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Gradinariu AI, Racles C, Stoica I, Stelea CG, Simionescu AMA, Jehac AE, Costan VV. Silicones for Maxillofacial Prostheses and Their Modifications in Service. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3297. [PMID: 38998378 PMCID: PMC11243296 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The biomedical applications of silicones are countless due to their outstanding properties. In dentistry, silicone for maxillofacial and plastic surgery has become indispensable, from both physiological and aesthetic points of view. In this mini-review, silicone materials for dentistry and facial prostheses are discussed, focusing on their properties and alterations when exposed for long periods to different environments. A significant number of studies reported in the literature have been conducted in vitro, mimicking some of the main degradative factors which have been identified as triggers for discoloration and deterioration of the mechanical properties. Among these, in artificial aging and accelerated natural aging studies, UV radiation is considered the most important. Other weathering factors, biological contamination, and disinfection agents may have dramatic effects as well. Several general properties of silicones are described at the beginning, with a focus on biocompatibility, cross-linking mechanisms, and applications in dentistry and maxillofacial prosthetics. We discuss the ongoing cross-linking and/or possible exudation after manufacturing, which also affects the stability of the prosthesis over time, and possibly the patient. Next, the main environmental factors that affect the prostheses in service are presented, including the role of cigarettes smoke, which has been discussed very little so far. A few aspects, such as biofilm formation, its negative effects, and proposed solutions to overcome this phenomenon regarding silicones, are also described. We conclude by proposing a set of topics for future research and development based on the gaps that have been identified in the literature. Although silicones are probably irreplaceable in maxillofacial prosthetics, improvements in terms of base materials, additives, surface treatments, and maintenance are possible and necessary for long-lasting and safer prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Irina Gradinariu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Racles
- Department of Inorganic Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Stoica
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Gabriela Stelea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Andreea Simionescu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Elena Jehac
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Victor Vlad Costan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
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Kowalewska A, Majewska-Smolarek K. Self-Healing Antimicrobial Silicones-Mechanisms and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3945. [PMID: 37835994 PMCID: PMC10575179 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Organosilicon polymers (silicones) are an important part of material chemistry and a well-established commercial product segment with a wide range of applications. Silicones are of enduring interest due to their unique properties and utility. Recently, new application areas for silicone-based materials have emerged, such as stretchable electronics, wearable stress sensors, smart coatings, and soft robotics. For this reason, research interest over the past decade has been directed towards new methods of crosslinking and increasing the mechanical strength of polyorganosiloxanes. The introduction of self-healing mechanisms may be a promising alternative for such high-value materials. This approach has gained both growing research interest and a rapidly expanding range of applications. Inherent extrinsic and intrinsic self-healing methods have been used in the self-healing of silicones and have resulted in significant advances in polymer composites and coatings, including multicomponent systems. In this review, we present a summary of research work dedicated to the synthesis and applications of self-healing hybrid materials containing polysiloxane segments, with a focus on antimicrobial and antifouling coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
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Chauviat A, Meyer T, Favre-Bonté S. Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological roles of RND efflux pumps. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14639. [PMID: 37089375 PMCID: PMC10113797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S. maltophilia is a widely distributed bacterium found in natural, anthropized and clinical environments. The genome of this opportunistic pathogen of environmental origin includes a large number of genes encoding RND efflux pumps independently of the clinical or environmental origin of the strains. These pumps have been historically associated with the uptake of antibiotics and clinically relevant molecules because they confer resistance to many antibiotics. However, considering the environmental origin of S. maltophilia, the ecological role of these pumps needs to be clarified. RND efflux systems are highly conserved within bacteria and encountered both in pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Moreover, their evolutionary origin, conservation and multiple copies in bacterial genomes suggest a primordial role in cellular functions and environmental adaptation. This review is aimed at elucidating the ecological role of S. maltophilia RND efflux pumps in the environmental context and providing an exhaustive description of the environmental niches of S. maltophilia. By looking at the substrates and functions of the pumps, we propose different involvements and roles according to the adaptation of the bacterium to various niches. We highlight that i°) regulatory mechanisms and inducer molecules help to understand the conditions leading to their expression, and ii°) association and functional redundancy of RND pumps and other efflux systems demonstrate their complex role within S. maltophilia cells. These observations emphasize that RND efflux pumps play a role in the versatility of S. maltophilia.
