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Dold L, Kalthoff S, Frank L, Zhou T, Esser P, Lutz P, Strassburg CP, Spengler U, Langhans B. STAT activation in regulatory CD4 + T cells of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1248. [PMID: 38607233 PMCID: PMC11010953 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are pivotal for inhibition of autoimmunity. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology where contribution of Tregs is still unclear. Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway critically modifies functions of Tregs. In PSC, we studied activation of STAT proteins and Treg functions in response to cytokines. METHODS In 51 patients with PSC, 10 disease controls (chronic replicative hepatitis C), and 36 healthy controls we analyzed frequencies of Foxp3+CD25+CD127lowCD4+ Tregs, their expression of ectonucleotidase CD39, and cytokine-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, 3, 5, and 6 using phospho-flow cytometry. In parallel, we measured cytokines IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2, and IL-4 in serum via bead-based immunoassays. RESULTS In patients with PSC, ex vivo frequencies of peripheral Tregs and their expression of CD39 were significantly reduced (p < .05 each). Furthermore, serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-4 were markedly higher in PSC (p < .05 each). Unlike activation of STAT1, STAT5, and STAT6, IL-6 induced increased phosphorylation of STAT3 in Tregs of PSC-patients (p = .0434). Finally, STAT3 activation in Tregs correlated with leukocyte counts. CONCLUSIONS In PSC, we observed enhanced STAT3 responsiveness of CD4+ Tregs together with reduced CD39 expression probably reflecting inflammatory activity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Dold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Kalthoff
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Taotao Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Esser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Langhans
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Ndzie Noah ML, Mprah R, Wowui PI, Adekunle AO, Adu-Amankwaah J, Tan R, Gong Z, Li T, Fu L, Machuki JO, Zhang S, Sun H. CD73/adenosine axis exerts cardioprotection against hypobaric hypoxia-induced metabolic shift and myocarditis in a sex-dependent manner. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:166. [PMID: 38454449 PMCID: PMC10918954 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the myocardial inflammatory response during pathological events varies between males and females. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these sex differences remain elusive. CD73/adenosine axis has been linked to anti-inflammatory responses, but its sex-specific cardioprotective role is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether the CD73/adenosine axis elicits sex-dependent cardioprotection during metabolic changes and myocarditis induced by hypobaric hypoxia. METHODS For 7 days, male and female mice received daily injections of the CD73 inhibitor adenosine 5'- (α, β-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) 10 mg/kg/day while they were kept under normobaric normoxic and hypobaric hypoxic conditions. We evaluated the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the CD73/adenosine axis, myocardial hypertrophy, and cardiac electrical activity and function. In addition, metabolic homeostasis and immunoregulation were investigated to clarify the sex-dependent cardioprotection of the CD73/adenosine axis. RESULTS Hypobaric hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling were more pronounced in male mice. Also, male mice had hyperactivity of the CD73/adenosine axis, which aggravated myocarditis and metabolic shift compared to female mice. In addition, CD73 inhibition triggered prostatic acid phosphatase ectonucleotidase enzymatic activity to sustain adenosine overproduction in male mice but not in female mice. Moreover, dual inhibition prostatic acid phosphatase and CD73 enzymatic activities in male mice moderated adenosine content, alleviating glycolytic shift and proinflammatory response. CONCLUSION The CD73/adenosine axis confers a sex-dependent cardioprotection. In addition, extracellular adenosine production in the hearts of male mice is influenced by prostatic acid phosphatase and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Ndzie Noah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Prosperl Ivette Wowui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | | | - Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | | | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
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3
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Vadlamani VMK, Gunasinghe KKJ, Chee XW, Rahman T, Harper MT. Human soluble CD39 displays substrate inhibition in a substrate-specific manner. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8958. [PMID: 37268726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; ENTPD1) metabolizes extracellular ATP and ADP to AMP. AMP is subsequently metabolized by CD79 to adenosine. CD39 activity is therefore a key regulator of purinergic signalling in cancer, thrombosis, and autoimmune diseases. In this study we demonstrate that soluble, recombinant CD39 shows substrate inhibition with ADP or ATP as the substrate. Although CD39 activity initially increased with increasing substrate concentration, at high concentrations of ATP or ADP, CD39 activity was markedly reduced. Although the reaction product, AMP, inhibits CD39 activity, insufficient AMP was generated under our conditions to account for the substrate inhibition seen. In contrast, inhibition was not seen with UDP or UTP as substrates. 2-methylthio-ADP also showed no substrate inhibition, indicating the nucleotide base is an important determinant of substrate inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ADP can undergo conformational rearrangements within the CD39 active site that were not seen with UDP or 2-methylthio-ADP. Appreciating the existence of substrate inhibition of CD39 will help the interpretation of studies of CD39 activity, including investigations into drugs that modulate CD39 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat M K Vadlamani
