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Homan K, Onodera T, Matsuoka M, Iwasaki N. Glycosphingolipids in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage-Regeneration Therapy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects Based on a Narrative Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4890. [PMID: 38732111 PMCID: PMC11084896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), a subtype of glycolipids containing sphingosine, are critical components of vertebrate plasma membranes, playing a pivotal role in cellular signaling and interactions. In human articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA), GSL expression is known notably to decrease. This review focuses on the roles of gangliosides, a specific type of GSL, in cartilage degeneration and regeneration, emphasizing their regulatory function in signal transduction. The expression of gangliosides, whether endogenous or augmented exogenously, is regulated at the enzymatic level, targeting specific glycosyltransferases. This regulation has significant implications for the composition of cell-surface gangliosides and their impact on signal transduction in chondrocytes and progenitor cells. Different levels of ganglioside expression can influence signaling pathways in various ways, potentially affecting cell properties, including malignancy. Moreover, gene manipulations against gangliosides have been shown to regulate cartilage metabolisms and chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. This review highlights the potential of targeting gangliosides in the development of therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis and cartilage injury and addresses promising directions for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (K.H.); (M.M.); (N.I.)
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2
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Govindaraj K, Meteling M, van Rooij J, Becker M, van Wijnen AJ, van den Beucken JJJP, Ramos YFM, van Meurs J, Post JN, Leijten J. Osmolarity-Induced Altered Intracellular Molecular Crowding Drives Osteoarthritis Pathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306722. [PMID: 38213111 PMCID: PMC10953583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial degenerative joint disease of which the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. At the molecular level, multiple factors including altered signaling pathways, epigenetics, metabolic imbalance, extracellular matrix degradation, production of matrix metalloproteinases, and inflammatory cytokines, are known to play a detrimental role in OA. However, these factors do not initiate OA, but are mediators or consequences of the disease, while many other factors causing the etiology of OA are still unknown. Here, it is revealed that microenvironmental osmolarity can induce and reverse osteoarthritis-related behavior of chondrocytes via altered intracellular molecular crowding, which represents a previously unknown mechanism underlying OA pathophysiology. Decreased intracellular crowding is associated with increased sensitivity to proinflammatory triggers and decreased responsiveness to anabolic stimuli. OA-induced lowered intracellular molecular crowding could be renormalized via exposure to higher extracellular osmolarity such as those found in healthy joints, which reverse OA chondrocyte's sensitivity to catabolic stimuli as well as its glycolytic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Govindaraj
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Meteling
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MCDr. Molewaterplein 40Rotterdam3015GDThe Netherlands
| | - Malin Becker
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yolande F. M. Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Data SciencesSection Molecular EpidemiologyLUMCEinthovenweg 20Leiden2333 ZCThe Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Meurs
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MCDr. Molewaterplein 40Rotterdam3015GDThe Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics & Sports MedicineErasmus MCDr. Molewaterplein 40Rotterdam3015GDThe Netherlands
| | - Janine N. Post
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
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3
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Mancini FE, Humphreys PEA, Woods S, Bates N, Cuvertino S, O'Flaherty J, Biant L, Domingos MAN, Kimber SJ. Effect of a retinoic acid analogue on BMP-driven pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2696. [PMID: 38302538 PMCID: PMC10834951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint condition, leading to articular cartilage (AC) degradation, chronic pain and immobility. The lack of appropriate therapies that provide tissue restoration combined with the limited lifespan of joint-replacement implants indicate the need for alternative AC regeneration strategies. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into AC progenitors may provide a long-term regenerative solution but is still limited due to the continued reliance upon growth factors to recapitulate developmental signalling processes. Recently, TTNPB, a small molecule activator of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), has been shown to be sufficient to guide mesodermal specification and early chondrogenesis of hPSCs. Here, we modified our previous differentiation protocol, by supplementing cells with TTNPB and administering BMP2 at specific times to enhance early development (referred to as the RAPID-E protocol). Transcriptomic analyses indicated that activation of RAR signalling significantly upregulated genes related to limb and embryonic skeletal development in the early stages of the protocol and upregulated genes related to AC development in later stages. Chondroprogenitors obtained from RAPID-E could generate cartilaginous pellets that expressed AC-related matrix proteins such as Lubricin, Aggrecan, and Collagen II, but additionally expressed Collagen X, indicative of hypertrophy. This protocol could lay the foundations for cell therapy strategies for osteoarthritis and improve the understanding of AC development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Solids and Structures, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul E A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Julieta O'Flaherty