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Nowacka M, Kowalewska A, Rygala A, Kregiel D, Kaczorowski W. Hybrid Bio-Based Silicone Coatings with Anti-adhesive Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1381. [PMID: 36837011 PMCID: PMC9961570 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid polysiloxanes and polysilsesquioxanes grafted with naturally occurring bioactive phytochemicals: eugenol and linalool, were synthesized and investigated with regard to their structure and properties. The two series of materials, differing in the type of inorganic structure and the content of active groups, were coated onto the surface of glass plates, and their antibiofilm activities against bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila were assessed by luminometry and fluorescence microscopy. Bioactivity was correlated with specific properties of the hybrid coatings (chemical structure, surface free energy and adhesiveness). The functionalized polysilsesquioxanes exhibited the most favorable anti-adhesive effects. Cell adhesion after 6 days of incubation, expressed as RLU/cm2, was significantly reduced (44 and 67 for, respectively, Z-E-100 and Z-L-100, compared to 517 for the control glass carrier). The surface stickiness of polysiloxane films deteriorated their anti-adhesion properties, despite the presence of a large amount of bioactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nowacka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Rygala
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Witold Kaczorowski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Aksoy N, Vatansever C, Zengin Ersoy G, Adakli Aksoy B, Fışgın T. The effect of biofilm inhibitor N-acetylcysteine on the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics used in Gram-negative bacteria in the biofilm developed on catheters. Int J Artif Organs 2022; 45:865-870. [PMID: 35861217 DOI: 10.1177/03913988221112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study determined the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the susceptibility of various antibiotics used to treat Gram-negative catheter-related infection in isolates obtained from pediatric patients admitted to the hematology and oncology department of Medical Park Bahçelievler hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Biofilms were created in vitro utilizing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, and Proteus mirabilis. 24 h old biofilms were developed on 96-well plate with strains and the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of six antibiotics were measured before and after the addition of 75 mg/ml N-acetylcysteine with microplate reader at 450 nm after crystal violet assay. The addition of NAC reduce the MBIC of cefepime, ceftazidime, colistin, meropenem from (16, 16, 8, 4 μg/ml) to (8, 4, 4, 2 μg/ml) respectively in E. coli (isolate 1). In P. aeruginosa (isolate 4), the MBIC of amikacin, ceftazidime, meropenem (64, 32, and 32 μg/ml) reduced to (8, 1, and 0.5 μg/ml) respectively. MBIC of cefepime, colistin, meropenem (32, 16,and 16 μg/ml) reduced to (2, 2,and 0.5 μg/ml) respectively in P. putida (isolate 5). In P. mirabilis (isolate 6), MBIC of amikacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, colisitin and meropenem (64, 128, 32, 4, and 32 μg/ml) reduced to (8, 8, 1, 1, 4 μg/ml). NAC in combination therapy can practically reduce the MBIC of antibiotics used to treat Gram negative bacteria that develop biofilm in medical catheters. As a result, these combinations can be considered as an essential alternative for increasing the antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms and thus increasing treatment success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Aksoy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Altinbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Vatansever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Altinbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Zengin Ersoy
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Bahçelievler Medical Park Hospital, Altinbas University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Adakli Aksoy
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Bahçelievler Medical Park Hospital, Altinbas University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tunç Fışgın
