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Huai Q, Zhu C, Zhang X, Dai H, Li X, Wang H. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells armored by FGF21 ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury through modulating polarization of macrophages. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0410. [PMID: 38551384 PMCID: PMC10984668 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major health care challenge worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Although mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a newly emerging therapeutic approach to treat ALD, thus far, there have been extensive efforts to try and enhance their efficacy, including genetically engineering MSCs. FGF21, an endocrine stress-responsive hormone, has been shown to regulate energy balance, glucose, and lipid metabolism and to enhance the homing of MSCs toward injured sites. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether MSCs that overexpress FGF21 (FGF21-MSCs) improve the therapeutic effect of MSCs in treating ALD. METHODS Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs served as the gene delivery vehicle for the FGF21 gene. Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were transduced with the FGF21 gene using lentiviral vectors to mediate FGF21 overexpression. We utilized both chronic Lieber-DeCarli and Gao-binge models of ethanol-induced liver injury to observe the therapeutic effect of FGF21-MSCs. Liver injury was phenotypically evaluated by performing biochemical methods, histology, and inflammatory cytokine levels. RESULTS Compared with MSCs alone, administration of MSCs overexpressing FGF21(FGF21-MSCs) treatment significantly enhanced the therapeutic effect of ALD in mice, as indicated by the alleviation of liver injury with reduced steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, oxidative stress, and hepatic apoptosis, and the promotion of liver regeneration. Mechanistically, FGF21 could facilitate the immunomodulatory function of MSCs on macrophages by setting metabolic commitment for oxidative phosphorylation, which enables macrophages to exhibit anti-inflammatory inclination. CONCLUSIONS Our data elucidate that MSC modification by FGF21 could enhance their therapeutic effect in ALD and may help in the exploration of effective MSCs-based cell therapies for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huai
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune-mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune-mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune-mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanren Dai
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune-mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune-mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune-mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Liu J, Qi L, Bao S, Yan F, Chen J, Yu S, Dong C. The acute spinal cord injury microenvironment and its impact on the homing of mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114682. [PMID: 38199509 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly debilitating condition that inflicts devastating harm on the lives of affected individuals, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatments. By activating inflammatory cells and releasing inflammatory factors, the secondary injury response creates an inflammatory microenvironment that ultimately determines whether neurons will undergo necrosis or regeneration. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered increasing attention for their therapeutic potential in SCI. MSCs not only possess multipotent differentiation capabilities but also have homing abilities, making them valuable as carriers and mediators of therapeutic agents. The inflammatory microenvironment induced by SCI recruits MSCs to the site of injury through the release of various cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes. However, this mechanism has not been previously reported. Thus, a comprehensive exploration of the molecular mechanisms and cellular behaviors underlying the interplay between the inflammatory microenvironment and MSC homing is crucial. Such insights have the potential to provide a better understanding of how to harness the therapeutic potential of MSCs in treating inflammatory diseases and facilitating injury repair. This review aims to delve into the formation of the inflammatory microenvironment and how it influences the homing of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Longju Qi
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengzhe Bao
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fangsu Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Do PT, Chuang DM, Wu CC, Huang CZ, Chen YH, Kang SJ, Chiang YH, Hu CJ, Chen KY. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing FGF21 Preserve Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01196-8. [PMID: 37783839 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a prominent pathophysiological mechanism in stroke. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) preserves BBB integrity following ischemic stroke. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been shown to be a potent neuroprotective agent that reduces neuroinflammation and protects against BBB leakage. In this study, we assessed the effects of transplantation of MSCs overexpressing FGF21 (MSCs-FGF21) on ischemia-induced neurological deficits and BBB breakdown. MSCs-FGF21 was injected into the rat brain via the intracerebroventricular route 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. The behavioral performance was assessed using modified neurological severity scores and Y-maze tests. BBB disruption was measured using Evans blue staining, IgG extravasation, and brain water content. The levels of tight junction proteins, aquaporin 4, and neuroinflammatory markers were analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was determined using gelatin zymography. At day-5 after MCAO surgery, intraventricular injection of MSCs-FGF21 was found to significantly mitigate the neurological deficits and BBB disruption. The MCAO-induced loss of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5, and upregulation of the edema inducer, aquaporin 4, were also remarkably inhibited. In addition, brain infarct volume, pro-inflammatory protein expression, and MMP-9 activation were effectively suppressed. These MCAO-induced changes were only marginally improved by treatment with MSCs-mCherry, which did not overexpress FGF21. Overexpression of FGF21 dramatically improved the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in treating ischemic stroke. Given its multiple benefits and long therapeutic window, MSC-FGF21 therapy may be a promising treatment strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Do
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Zong Huang
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- The PhD Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Chen
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Jhen Kang