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | | | - Xavier W Chee
- Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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4
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Shi H, Dai H, Sun Q, Wang S, Chen Y. CD73, a significant protein in liver diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1147782. [PMID: 37122331 PMCID: PMC10130655 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1147782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purine adenosine pathway exists widely in the body metabolism, and is involved in regulating various physiological processes. It is one of the important pathways of environmental regulation in human body. CD73 is essentially a protease that catalyzes further dephosphorylation of extracellular adenine nucleotides, hydrolyzing extracellular AMP to adenosine and phosphate. CD73 is an important part of the adenosine signaling pathway. Studies have shown that CD73-mediated adenosine pathway can convert the inflammatory ATP into the immunosuppressant adenosine. This paper aims to summarize the relevant effects of CD73 in the occurrence, development and prognosis of liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, highlight the important role of CD73 in liver diseases, especially in viral hepatitis such as HBV and HCV, and explore new clinical ideas for future treatment targets of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Huilian Shi,
| | - Heng Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yuanyuan Chen,
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5
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Neely J, Hartoularos G, Bunis D, Sun Y, Lee D, Kim S, Ye CJ, Sirota M. Multi-Modal Single-Cell Sequencing Identifies Cellular Immunophenotypes Associated With Juvenile Dermatomyositis Disease Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902232. [PMID: 35799782 PMCID: PMC9254730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare autoimmune condition with insufficient biomarkers and treatments, in part, due to incomplete knowledge of the cell types mediating disease. We investigated immunophenotypes and cell-specific genes associated with disease activity using multiplexed RNA and protein single-cell sequencing applied to PBMCs from 4 treatment-naïve JDM (TN-JDM) subjects at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months post-treatment and 4 subjects with inactive disease on treatment. Analysis of 55,564 cells revealed separate clustering of TN-JDM cells within monocyte, NK, CD8+ effector T and naïve B populations. The proportion of CD16+ monocytes was reduced in TN-JDM, and naïve B cells and CD4+ Tregs were expanded. Cell-type differential gene expression analysis and hierarchical clustering identified a pan-cell-type IFN gene signature over-expressed in TN-JDM in all cell types and correlated with disease activity most strongly in cytotoxic cell types. TN-JDM CD16+ monocytes expressed the highest IFN gene score and were highly skewed toward an inflammatory and antigen-presenting phenotype at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. A transitional B cell population with a distinct transcriptomic signature was expanded in TN-JDM and characterized by higher CD24 and CD5 proteins and less CD39, an immunoregulatory protein. This data provides new insights into JDM immune dysregulation at cellular resolution and serves as a novel resource for myositis investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Neely
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - George Hartoularos
- Graduate Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Bunis
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David Lee
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susan Kim
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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6
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Mesenchymal stem cells transfer mitochondria to allogeneic Tregs in an HLA-dependent manner improving their immunosuppressive activity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:856. [PMID: 35165293 PMCID: PMC8844425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapies can provide safe and effective treatments for various disorders including autoimmunity, cancer, and excessive proinflammatory events in sepsis or viral infections. However, to achieve this goal there is a need for deeper understanding of mechanisms of the intercellular interactions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a lymphocyte subset that maintain peripheral tolerance, whilst mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent nonhematopoietic progenitor cells. Despite coming from different origins, Tregs and MSCs share immunoregulatory properties that have been tested in clinical trials. Here we demonstrate how direct and indirect contact with allogenic MSCs improves Tregs’ potential for accumulation of immunosuppressive adenosine and suppression of conventional T cell proliferation, making them more potent therapeutic tools. Our results also demonstrate that direct communication between Tregs and MSCs is based on transfer of active mitochondria and fragments of plasma membrane from MSCs to Tregs, an event that is HLA-dependent and associates with HLA-C and HLA-DRB1 eplet mismatch load between Treg and MSC donors. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both cell populations capable of immune tolerance induction. Here the authors show that the transfer of mitochondria from mesenchymal stem cells to allogeneic Treg cells in an HLA-dependent manner results in enhanced immunosuppressive functions of Treg cells.