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Bahçelievler Medical Park Hospital, Altinbas University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abo-Dya NE, Agha KA, Abbas HA, Abu-Kull ME, Alahmdi MI, Osman NA. Hybrid N-Acylcysteines as Dual-Acting Matrix Disruptive and Anti-Quorum Sensing Agents Fighting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies, and In Vitro Assays. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19879-19891. [PMID: 35721927 PMCID: PMC9202021 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms facilitate the pathogenesis of life-threatening Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections by coating mucosal surfaces or invasive devices and offer protection from antimicrobial therapy and the host immune response, thus increasing mortality rates and financial burden. Herein, new hybrid N-acylcysteines (NAC) incorporating selected acyl groups from organic acids and their derivatives, which are capable of quenching pathogen quorum sensing (QS) systems, were designed and their antibiofilm activity and anti-QS were evaluated. N-acylcysteines (4a-h) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and their purity was confirmed by elemental analyses. N-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-l-cysteine (4d) and N-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-l-cysteine (4h) showed a higher antibiofilm activity against PAO1 biofilms than the rest of the targets and the standard NAC. They showed 83 and 82% inhibition of biofilms at 5 mM and eradicated mature biofilms at 20 mM concentrations (NAC biofilm inhibition = 66% at 10 mM and minimum biofilm eradication concentration = 40 mM). This was confirmed via visualizing adherent biofilm cells on catheter pieces using scanning electron microscopy. In the same vein, both 4d and 4h showed the highest docking score with the QS signal receptor protein LasR (-7.8), which was much higher than that of NAC (-5) but less than the score of the natural agonist N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine (OdDHL) (-8.5). Target 4h (5 mM) decreased the expression of quorum sensing encoding genes in P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain by 53% for pslA, 47% for lasI and lasR, and 29% for filC, lowered PAO1 pyocyanin production by 76.43%, completely blocked the proteolytic activity of PAO1, and did not affect PAO1 cell viability. Targets 4d and 4h may find applications for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-mediated P. aeruginosa local infections of the skin, eye, and wounds. N-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)-l-cysteine 4h is a promising dual-acting matrix disruptive and anti-QS antibiofilm agent for further investigation and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader E. Abo-Dya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- ,
| | - Khalid A. Agha
- Department
of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Hisham A. Abbas
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mansour E. Abu-Kull
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Issa Alahmdi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermine A. Osman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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From the Physicochemical Characteristic of Novel Hesperetin Hydrazone to Its In Vitro Antimicrobial Aspects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030845. [PMID: 35164110 PMCID: PMC8839478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are able to give rise to biofilm formation on food matrixes and along food industry infrastructures or medical equipment. This growth may be reduced by the application of molecules preventing bacterial adhesion on these surfaces. A new Schiff base ligand, derivative of hesperetin, HABH (2-amino-N'-(2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-ylidene)benzohydrazide), and its copper complex, CuHABH [CuLH2(OAc)], were designed, synthesized and analyzed in terms of their structure and physicochemical properties, and tested as antibacterial agents. Their structures both in a solid state and in solution were established using several methods: FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-Vis, FAB MS, EPR, ESI-MS and potentiometry. Coordination binding of the copper(II) complex dominating at the physiological pH region in the solution was found to be the same as that detected in the solid state. Furthermore, the interaction between the HABH and CuHABH with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated. These interactions were tracked by UV-Vis, CD (circular dichroism) and spectrofluorimetry. The results indicate a stronger interaction of the CuHABH with the CT-DNA than the HABH. It can be assumed that the nature of the interactions is of the intercalating type, but in the high concentration range, the complex can bind to the DNA externally to phosphate residues or to a minor/major groove. The prepared compounds possess antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Their antagonistic activity depends on the factor-strain test system. The glass was selected as a model surface for the experiments on antibiofilm activity. The adhesion of bacterial cells to the glass surface in the presence of the compounds was traced by luminometry and the best antiadhesive action against both bacterial strains was detected for the CuHABH complex. This molecule may play a crucial role in disrupting exopolymers (DNA/proteins) in biofilm formation and can be used to prevent bacterial adhesion especially on glass equipment.