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Leela Biant
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marco A N Domingos
- Department of Solids and Structures, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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4
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Kuppa SS, Kim HK, Kang JY, Lee SC, Yang HY, Sankaranarayanan J, Seon JK. Polynucleotides Suppress Inflammation and Stimulate Matrix Synthesis in an In Vitro Cell-Based Osteoarthritis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12282. [PMID: 37569659 PMCID: PMC10418450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degeneration of the joint cartilage, inflammation, and a change in the chondrocyte phenotype. Inflammation also promotes cell hypertrophy in human articular chondrocytes (HC-a) by activating the NF-κB pathway. Chondrocyte hypertrophy and inflammation promote extracellular matrix degradation (ECM). Chondrocytes depend on Smad signaling to control and regulate cell hypertrophy as well as to maintain the ECM. The involvement of these two pathways is crucial for preserving the homeostasis of articular cartilage. In recent years, Polynucleotides Highly Purified Technology (PN-HPT) has emerged as a promising area of research for the treatment of OA. PN-HPT involves the use of polynucleotide-based agents with controlled natural origins and high purification levels. In this study, we focused on evaluating the efficacy of a specific polynucleotide sodium agent, known as CONJURAN, which is derived from fish sperm. Polynucleotides (PN), which are physiologically present in the matrix and function as water-soluble nucleic acids with a gel-like property, have been used to treat patients with OA. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the effect remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PN in an OA cell model in which HC-a cells were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) with or without PN treatment. The CCK-8 assay was used to assess the cytotoxic effects of PN. Furthermore, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to detect MMP13 levels, and the nitric oxide assay was utilized to determine the effect of PN on inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of PN and related mechanisms were investigated using quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence to examine and analyze relative markers. PN inhibited IL-1β induced destruction of genes and proteins by downregulating the expression of MMP3, MMP13, iNOS, and COX-2 while increasing the expression of aggrecan (ACAN) and collagen II (COL2A1). This study demonstrates, for the first time, that PN exerted anti-inflammatory effects by partially inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and increasing the Smad2/3 pathway. Based on our findings, PN can potentially serve as a treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Samanvitha Kuppa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Republic of Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Republic of Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Republic of Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Cheol Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Republic of Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yeol Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Republic of Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaishree Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Republic of Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Keun Seon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Republic of Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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5
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Fragoulis A, Tohidnezhad M, Kubo Y, Wruck CJ, Craveiro RB, Bock A, Wolf M, Pufe T, Jahr H, Suhr F. The Contribution of the Nrf2/ARE System to Mechanotransduction in Musculoskeletal and Periodontal Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097722. [PMID: 37175428 PMCID: PMC10177782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing plays an essential role in maintaining tissue functions. Across the human body, several tissues (i.e., striated muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, as well as cartilage) require mechanical loading to exert their physiological functions. Contrary, mechanical unloading triggers pathological remodeling of these tissues and, consequently, human body dysfunctions. At the cellular level, both mechanical loading and unloading regulate a wide spectrum of cellular pathways. Among those, pathways regulated by oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent an essential node critically controlling tissue organization and function. Hence, a sensitive balance between the generation and elimination of oxidants keeps them within a physiological range. Here, the Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2/Antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) system plays an essential role as it constitutes the major cellular regulation against exogenous and endogenous oxidative stresses. Dysregulations of this system advance, i.a., liver, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases. Herein, we extend our comprehension of the Nrf2 system to the aforementioned mechanically sensitive tissues to explore its role in their physiology and pathology. We demonstrate the relevance of it for the tissues' functionality and highlight the imperative to further explore the Nrf2 system to understand the physiology and pathology of mechanically sensitive tissues in the context of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogerio Bastos Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Bock