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7
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Optimized HPLC method to elucidate the complex purinergic signaling dynamics that regulate ATP, ADP, AMP, and adenosine levels in human blood. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:223-239. [DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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8
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Höppner J, Bruni C, Distler O, Robson SC, Burmester GR, Siegert E, Distler JHW. Purinergic signaling in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2770-2782. [PMID: 34849624 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that involves numerous organs and presents major management challenges. The histopathologic hallmarks of SSc include vasculopathy, fibrosis and autoimmune phenomena involving both innate and adaptive immune systems. Purinergic signalling is a pathway that may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several of these disease manifestations. Extracellular purines are potent signalling mediators, which have been shown to be dysregulated in SSc. As examples, purines can exacerbate vasculopathy and provoke platelet dysfunction; as well as contributing to immune dysregulation. Elements of purinergic signalling further promote organ and tissue fibrosis in several disease models. Here, we provide an overview of extracellular purine metabolism in purinergic signalling and link disorders of these to the molecular pathology of SSc. We also discuss targeting the purinergic signalling and explore the translational applications for new therapeutic options in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Höppner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elise Siegert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Riff R, Naamani O, Mazar J, Haviv YS, Chaimovitz C, Douvdevani A. A 1 and A 2A adenosine receptors play a protective role to reduce prevalence of autoimmunity following tissue damage. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 205:278-287. [PMID: 33894002 PMCID: PMC8374218 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a potent modulator that has a tremendous effect on the immune system. Adenosine affects T cell activity, and is necessary in maintaining the T helper/regulatory T cell (Treg ) ratio. Adenosine signalling is also involved in activating neutrophils and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which has been linked to autoimmune disorders. Therefore, adenosine, through its receptors, is extremely important in maintaining homeostasis and involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in involvement of autoimmune diseases. We studied adenosine regulation by NETosis in vitro, and used two murine models of autoimmune diseases: type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) induced by low-dose streptozotocin and pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have found that A1 R enhances and A2A R suppresses NETosis. In addition, in both models, A1 R-knock-out (KO) mice were predisposed to the development of autoimmunity. In the SLE model in wild-type (WT) mice we observed a decline of A1 R mRNA levels 6 h after pristane injection that was parallel to lymphocyte reduction. Following pristane, 43% of A1 R-KO mice suffered from lupus-like disease while WT mice remained without any sign of disease at 36 weeks. In WT mice, at 10 days A2A R mRNA levels were significantly higher compared to A1R-KO mice. Similar to SLE, in the T1DM model the presence of A1 R and A2A R was protective. Our data suggest that, in autoimmune diseases, the acute elimination of lymphocytes and reduction of DNA release due to NETosis depends upon A1 R desensitization and long-term suppression of A2A R.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Traps/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Activation/immunology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Streptozocin
- Terpenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Riff
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical CenterBeer‐ShevaIsrael
- Present address:
Weizmann Institute of ScienceWolfson Building 158, 234 Herzl StreetFehovot7610001Israel
| | - Oshri Naamani
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical CenterBeer‐ShevaIsrael
- Department of ScienceHemdat HadaromCollege of EducationNetivotIsrael
| | - Julia Mazar
- Laboratory of Nephrology HematologyFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Yosef S. Haviv
- Department of Nephrology HematologyFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical CenterBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Cidio Chaimovitz
- Department of Nephrology HematologyFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical CenterBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Amos Douvdevani
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical CenterBeer‐ShevaIsrael
- Department of Nephrology HematologyFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical CenterBeer‐ShevaIsrael
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10
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Dendritic Cells as a Disputed Fortress on the Tick-Host Battlefield. Trends Parasitol 2020; 37:340-354. [PMID: 33303363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From seminal publications in the early 1970s, the world learned that dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful and versatile antigen-presenting cells. It took a few years until the first studies expanded our understanding of the pivotal role of these immune 'soldiers' against ticks. Advances in biochemistry, molecular biology, and bioinformatics have shed light on the identification of key salivary molecules that modulate the biology of DCs in favor of tick parasitism. Here, we present a critical overview of the discoveries accumulated on the tick-host battlefield from a DC perspective. Moreover, the clinical significance of DC-targeted tick salivary components is discussed, not only as facilitators of the transmission of tick-borne pathogens or vaccine candidates, but also as potential immunobiologics to treat immune-mediated diseases.