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Phuengmaung P, Panpetch W, Singkham-In U, Chatsuwan T, Chirathaworn C, Leelahavanichkul A. Presence of Candida tropicalis on Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms Facilitated Biofilm Production and Candida Dissemination: An Impact of Fungi on Bacterial Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:763239. [PMID: 34746032 PMCID: PMC8569676 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.763239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) is a common cause of infections in implanted prostheses and other indwelling devices, partly due to the biofilm formation, Candida tropicalis (CT) is an emerging Candida spp. with a potent biofilm-producing property. Due to the possible coexistence between SE and CT infection in the same patient, characteristics of the polymicrobial biofilms from both organisms might be different from those of the biofilms of each organism. Then, the exploration on biofilms, from SE with or without CT, and an evaluation on l-cysteine (an antibiofilm against both bacteria and fungi) were performed. As such, Candida incubation in preformed SE biofilms (SE > CT) produced higher biofilms than the single- (SE or CT) or mixed-organism (SE + CT) biofilms as determined by crystal violet staining and fluorescent confocal images with z-stack thickness analysis. In parallel, SE > CT biofilms demonstrated higher expression of icaB and icaC than other groups at 20 and 24 h of incubation, suggesting an enhanced matrix polymerization and transportation, respectively. Although organism burdens (culture method) from single-microbial biofilms (SE or CT) were higher than multi-organism biofilms (SE + CT and SE > CT), macrophage cytokine responses (TNF-α and IL-6) against SE > CT biofilms were higher than those in other groups in parallel to the profound biofilms in SE > CT. Additionally, sepsis severity in mice with subcutaneously implanted SE > CT catheters was more severe than in other groups as indicated by mortality rate, fungemia, serum cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and kidney and liver injury. Although CT grows upon preformed SE-biofilm production, the biofilm structures interfered during CT morphogenesis leading to the frailty of biofilm structure and resulting in the prominent candidemia. However, l-cysteine incubation together with the organisms in catheters reduced biofilms, microbial burdens, macrophage responses, and sepsis severity. In conclusion, SE > CT biofilms prominently induced biofilm matrix, fungemia, macrophage responses, and sepsis severity, whereas the microbial burdens were lower than in the single-organism biofilms. All biofilms were attenuated by l-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wimonrat Panpetch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uthaibhorn Singkham-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine, Rhamnolipids, and Usnic Acid-Novel Approaches to Fight Food-Borne Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111307. [PMID: 34768739 PMCID: PMC8583417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the food industry, the increasing antimicrobial resistance of food-borne pathogens to conventional sanitizers poses the risk of food contamination and a decrease in product quality and safety. Therefore, we explored alternative antimicrobials N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), rhamnolipids (RLs), and usnic acid (UA) as a novel approach to prevent biofilm formation and reduce existing biofilms formed by important food-borne pathogens (three strains of Salmonella enterica and two strains of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus). Their effectiveness was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations needed for inhibition of bacterial growth, biofilm formation, metabolic activity, and biofilm reduction. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy followed by image analysis were used to visualize and quantify the impact of tested substances on both planktonic and biofilm-associated cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the substances was determined as a half-maximal inhibitory concentration in five different cell lines. The results indicate relatively low cytotoxic effects of NAC in comparison to RLs and UA. In addition, NAC inhibited bacterial growth for all strains, while RLs showed overall lower inhibition and UA inhibited only the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Even though tested substances did not remove the biofilms, NAC represents a promising tool in biofilm prevention.
