1
|
Kuroiwa M, Hamaoka-Fuse S, Sugimoto M, Kurosawa Y, Aita Y, Tomita A, Anjo M, Tanaka R, Endo T, Kime R, Hamaoka T. Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112339. [PMID: 34071816 PMCID: PMC8199240 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, including branched-chain AAs, and brown adipose tissue density (BAT-d). One hundred and seventy-three subjects (69 men, 104 women) aged 22-68 years were recruited during the winter season. AAs were comprehensively quantified using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, was assessed using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Anthropometric parameters, including age, percentage of body fat, and visceral fat, were evaluated. Factors associated with higher (≥74 µM) or lower (<74 µM) [total-Hb]sup were investigated by multiple logistic regression models that included AA concentrations alone (model 1) or AA concentrations and anthropometric parameters (model 2) as independent variables. When adjusted for the false discovery rate, [total-Hb]sup was positively correlated with glycine and asparagine levels in men and with the serine level in both men and women and was negatively correlated with the branched-chain AA concentration in men. Models 1 and 2 correlated with higher or lower BAT-d for men (r = 0.73, p = 0.015) and women (r = 0.58, p = 0.079) and for men (r = 0.82, p = 0.0070) and women (r = 0.70, p = 0.020), respectively. A combination of anthropometric parameters and plasma AA concentrations could be a reliable biomarker for higher and lower BAT-d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Sayuri Hamaoka-Fuse
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Yasuko Aita
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsumi Tomita
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Mikiko Anjo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Riki Tanaka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism. Biochem J 2020; 477:1261-1286. [PMID: 32271883 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092676. [PMID: 32887379 PMCID: PMC7551765 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsinoids are some of the most promising ingredients to increase energy expenditure (EE) due to brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of prolonged capsinoid ingestion (CI) on BAT activity and resting EE (REE) in healthy, middle-aged, normal to overweight subjects (Subhealthy) with distinct BAT characteristics. We examined the changes in BAT density (BAT-d), using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy, and REE/kg induced by daily CI. Forty Subhealthy [age, 43.8 (mean) years; BMI, 25.4 kg/m2] received either capsinoid (9 mg/day) or a placebo daily for 6 weeks in a double-blind design. Total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, and REE/kg were measured. The changes in post-intervention [total-Hb]sup were greater in the capsinoid group (CA-G) than in the placebo group (PL-G) [5.8 µM (+12.4%) versus 1.0 µM (+2.1%); p = 0.017]. There was a significant relationship between BAT-d and REE/kg; however, post-supplementation REE/kg was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.228). In the overweight subgroup, changes in REE/kg were greater in the CA-G than in the PL-G [0.6 cal/kg/min (+4.3%) versus -0.3 cal/kg/min (-2.1%); p = 0.021]. CI enhanced [total-Hb]sup, a reflection of BAT-d, showing a good correlation with REE in Subhealthy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tanaka R, Fuse S, Kuroiwa M, Amagasa S, Endo T, Ando A, Kime R, Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T. Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2796. [PMID: 32325644 PMCID: PMC7216014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in adaptive thermogenesis in response to cold environments and dietary intake via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. It is unclear whether physical activity increases BAT density (BAT-d). Two-hundred ninety-eight participants (age: 41.2 ± 12.1 (mean ± standard deviation), height: 163.6 ± 8.3 cm, weight: 60.2 ± 11.0 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2, body fat percentage: 25.4 ± 7.5%) without smoking habits were categorized based on their physical activity levels (a group performing physical activities including walking and moderate physical activity (WM) and a group performing WM + vigorous-intensity physical activities (VWM)). We measured the total hemoglobin concentration ([Total-Hb]) in the supraclavicular region, an index of BAT-d, and anthropometric parameters. [Total-Hb] was significantly higher in VWM than WM for all participant groups presumably owing to SNS activation during vigorous-intensity physical activities, and unrelated to the amount of total physical activity levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that BAT-d was related to visceral fat area and VWM in men and related to body fat percentage in women. We conclude that vigorous-intensity physical activities are associated with high BAT-d in humans, especially in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riki Tanaka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.); (T.E.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sayuri Fuse
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.); (T.E.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.); (T.E.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan;
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.); (T.E.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Akira Ando
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan;