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Division of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
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6
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Broeders M, van Rooij J, Oussoren E, van Gestel T, Smith C, Kimber S, Verdijk R, Wagenmakers M, van den Hout J, van der Ploeg A, Narcisi R, Pijnappel W. Modeling cartilage pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis VI using iPSCs reveals early dysregulation of chondrogenic and metabolic gene expression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:949063. [PMID: 36561048 PMCID: PMC9763729 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.949063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a metabolic disorder caused by disease-associated variants in the Arylsulfatase B (ARSB) gene, resulting in ARSB enzyme deficiency, lysosomal glycosaminoglycan accumulation, and cartilage and bone pathology. The molecular response to MPS VI that results in cartilage pathology in human patients is largely unknown. Here, we generated a disease model to study the early stages of cartilage pathology in MPS VI. We generated iPSCs from four patients and isogenic controls by inserting the ARSB cDNA in the AAVS1 safe harbor locus using CRISPR/Cas9. Using an optimized chondrogenic differentiation protocol, we found Periodic acid-Schiff positive inclusions in hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI. Genome-wide mRNA expression analysis showed that hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI downregulated expression of genes involved in TGF-β/BMP signalling, and upregulated expression of inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Expression of genes involved in apoptosis and growth was upregulated, while expression of genes involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism was dysregulated in hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI. These results suggest that human ARSB deficiency in MPS VI causes changes in the transcriptional program underlying the early stages of chondrogenic differentiation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Broeders
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jgj van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tjm van Gestel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ca Smith
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sj Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rm Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maem Wagenmakers
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jmp van den Hout
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - At van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wwmp Pijnappel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Jahr H, van der Windt AE, Timur UT, Baart EB, Lian WS, Rolauffs B, Wang FS, Pufe T. Physosmotic Induction of Chondrogenic Maturation Is TGF-β Dependent and Enhanced by Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095110. [PMID: 35563498 PMCID: PMC9100228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing extracellular osmolarity 100 mOsm/kg above plasma level to the physiological levels for cartilage induces chondrogenic marker expression and the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 has been reported to modulate the hypertrophic differentiation of primary chondrocytes under such conditions, but the molecular mechanism has remained unclear. We aimed at clarifying its role. Chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells were cultured under plasma osmolarity and chondrocyte-specific in situ osmolarity (+100 mOsm, physosmolarity) was increased to compare the activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). The effects of osmolarity and FK506 on calcineurin activity, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix quality, and BMP- and TGF-β signaling were analyzed using biochemical, gene, and protein expression, as well as reporter and bio-assays. NFAT5 translocation was similar in chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells. High supraphysiological osmolarity compromised cell proliferation, while physosmolarity or FK506 did not, but in combination increased proteoglycan and collagen expression in chondrocytes in vitro and in situ. The expression of the TGF-β-inducible protein TGFBI, as well as chondrogenic (SOX9, Col2) and terminal differentiation markers (e.g., Col10) were affected by osmolarity. Particularly, the expression of minor collagens (e.g., Col9, Col11) was affected. The inhibition of the FK506-binding protein suggests modulation at the TGF-β receptor level, rather than calcineurin-mediated signaling, as a cause. Physiological osmolarity promotes terminal chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells through the sensitization of the TGF-β superfamily signaling at the type I receptor. While hyperosmolarity alone facilitates TGF-β superfamily signaling, FK506 further enhances signaling by releasing the FKBP12 break from the type I receptor to improve collagenous marker expression. Our results help explain earlier findings and potentially benefit future cell-based cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2418089525