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10
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Comino-Sanz IM, López-Franco MD, Castro B, Pancorbo-Hidalgo PL. The Role of Antioxidants on Wound Healing: A Review of the Current Evidence. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163558. [PMID: 34441854 PMCID: PMC8397081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the preparation of the normal wound healing response. Therefore, a correct balance between low or high levels of ROS is essential. Antioxidant dressings that regulate this balance are a target for new therapies. The purpose of this review is to identify the compounds with antioxidant properties that have been tested for wound healing and to summarize the available evidence on their effects. (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted and included any study that evaluated the effects or mechanisms of antioxidants in the healing process (in vitro, animal models or human studies). (3) Results: Seven compounds with antioxidant activity were identified (Curcumin, N-acetyl cysteine, Chitosan, Gallic Acid, Edaravone, Crocin, Safranal and Quercetin) and 46 studies reporting the effects on the healing process of these antioxidants compounds were included. (4) Conclusions: this review offers a map of the research on some of the antioxidant compounds with potential for use as wound therapies and basic research on redox balance and oxidative stress in the healing process. Curcumin, NAC, quercetin and chitosan are the antioxidant compounds that shown some initial evidence of efficacy, but more research in human is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés María Comino-Sanz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (M.D.L.-F.); (P.L.P.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-953213627
| | - María Dolores López-Franco
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (M.D.L.-F.); (P.L.P.-H.)
| | - Begoña Castro
- Histocell S.L., Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - Pedro Luis Pancorbo-Hidalgo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (M.D.L.-F.); (P.L.P.-H.)
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Cozma V, Rosca I, Radulescu L, Martu C, Nastasa V, Varganici CD, Ursu EL, Doroftei F, Pinteala M, Racles C. Antibacterial Polysiloxane Polymers and Coatings for Cochlear Implants. Molecules 2021; 26:4892. [PMID: 34443480 PMCID: PMC8399987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within this study, new materials were synthesized and characterized based on polysiloxane modified with different ratios of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and crosslinked via UV-assisted thiol-ene addition, in order to obtain efficient membranes able to resist bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. These membranes were subjected to in vitro testing for microbial adherence against S. pneumoniae using standardized tests. WISTAR rats were implanted for 4 weeks with crosslinked siloxane samples without and with NAC. A set of physical characterization methods was employed to assess the chemical structure and morphological aspects of the new synthetized materials before and after contact with the microbiological medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Cozma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.C.); (L.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Irina Rosca
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.R.); (C.-D.V.); (E.-L.U.); (F.D.)
| | - Luminita Radulescu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.C.); (L.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristian Martu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.C.); (L.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Valentin Nastasa
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 8 Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristian-Dragos Varganici
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.R.); (C.-D.V.); (E.-L.U.); (F.D.)
| | - Elena-Laura Ursu
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.R.); (C.-D.V.); (E.-L.U.); (F.D.)
| | - Florica Doroftei
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.R.); (C.-D.V.); (E.-L.U.); (F.D.)
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.R.); (C.-D.V.); (E.-L.U.); (F.D.)
| | - Carmen Racles
- Department of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen of significant concern to susceptible patient populations. This pathogen can cause nosocomial and community-acquired respiratory and bloodstream infections and various other infections in humans. Sources include water, plant rhizospheres, animals, and foods. Studies of the genetic heterogeneity of S. maltophilia strains have identified several new genogroups and suggested adaptation of this pathogen to its habitats. The mechanisms used by S. maltophilia during pathogenesis continue to be uncovered and explored. S. maltophilia virulence factors include use of motility, biofilm formation, iron acquisition mechanisms, outer membrane components, protein secretion systems, extracellular enzymes, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. S. maltophilia is intrinsically drug resistant to an array of different antibiotics and uses a broad arsenal to protect itself against antimicrobials. Surveillance studies have recorded increases in drug resistance for S. maltophilia, prompting new strategies to be developed against this opportunist. The interactions of this environmental bacterium with other microorganisms are being elucidated. S. maltophilia and its products have applications in biotechnology, including agriculture, biocontrol, and bioremediation.