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.); (T.E.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.); (T.E.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.); (T.E.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Relationships between plasma lipidomic profiles and brown adipose tissue density in humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1387-1396. [PMID: 32127643 PMCID: PMC7260127 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background/objectives The thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is generally activated in winter and tightly regulated through various metabolic processes. However, the mechanisms mediating these changes have not been elucidated in humans. Here, we investigated the relationships between BAT density (BAT-d) and lipid metabolites in plasma from men and women in the winter and summer. Subjects/methods In total, 92 plasma samples were obtained from 23 men and 23 women, aged 21–55 years, on two different occasions (summer and winter). Lipid metabolites were comprehensively quantified using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. BAT-d was evaluated by measuring total hemoglobin concentrations in the supraclavicular region using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Anthropometric parameters, such as the percentage of whole body fat and visceral fat area (VFA), were evaluated. Factors influencing BAT-d were investigated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results A variety of metabolite peaks, such as glycerophospholipids (168 peaks), steroids and derivatives (78 peaks), fatty acyls (62 peaks), and glycerolipids (31 peaks), were detected. Univariate regression analysis, corrected by false discovery rate to yield Q values, revealed significant correlations in BAT-d and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE(46:2), r = 0.62, Q = 4.9 × 10−2) in the summer, androgens (r = 0.75, Q = 7.0 × 10−3) in the winter, and diacylglycerol (DG(36:1), r = −0.68, Q = 4.9 × 10−2) in the summer in men, but not in women. Multivariate regression analysis in the winter revealed a significant correlation between BAT-d and plasma androgens (P = 5.3 × 10−5) in men and between BAT-d and VFA (P = 2.2 × 10−3) in women. Conclusions Certain lipids in plasma showed unique correlations with BAT-d depending on sex and season. BAT-d showed a specific correlation with plasma androgens in men in the winter.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamaoka T, Nirengi S, Fuse S, Amagasa S, Kime R, Kuroiwa M, Endo T, Sakane N, Matsushita M, Saito M, Yoneshiro T, Kurosawa Y. Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy for Assessing Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:261. [PMID: 32508746 PMCID: PMC7249345 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) mediates adaptive thermogenesis upon food intake and cold exposure, thus potentially contributing to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) (18FDG-PET/CT) is a standard method for assessing BAT activity and volume in humans. 18FDG-PET/CT has several limitations, including high device cost and ionizing radiation and acute cold exposure necessary to maximally stimulate BAT activity. In contrast, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used for measuring changes in O2-dependent light absorption in the tissue in a non-invasive manner, without using radiation. Among NIRS, time-resolved NIRS (NIRTRS) can quantify the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb], respectively) by emitting ultrashort (100 ps) light pulses and counts photons, which are scattered and absorbed in the tissue. The basis for assessing BAT density (BAT-d) using NIRTRS is that the vascular density in the supraclavicular region, as estimated using Hb concentration, is higher in BAT than in white adipose tissue. In contrast, relatively low-cost continuous wavelength NIRS (NIRCWS) is employed for measuring relative changes in oxygenation in tissues. In this review, we provide evidence for the validity of NIRTRS and NIRCWS in estimating human BAT characteristics. The indicators (IndNIRS) examined were [oxy-Hb]sup, [deoxy-Hb]sup, total hemoglobin [total-Hb]sup, Hb O2 saturation (StO2sup), and reduced scattering coefficient ( μs sup' ) in the supraclavicular region, as determined by NIRTRS, and relative changes in corresponding parameters, as determined by NIRCWS. The evidence comprises the relationships between the IndNIRS investigated and those determined by 18FDG-PET/CT; the correlation between the IndNIRS and cold-induced thermogenesis; the relationship of the IndNIRS to parameters measured by 18FDG-PET/CT, which responded to seasonal temperature fluctuations; the relationship of the IndNIRS and plasma lipid metabolites; the analogy of the IndNIRS to chronological and anthropometric data; and changes in the IndNIRS following thermogenic food supplementation. The [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup determined by NIRTRS, but not parameters determined by NIRCWS, exhibited significant correlations with cold-induced thermogenesis parameters and plasma androgens in men in winter or analogies to 18FDG-PET. We conclude that NIRTRS can provide useful information for assessing BAT-d in a simple, rapid, non-invasive way, although further validation study is still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takafumi Hamaoka
| | - Shinsuke Nirengi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sayuri Fuse
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Saito
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|