| | - Anna E. van der Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ufuk Tan Timur
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B. Baart
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
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8
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Krishnan RH, Sadu L, Das UR, Satishkumar S, Pranav Adithya S, Saranya I, Akshaya R, Selvamurugan N. Role of p300, a histone acetyltransferase enzyme, in osteoblast differentiation. Differentiation 2022; 124:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Kubo Y, Beckmann R, Fragoulis A, Conrads C, Pavanram P, Nebelung S, Wolf M, Wruck CJ, Jahr H, Pufe T. Nrf2/ARE Signaling Directly Regulates SOX9 to Potentially Alter Age-Dependent Cartilage Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020263. [PMID: 35204144 PMCID: PMC8868513 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in osteoarthritis, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway maintains redox homeostasis. We investigated whether Nrf2/ARE signaling controls SOX9. SOX9 expression in human C-28/I2 chondrocytes was measured by RT–qPCR after shRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 or its antagonist the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap ‘‘n’’ collar homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1). To verify whether Nrf2 transcriptionally regulates SOX9, putative ARE-binding sites in the proximal SOX9 promoter region were inactivated, cloned into pGL3, and co-transfected with phRL–TK for dual-luciferase assays. SOX9 promoter activities without and with Nrf2-inducer methysticin were compared. Sox9 expression in articular chondrocytes was correlated to cartilage thickness and degeneration in wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-knockout mice. Nrf2-specific RNAi significantly decreased SOX9 expression, whereas Keap1-specific RNAi increased it. Putative ARE sites (ARE1, ARE2) were identified in the SOX9 promoter region. ARE2 mutagenesis significantly reduced SOX9 promoter activity, but ARE1 excision did not. Functional ARE2 site was essential for methysticin-mediated induction of SOX9 promoter activity. Young Nrf2-knockout mice revealed significantly lower Sox9-positive chondrocytes, and old Nrf2-knockout animals showed thinner cartilage and more cartilage degeneration. Our results suggest Nrf2 directly regulates SOX9 in articular cartilage, and Nrf2-loss can develop mild osteoarthritis at old age. Pharmacological Nrf2 induction may hold the potential to diminish age-dependent cartilage degeneration through improving SOX9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-24-1808-9525
| | - Rainer Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Claudius Conrads
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Prathyusha Pavanram
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
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10
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Lu Y, Xu H, Jiang Y, Li D, Hu Z, Yan C, Yin H, Li D, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhu Q, Wang Y. Effect of BMP6 on the proliferation and apoptosis of chicken chondrocytes induced by thiram. Res Vet Sci 2021; 142:101-109. [PMID: 34906792 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of skeleton system is a complex biological process and be regulated by many transcription factors. Previous studies have shown that BMP6 is involved in skeleton development and other cells transforming to chondrocytes, but it is still not known whether do something to tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) broilers chondrocytes. In this study, RT-PCR revealed that the expression level of BMP6 in TD broiler chondrocytes at 7 days age was significantly decreased compared with normal group (P < 0.05). CCK-8 and EdU assay showed that the proliferation of cells transfected with interference BMP6 was significantly decreased compared with control siRNA, while cell proliferation was significantly increased after overexpression of BMP6. Meanwhile, the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells was significantly increased and the proportion of G2/M phase cells was significantly decreased after interference of BMP6 for 48 h in TD chicken chondrocytes (P < 0.05). In addition, flow cytometry analysis exhibited that interference BMP6 significantly increased apoptosis rate and necrotizing rate of cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that BMP6 plays a positive role in the growth and development of TD broiler chondrocytes. Our findings reveal a new target for TD prevention in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Lu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuru Jiang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dan Li
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaoyang Yan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huiming Street, Wenjiang district Chengdu, 611130, China.
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11