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13
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Kim ES, Ha JH, Choi J. Biological fixed-film systems. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:491-501. [PMID: 32866339 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The technical papers published in 2019 regarding wastewater treatment and microbial films were classified into two categories: biofilm and biofilm reactors. The biofilm category includes biofilm formation, biofilm consortia, bacterial signals, biofouling, extracellular polymeric substances, and biofilm membrane bioreactors. The biofilm reactors category provides recent information on rotating biological contactors, fluidized-bed biofilm reactors, integrated fixed-film activated sludge, moving-bed biofilm reactors, packed-bed biofilm reactors, sequencing biofilm batch reactors, and trickling filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sik Kim
- Department of Environmental System Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ha
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Korea
| | - Jeongdong Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Korea
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14
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New Antiadhesive Hydrophobic Polysiloxanes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040814. [PMID: 33557279 PMCID: PMC7914690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic hydrophobicity is the reason for efficient bacterial settlement and biofilm growth on silicone materials. Those unwelcomed phenomena may play an important role in pathogen transmission. We have proposed an approach towards the development of new anti-biofilm strategies that resulted in novel antimicrobial hydrophobic silicones. Those functionalized polysiloxanes grafted with side 2-(carboxymethylthioethyl)-, 2-(n-propylamidomethylthioethyl)- and 2-(mercaptoethylamidomethylthioethyl)- groups showed a wide range of antimicrobial properties towards selected strains of bacteria (reference strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and water-borne isolates Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Aeromonas hydrophila), fungi (Aureobasidium pullulans) and algae (Chlorella vulgaris), which makes them valuable antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. Tested microorganisms showed various levels of biofilm formation, but particularly effective antibiofilm activity was demonstrated for bacterial isolate A. hydrophila with high adhesion abilities. In the case of modified surfaces, the relative coefficient of adhesion for this strain was 18 times lower in comparison to the control glass sample.
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15
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Thomas SG, Abajorga M, Glover MA, Wengert PC, Parthasarathy A, Savka MA, Wadsworth CB, Shipman PA, Hudson AO. Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669-Potential Zoonotic Pathogens Isolated from Spotted Turtles. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111805. [PMID: 33212916 PMCID: PMC7698337 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century, and biofilm formation enables bacteria to resist antibiotic at much higher concentrations than planktonic cells. Earlier, we showed that the Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669 (closely related to C. freundii NBRC 12681) from infected spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata), formed biofilms and upregulated toxin expression on plastic surfaces, and were predicted to possess multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Here, we show that they each resist several antibiotics in the planktonic phase, but were susceptible to neomycin, and high concentrations of tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. The susceptibility of their biofilms to neomycin and cotrimoxazole was tested using the Calgary device. For A. hydrophila, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 500-1000, and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 32.3-62.5, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. For C. freundii MIC = 7.8-15.6, and, MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 7.8, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. Both A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis activated an acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) dependent biosensor, suggesting that quorum sensing could mediate biofilm formation. Their multidrug resistance in the planktonic form, and weak biofilm eradication even with neomycin and cotrimoxazole, indicate that A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis are potential zoonotic pathogens, with risks for patients living with implants.
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16
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Simultaneous improvement of ketoconazole solubility, antifungal and antibiofilm activity by multicomponent complexation. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:701-712. [PMID: 32967581 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A novel multicomponent complex (MC) of ketoconazole (KET) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was developed with the purpose of improving the solubility as well as the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of KET against Candida albicans. Results & methodology: The interactions among the components were studied using nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal analysis, powder x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Phase-solubility studies demonstrated a considerable increase in the solubility of the MC. An enhancement in antibiofilm and antifungal activity of MC was determined against C. albicans by XTT assay and microbiological studies. Conclusion: This MC, with improvements in the drug pharmaceutical performance, might have an important potential in the development of new pharmaceutical formulations of KET.