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11
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Endogenous antisense RNA curbs CD39 expression in Crohn's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5894. [PMID: 33208731 PMCID: PMC7676266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD39 is an ectonucleotidase that initiates conversion of extracellular nucleotides into immunosuppressive adenosine. CD39 is expressed by regulatory T (Treg)-cells, where it mediates immunosuppression, and by a subset of T-helper (Th) 17-cells, where it limits pathogenicity. CD39 is regulated via single-nucleotide-polymorphisms and upon activation of aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor and oxygen-mediated pathways. Here we report a mechanism of CD39 regulation that relies on the presence of an endogenous antisense RNA, transcribed from the 3′-end of the human CD39/ENTPD1 gene. CD39-specific antisense is increased in Treg and Th17-cells of Crohn’s disease patients over controls. It largely localizes in the cell nucleus and regulates CD39 by interacting with nucleolin and heterogeneous-nuclear-ribonucleoprotein-A1. Antisense silencing results in CD39 upregulation in vitro and amelioration of disease activity in a trinitro-benzene-sulfonic-acid model of colitis in humanized NOD/scid/gamma mice. Inhibition/blockade of antisense might represent a therapeutic strategy to restore CD39 along with immunohomeostasis in Crohn’s disease. CD39 is an ectonucleotidase associated with immunoregulatory function. Here authors show regulation of CD39 expression by an endogenous antisense RNA moiety transcribed from the 3‘ end of CD39/ENTPD1 which when itself is silenced results in amelioration of pathology in an animal model of colitis.
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12
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Zhong EH, Ledderose C, De Andrade Mello P, Enjyoji K, Lunderberg JM, Junger W, Robson SC. Structural and functional characterization of engineered bifunctional fusion proteins of CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C15-C29. [PMID: 33052071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00430.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular diphosphate and triphosphate nucleotides are released from activated or injured cells to trigger vascular and immune P2 purinergic receptors, provoking inflammation and vascular thrombosis. These metabokines are scavenged by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (E-NTPDase1 or CD39). Further degradation of the monophosphate nucleoside end products occurs by surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NMPase) or CD73. These ectoenzymatic processes work in tandem to promote adenosinergic responses, which are immunosuppressive and antithrombotic. These homeostatic ectoenzymatic mechanisms are lost in the setting of oxidative stress, which exacerbates inflammatory processes. We have engineered bifunctional enzymes made up from ectodomains (ECDs) of CD39 and CD73 within a single polypeptide. Human alkaline phosphatase-ectodomain (ALP-ECD) and human acid phosphatase-ectodomain (HAP-ECD) fusion proteins were also generated, characterized, and compared with these CD39-ECD, CD73-ECD, and bifunctional fusion proteins. Through the application of colorimetrical functional assays and high-performance liquid chromatography kinetic assays, we demonstrate that the bifunctional ectoenzymes express high levels of CD39-like NTPDase activity and CD73-like NMPase activity. Chimeric CD39-CD73-ECD proteins were superior in converting triphosphate and diphosphate nucleotides into nucleosides when compared with ALP-ECD and HAP-ECD. We also note a pH sensitivity difference between the bifunctional fusion proteins and parental fusions, as well as ectoenzymatic property distinctions. Intriguingly, these innovative reagents decreased platelet activation to exogenous agonists in vitro. We propose that these chimeric fusion proteins could serve as therapeutic agents in inflammatory diseases, acting to scavenge proinflammatory ATP and also generate anti-inflammatory adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Zhong
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paola De Andrade Mello
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keiichi Enjyoji
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin Mark Lunderberg
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wolfgang Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Colangelo MT, Galli C, Guizzardi S. Polydeoxyribonucleotide Regulation of Inflammation. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Colangelo
- Histology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Histology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Magni G, Ceruti S. Adenosine Signaling in Autoimmune Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090260. [PMID: 32971792 PMCID: PMC7558305 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular components of the purinergic system (i.e., receptors, metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters) are widely expressed in the cells of the immune system. Additionally, high concentrations of adenosine are generated from the hydrolysis of ATP in any "danger" condition, when oxygen and energy availability dramatically drops. Therefore, adenosine acts as a retaliatory metabolite to counteract the nucleotide-mediated boost of the immune reaction. Based on this observation, it can be foreseen that the recruitment with selective agonists of the receptors involved in the immunomodulatory effect of adenosine might represent an innovative anti-inflammatory approach with potential exploitation in autoimmune disorders. Quite surprisingly, pro-inflammatory activity exerted by some adenosine receptors has been also identified, thus paving the way for the hypothesis that at least some autoimmune disorders may be caused by a derailment of adenosine signaling. In this review article, we provide a general overview of the roles played by adenosine on immune cells with a specific focus on the development of adenosine-based therapies for autoimmune disorders, as demonstrated by the exciting data from concluded and ongoing clinical trials.
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15
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:124. [PMID: 30983976 PMCID: PMC6447611 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body’s response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 30983976 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body's response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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