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Shestovskaya MV, Bozhkova SA, Sopova JV, Khotin MG, Bozhokin MS. Methods of Modification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Conditions of Their Culturing for Hyaline Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111666. [PMID: 34829895 PMCID: PMC8615732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage is a topical area of regenerative medicine that has already entered clinical practice. The key stage of this procedure is to create conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, increase the synthesis of hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix proteins by these cells and activate their proliferation. The first such works consisted in the indirect modification of cells, namely, in changing the conditions in which they are located, including microfracturing of the subchondral bone and the use of 3D biodegradable scaffolds. The most effective methods for modifying the cell culture of MSCs are protein and physical, which have already been partially introduced into clinical practice. Genetic methods for modifying MSCs, despite their effectiveness, have significant limitations. Techniques have not yet been developed that allow studying the effectiveness of their application even in limited groups of patients. The use of MSC modification methods allows precise regulation of cell culture proliferation, and in combination with the use of a 3D biodegradable scaffold, it allows obtaining a hyaline-like regenerate in the damaged area. This review is devoted to the consideration and comparison of various methods used to modify the cell culture of MSCs for their use in regenerative medicine of cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Shestovskaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Svetlana A. Bozhkova
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail G. Khotin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Mikhail S. Bozhokin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Tan Y, Zhang L, Rajoka MSR, Mai Z, Bahadur A, Mehwish HM, Umair M, Zhao L, Wu Y, Song X. Jawbones Scaffold Constructed by TGF-β1 and BMP-2 Loaded Chitosan Microsphere Combining with Alg/HA/ICol for Osteogenic-Induced Differentiation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3079. [PMID: 34577981 PMCID: PMC8466595 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone scaffolds based on multi-components are the leading trend to address the multifaceted prerequisites to repair various bone defects. Chitosan is the most useable biopolymer, having excellent biological applications. Therefore, in the present study, the chitosan microsphere was prepared by the ion-gel method; transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were loaded onto it and then combined with alginate/hyaluronic acid/collagen (Alg/HA/ICol) to construct a jawbones scaffold. The Alg/HA/ICol scaffolds were characterized by FTIR and SEM, and the water content, porosity, tensile properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic-induced differentiation ability of the Alg/HA/ICol jawbones scaffolds were studied. The results indicate that a three-dimensional porous jawbone scaffold was successfully constructed having 100-250 μm of pore size and >90% of porosity without cytotoxicity against adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Its ALP quantification, osteocalcin expression, and Von Kossamineralized nodule staining was higher than the control group. The jawbones scaffold constructed by TGF-β1 and BMP-2 loaded chitosan microsphere combining with Alg/HA/ICol has potential biomedical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Tan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.T.); (M.S.R.R.); (Z.M.); (M.U.)
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Union Medical Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.T.); (M.S.R.R.); (Z.M.); (M.U.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Zhanhua Mai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.T.); (M.S.R.R.); (Z.M.); (M.U.)
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 16229, Korea;
| | - Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Muhammad Umair
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.T.); (M.S.R.R.); (Z.M.); (M.U.)
| | - Liqing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.T.); (M.S.R.R.); (Z.M.); (M.U.)
| | - Yiguang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.T.); (M.S.R.R.); (Z.M.); (M.U.)
| | - Xun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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Assessment of plasma BMP-2, BMP-7, BMP-10, vitamin D, and TGF β1 in simple fractures among Sudanese patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247472. [PMID: 33606840 PMCID: PMC7895376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are multifunctional proteins. They work as cytokines regulating osteogenesis during fracture healing process. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in BMPs during fracture and their correlations to Fracture’s healing. Methods Case-Control hospital–based study conducted from January 2018 to January 2019. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples were collected from patients and controls (18–65 years old). Plasma concentrations of selected BMPs and vitamin D were measured using quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS version 25 was used to calculate frequencies, Pearson correlation tests, chi-square and unpaired t-test. Results Sixty-five patients with fractures and Sixty-five controls were studied. Means of plasma concentrations were (TGFβ1 = 21.07 ng/ml ±8.49 and 19.8 ng/ml ±7.2) (BMP-2 = 76.3 pg/ml ± 156.6 and 55.5 ng/ml ± 127.9) (BMP-7 = 13.02 pg/ml ±43.5 and 64.6pg/ml ±250) (BMP-10 = 8.14 pg/ml ±12.7 and 5.48 pg/ml ±11.3) (Vitamin D mean was 24.94 ng/ml ±13.2 and 26.2 ng/ml ±11.6) in patients and controls, respectively. Forty-five subjects were enrolled into follow up study: 30 males, 15 females. Healing time mean was 4.13± 2.6 months. No significant correlation between BMP-2/BMP-7 with healing time. Conclusions BMP-7 was significantly lowers in the plasma of patients that controls (P = 0.042). Low Vitamin D was observed among Sudanese participants.