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Wasfi R, Hamed SM, Amer MA, Fahmy LI. Proteus mirabilis Biofilm: Development and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:414. [PMID: 32923408 PMCID: PMC7456845 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram negative bacterium that is a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Its ability to cause such infections is mostly related to the formation of biofilms on catheter surfaces. In order to form biofilms, P. mirabilis expresses a number of virulence factors. Such factors may include adhesion proteins, quorum sensing molecules, lipopolysaccharides, efflux pumps, and urease enzyme. A unique feature of P. mirabilis biofilms that build up on catheter surfaces is their crystalline nature owing to their ureolytic biomineralization. This leads to catheter encrustation and blockage and, in most cases, is accompanied by urine retention and ascending UTIs. Bacteria embedded in crystalline biofilms become highly resistant to conventional antimicrobials as well as the immune system. Being refractory to antimicrobial treatment, alternative approaches for eradicating P. mirabilis biofilms have been sought by many studies. The current review focuses on the mechanism by which P. mirabilis biofilms are formed, and a state of the art update on preventing biofilm formation and reduction of mature biofilms. These treatment approaches include natural, and synthetic compounds targeting virulence factors and quorum sensing, beside other strategies that include carrier-mediated diffusion of antimicrobials into biofilm matrix. Bacteriophage therapy has also shown successful results in vitro for combating P. mirabilis biofilms either merely through their lytic effect or by acting as facilitators for antimicrobials diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Samira M Hamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A Amer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Ismail Fahmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Expression of a Shiga-Like Toxin during Plastic Colonization by Two Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter freundii RIT669, Isolated from Endangered Turtles ( Clemmys guttata). Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081172. [PMID: 32752245 PMCID: PMC7465454 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter freundii RIT669 were isolated from endangered spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata). Whole-genome sequencing, annotation and phylogenetic analyses of the genomes revealed that the closest relative of RIT668 is A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 and Citrobacter portucalensis A60 for RIT669. Resistome analysis showed that A. hydrophila and C. freundii harbor six and 19 different antibiotic resistance genes, respectively. Both bacteria colonize polyethylene and polypropylene, which are common plastics, found in the environment and are used to fabricate medical devices. The expression of six biofilm-related genes—biofilm peroxide resistance protein (bsmA), biofilm formation regulatory protein subunit R (bssR), biofilm formation regulatory protein subunit S (bssS), biofilm formation regulator (hmsP), toxin-antitoxin biofilm protein (tabA) and transcriptional activator of curli operon (csgD)—and two virulence factors—Vi antigen-related gene (viaB) and Shiga-like toxin (slt-II)—was investigated by RT-PCR. A. hydrophila displayed a > 2-fold increase in slt-II expression in cells adhering to both polymers, C. freundii adhering on polyethylene displayed a > 2-fold, and on polypropylene a > 6-fold upregulation of slt-II. Thus, the two new isolates are potential pathogens owing to their drug resistance, surface colonization and upregulation of a slt-II-type diarrheal toxin on polymer surfaces.
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NO Candida auris: Nitric Oxide in Nanotherapeutics to Combat Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020085. [PMID: 32545506 PMCID: PMC7344485 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging pathogenic fungal species that is especially worrisome due to its high mortality rates and widespread antifungal resistance. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO) nanoparticles on Candida species, and, to our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the antifungal effects of a NO-generating nanoparticle on C. auris. Six C. auris strains were incubated with a nanoparticle (NAC-SNO-np), which releases N-acetylcysteine S-nitrosothiol (NAC-SNO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and generates NO, through colony forming unit (CFU) assays, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. NAC-SNO-np effectively eradicates planktonic and biofilm C. auris. Across all six strains, 10 mg/mL NAC-SNO-np significantly reduced the number of CFUs (p < 0.05) and demonstrated a >70% decrease in biofilm viability (p < 0.05). NAC-SNO-np effectively eradicates planktonic C. auris and significantly reduces C. auris biofilm formation. Hence, this novel NO-releasing nanoparticle shows promise as a future therapeutic.