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14
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Schulze-Tanzil G. Experimental Therapeutics for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:101-125. [PMID: 33603501 PMCID: PMC7887204 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s237479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) therapy remains a large challenge since no causative treatment options are so far available. Despite some main pathways contributing to OA are identified its pathogenesis is still rudimentary understood. A plethora of therapeutically promising agents are currently tested in experimental OA research to find an opportunity to reverse OA-associated joint damage and prevent its progression. Hence, this review aims to summarize novelly emerging experimental approaches for OA. Due to the diversity of strategies shown only main aspects could be summarized here including herbal medicines, nanoparticular compounds, growth factors, hormones, antibody-, cell- and extracellular vesicle (EV)-based approaches, optimized tools for joint viscosupplementation, genetic regulators such as si- or miRNAs and promising combinations. An abundant multitude of compounds obtained from plants, environmental, autologous or synthetic sources have been identified with anabolic, anti-inflammatory, -catabolic and anti-apoptotic properties. Some ubiquitous signaling pathways such as wingless and Integration site-1 (Wnt), Sirtuin, Toll-like receptor (TLR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB and complement are involved in OA and addressed by them. Hyaluronan (HA) provided benefit in OA since many decades, and novel HA formulations have been developed now with higher HA content and long-term stability achieved by cross-linking suitable to be combined with other agents such as components from herbals or chemokines to attract regenerative cells. pH- or inflammation-sensitive nanoparticular compounds could serve as versatile slow-release systems of active compounds, for example, miRNAs. Some light has been brought into the intimate regulatory network of small RNAs in the pathogenesis of OA which might be a novel avenue for OA therapy in future. Attraction of autologous regenerative cells by chemokines and exosome-based treatment strategies could also innovate OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
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15
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Saghati S, Nasrabadi HT, Khoshfetrat AB, Moharamzadeh K, Hassani A, Mohammadi SM, Rahbarghazi R, Fathi Karkan S. Tissue Engineering Strategies to Increase Osteochondral Regeneration of Stem Cells; a Close Look at Different Modalities. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1294-1311. [PMID: 33547591 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of osteochondral tissue is tightly controlled by articular cartilage chondrocytes and underlying subchondral bone osteoblasts via different internal and external clues. As a correlate, the osteochondral region is frequently exposed to physical forces and mechanical pressure. On this basis, distinct sets of substrates and physicochemical properties of the surrounding matrix affect the regeneration capacity of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Stem cells are touted as an alternative cell source for the alleviation of osteochondral diseases. These cells appropriately respond to the physicochemical properties of different biomaterials. This review aimed to address some of the essential factors which participate in the chondrogenic and osteogenic capacity of stem cells. Elements consisted of biomechanical forces, electrical fields, and biochemical and physical properties of the extracellular matrix are the major determinant of stem cell differentiation capacity. It is suggested that an additional certain mechanism related to signal-transduction pathways could also mediate the chondro-osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The discovery of these clues can enable us to modulate the regeneration capacity of stem cells in osteochondral injuries and lead to the improvement of more operative approaches using tissue engineering modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saghati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Baradar Khoshfetrat
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayla Hassani
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Momeneh Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sonia Fathi Karkan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Caron MMJ, Janssen MPF, Peeters L, Haudenschild DR, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, van Rhijn LW, Emans PJ, Welting TJM. Aggrecan and COMP Improve Periosteal Chondrogenesis by Delaying Chondrocyte Hypertrophic Maturation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1036. [PMID: 32984292 PMCID: PMC7483497 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of cartilage from progenitor cells for the purpose of cartilage repair is often hampered by hypertrophic differentiation of the engineered cartilaginous tissue caused by endochondral ossification. Since a healthy cartilage matrix contains high amounts of Aggrecan and COMP, we hypothesized that their supplementation in the biogel used in the generation of subperiosteal cartilage mimics the composition of the cartilage extracellular matrix environment, with beneficial properties for the engineered cartilage. Supplementation of COMP or Aggrecan was studied in vitro during chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit periosteum cells and periosteum-derived chondrocytes. Low melting agarose was supplemented with bovine Aggrecan, human recombinant COMP or vehicle and was injected between the bone and periosteum at the upper medial side of the tibia of New Zealand white rabbits. Generated subperiosteal cartilage tissue was analyzed for weight, GAG and DNA content and ALP activity. Key markers of different phases of endochondral ossification were measured by RT-qPCR. For the in vitro experiments, no significant differences in chondrogenic marker expression were detected following COMP or Aggrecan supplementation, while in vivo favorable chondrogenic marker expression was detected. Gene expression levels of hypertrophic markers as well as ALP activity were significantly decreased in the Aggrecan and COMP supplemented conditions compared to controls. The wet weight and GAG content of the in vivo generated subperiosteal cartilage tissue was not significantly different between groups. Data demonstrate the potential of Aggrecan and COMP to favorably influence the subperiosteal microenvironment for the in vivo generation of cartilage for the optimization of cartilage regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten P F Janssen