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Abstract
Farnesol is a natural sesquiterpenoid and an interesting quorum-sensing molecule. Its insolubility in water is the biggest obstacle to its application for bacterial biofilm treatments since it compromises the bioavailability. Recently, an increasing interest in farnesol encapsulation or loading in polymeric materials may be noted due to the prolonged action of the active macromolecular systems. In this short review, we present an overview of methods leading to improved interactions between farnesol and microbial biofilms.
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Yang C, Mavelli GV, Nacharaju P, Li K, Cleare LG, Nosanchuk JD, Friedman JM, Abuzeid WM. Novel nitric oxide-generating platform using manuka honey as an anti-biofilm strategy in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 10:223-232. [PMID: 31834677 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial biofilms are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key immune effector with potent antimicrobial effects, but a short half-life limits achievement of therapeutic concentrations. We hypothesized that manuka honey (MH) could induce sustained reduction of nitrite to NO causing biofilm disruption and that this effect would be enhanced with the addition of a NO-releasing microparticle. METHODS Porous organosilica microparticles containing nitrosylated thiol groups were formulated (SNO-MP). MH was combined with serial dilutions of nitrite. NO release was evaluated using a NO analyzer. The susceptibility of 2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to these NO-releasing platforms was evaluated using confocal microscopy. Cell viability and biofilm volume were quantified. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS software. RESULTS MH with nitrite generated a linear increase in NO formation. SNO-MP induced a bolus release of NO within 5 minutes, followed by a sustained plateau phase. MH with nitrite combined with SNO-MP enhanced NO release during the plateau phase. MH with nitrite reduced biofilm live cells and volume by 88.5% to 96.9% and 95.1% to 95.6%, respectively, vs control (p < 0.0001). SNO-MP reduced live cells and volume by 61.0% to 98.5% and 74.7% to 85.7%, respectively, vs control (p < 0.0001). MH with nitrite combined with SNO-MP nearly eradicated biofilm, with a 98.3% to 99.8% (log 1.8-2.6) reduction in viability and a 91.4% to 97.7% decrease in volume (p < 0.0001 vs control). CONCLUSION A novel platform that generates NO using MH and nitrite produces a potent anti-biofilm effect, which can be further enhanced with the addition of SNO-MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherina Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Parimala Nacharaju
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Kevin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Levi G Cleare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Joel M Friedman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Waleed M Abuzeid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Flores-Treviño S, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, Camacho-Ortiz A, Morfín-Otero R, Salazar-Sesatty HA, Garza-González E. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm: its role in infectious diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:877-893. [PMID: 31658838 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1685875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Infections caused by the opportunistic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pathogen in immunocompromised patients are complicated to treat due to antibiotic resistance and the ability of the bacteria to produce biofilm.Areas covered: A MEDLINE/PubMed search was performed of available literature to describe the role of biofilm produced by S. maltophilia in the diseases it causes, including biofilm-influencing factors, the biofilm forming process and composition. The antimicrobial resistance due to S. maltophilia biofilm production and current antibiofilm strategies is also included.Expert opinion: Through the production of biofilm, S. maltophilia strains can easily adhere to the surfaces in hospital settings and aid in its transmission. The biofilm can also cause antibiotic tolerance rendering some of the therapeutic options ineffective, causing setbacks in the selection of an appropriate treatment. Conventional susceptibility tests do not yet offer therapeutic guidelines to treat biofilm-associated infections. Current S. maltophilia biofilm control strategies include natural and synthetic compounds, chelating agents, and commonly prescribed antibiotics. As biofilm age and matrix composition affect the level of antibiotic tolerance, their characterization should be included in biofilm susceptibility testing, in addition to molecular and proteomic analyzes. As for now, several commonly recommended antibiotics can be used to treat biofilm-related S. maltophilia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Flores-Treviño
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty
- Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
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