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Laura Peeters
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dominik R Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Don A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Emans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Aisenbrey EA, Bilousova G, Payne K, Bryant SJ. Dynamic mechanical loading and growth factors influence chondrogenesis of induced pluripotent mesenchymal progenitor cells in a cartilage-mimetic hydrogel. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:5388-5403. [PMID: 31626251 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01081e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the effect of biochemical and mechanical cues on iPSC chondrogenesis remains understudied. This study evaluated chondrogenesis of induced pluripotent mesenchymal progenitor cells (iPS-MPs) encapsulated in a cartilage-mimetic hydrogel under different culture conditions: free swelling versus dynamic compressive loading and different growth factors (TGFβ3 and/or BMP2). Human iPSCs were differentiated into iPS-MPs and chondrogenesis was evaluated by gene expression (qPCR) and protein expression (immunohistochemistry) after three weeks. In pellet culture, both TGFβ3 and BMP2 were required to promote chondrogenesis. However, the hydrogel in growth factor-free conditions promoted chondrogenesis, but rapidly progressed to hypertrophy. Dynamic loading in growth factor-free conditions supported chondrogenesis, but delayed the transition to hypertrophy. Findings were similar with TGFβ3, BMP2, and TGFβ3 + BMP2. Dynamic loading with TGFβ3, regardless of BMP2, was the only condition that promoted a stable chondrogenic phenotype (aggrecan + collagen II) accompanied by collagen X down-regulation. Positive TGFβRI expression with load-enhanced Smad2/3 signaling and low SMAD1/5/8 signaling was observed. In summary, this study reports a promising cartilage-mimetic hydrogel for iPS-MPs that when combined with appropriate biochemical and mechanical cues induces a stable chondrogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Aisenbrey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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18
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Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Regeneration: Focus on Pathophysiology and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246156. [PMID: 31817613 PMCID: PMC6940733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Jahr H, Gunes S, Kuhn AR, Nebelung S, Pufe T. Bioreactor-Controlled Physoxia Regulates TGF-β Signaling to Alter Extracellular Matrix Synthesis by Human Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071715. [PMID: 30959909 PMCID: PMC6480267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturing articular chondrocytes under physiological oxygen tension exerts positive effects on their extracellular matrix synthesis. The underlying molecular mechanisms which enhance the chondrocytic phenotype are, however, still insufficiently elucidated. The TGF-β superfamily of growth factors, and the prototypic TGF-β isoforms in particular, are crucial in maintaining matrix homeostasis of these cells. We employed a feedback-controlled table-top bioreactor to investigate the role of TGF-β in microtissues of human chondrocytes over a wider range of physiological oxygen tensions (i.e., physoxia). We compared 1%, 2.5%, and 5% of partial oxygen pressure (pO2) to the ‘normoxic’ 20%. We confirmed physoxic conditions through the induction of marker genes (PHD3, VEGF) and oxygen tension-dependent chondrocytic markers (SOX9, COL2A1). We identified 2.5% pO2 as an oxygen tension optimally improving chondrocytic marker expression (ACAN, COL2A1), while suppressing de-differentiation markers (COL1A1,COL3A1). Expression of TGF-β isoform 2 (TGFB2) was, relatively, most responsive to 2.5% pO2, while all three isoforms were induced by physoxia. We found TGF-β receptors ALK1 and ALK5 to be regulated by oxygen tension on the mRNA and protein level. In addition, expression of type III co-receptors betaglycan and endoglin appeared to be regulated by oxygen tension as well. R-Smad signaling confirmed that physoxia divergently regulated phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and Smad2/3. Pharmacological inhibition of canonical ALK5-mediated signaling abrogated physoxia-induced COL2A1 and PAI-1 expression. Physoxia altered expression of hypertrophy markers and that of matrix metalloproteases and their activity, as well as expression ratios of specific proteins (Sp)/Krüppel-like transcription factor family members SP1 and SP3, proving a molecular concept of ECM marker regulation. Keeping oxygen levels tightly balanced within a physiological range is important for optimal chondrocytic marker expression. Our study provides novel insights into transcriptional regulations in chondrocytes under physoxic in vitro conditions and may contribute to improving future cell-based articular cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HXMaastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Seval Gunes
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Annika-Ricarda Kuhn
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
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