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- The PhD Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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Hu HJ, Xiao XR, Li T, Liu DM, Geng X, Han M, Cui W. Integrin beta 3-overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells display enhanced homing and can reduce atherosclerotic plaque. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:931-946. [PMID: 37900938 PMCID: PMC10600744 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i9.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord (UC) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a potential therapeutic intervention for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) promotes cell migration in several cell types. However, whether ITGB-modified MSCs can migrate to plaque sites in vivo and play an anti-atherosclerotic role remains unclear. AIM To investigate whether ITGB3-overexpressing MSCs (MSCsITGB3) would exhibit improved homing efficacy in atherosclerosis. METHODS UC MSCs were isolated and expanded. Lentiviral vectors encoding ITGB3 or green fluorescent protein (GFP) as control were transfected into MSCs. Sixty male apolipoprotein E-/- mice were acquired from Beijing Vital River Lab Animal Technology Co., Ltd and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk to induce the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. These HFD-fed mice were randomly separated into three clusters. GFP-labeled MSCs (MSCsGFP) or MSCsITGB3 were transplanted into the mice intravenously via the tail vein. Immunofluorescence staining, Oil red O staining, histological analyses, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for the analyses. RESULTS ITGB3 modified MSCs successfully differentiated into the "osteocyte" and "adipocyte" phenotypes and were characterized by positive expression (> 91.3%) of CD29, CD73, and CD105 and negative expression (< 1.35%) of CD34 and Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR. In a transwell assay, MSCsITGB3 showed significantly faster migration than MSCsGFP. ITGB3 overexpression had no effects on MSC viability, differentiation, and secretion. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that ITGB3 overexpression substantially enhanced the homing of MSCs to plaque sites. Oil red O staining and histological analyses further confirmed the therapeutic effects of MSCsITGB3, significantly reducing the plaque area. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that MSCITGB3 transplantation considerably decreased the inflammatory response in pathological tissues by improving the dynamic equilibrium of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION These results showed that ITGB3 overexpression enhanced the MSC homing ability, providing a potential approach for MSC delivery to plaque sites, thereby optimizing their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Juan Hu
- First Division, Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue-Ru Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tong Li
- First Division, Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - De-Min Liu
- First Division, Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue Geng
- First Division, Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mei Han
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei Cui
- First Division, Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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Yang ZL, Liang ZY, Lin YK, Lin FB, Rao J, Xu XJ, Wang CH, Chen CM. Efficacy of extracellular vesicles of different cell origins in traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147194. [PMID: 37065922 PMCID: PMC10090410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThere was still no effective treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, many preclinical studies had shown promising efficacy of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various cell sources. Our aim was to compare which cell-derived EVs were most effective in treating TBI through a network meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched four databases and screened various cell-derived EVs for use in preclinical studies of TBI treatment. A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted for two outcome indicators, modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and Morris Water Maze (MWM), and they were ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA). Bias risk assessment was performed with SYRCLE. R software (version 4.1.3, Boston, MA, USA) was used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 20 studies were included in this study, involving 383 animals. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (AEVs) ranked first in response to mNSS at day 1 (SUCRA: 0.26%), day 3 (SUCRA: 16.32%), and day 7 (SUCRA: 9.64%) post-TBI. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCEVs) were most effective in mNSS assessment on day 14 (SUCRA: 21.94%) and day 28 (SUCRA: 6.26%), as well as MWM’s escape latency (SUCRA: 6.16%) and time spent in the target quadrant (SUCRA: 86.52%). The result of mNSS analysis on day 21 showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NSCEVs) had the best curative effect (SUCRA: 6.76%).ConclusionAEVs may be the best choice to improve early mNSS recovery after TBI. The efficacy of MSCEVs may be the best in the late mNSS and MWM after TBI.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023377350.
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Huang W, Qiu W, Chen K, Ye S, Wang D, Hu J, Xu H, Lin L, Li X. Research progress of fibroblast growth factor in nervous system diseases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:738-749. [PMID: 36915973 PMCID: PMC10262007 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a group of structurally related polypeptides which constitute an elaborate signaling system with their receptors. Evidence accumulated in the years suggests that the FGF family plays a key role in the repair of central nervous system injury. The main protective mechanisms include activating the expression of PI3K-Akt, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and other signals; inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis; regulating neuronal differentiation and neuronal excitability as well as participating in protection of neurovascular units and nerve function repair. This paper comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in FGF signaling related to diseases of the central nervous system such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and depression, aiming to provide scientific basis and reference for the development of innovative FGF drugs for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Huang
- 1. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wanhua Qiu
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Chen
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Hu
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- 1. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Lin
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
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[Biological characteristics of sheep peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cell]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54. [PMID: 36533347 PMCID: PMC9761825 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain eripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) from sheep and rabbits by continuous mobilization of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and by comparing the success rates, cell yields and biological characteristics of the two sources of PBMSCs, and to provide the experimental basis for the preclinical study of PBMSCs transplantation to repair articular cartilage injury and cartilage tissue engineering. METHODS Through morphological characteristics, flow cytometry analysis of its surface markers, and induction of trilineage differentiation of the two cells in vitro (ie: adipogenic differentiation, osteogenic differentiation, chondrogenic differentiation), the obtained cells were finally confirmed to be PBMSCs. The colony-forming units (CFUs) and the acquisition success rates of the two PBMSCs were counted and compared, and the production of the second generation of the two PBMSCs was counted and compared by hemocytometer, and the cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the doubling time of the two PBMSCs, and the results of trilineage differentiation were quantitatively analyzed by image processing. RESULTS Microscopically, the PBMSCs of fusiform sheep and rabbits were arranged in fish group, and the second generation of sheep and rabbit PBMSCs expressed CD44 and CD90, but not CD34 and CD45. The induction of trilineage differentiation of the two cells in vitro were successful. The CFUs of primary sheep and rabbits PBMSCs were: 7.27±1.56, 5.73±1.62, and the success rate of acquisition of sheep and rabbits PBMSCs were 78.57% and 36.67%. The number of the second-generation sheep and rabbits PBMSCs that obtained per milliliter of peripheral blood were: 29 582±2 138, 26 732±2 286, and the cell doubling times (h) of the third-generation sheep and rabbits PBMSCs were: 22.32±0.28, 33.21±0.64, the cell doubling time (h) of the fourth generation sheep and rabbits PBMSCs were: 23.62±0.56, 35.30±0.38, and the quantitative lipid ratio of sheep and rabbit PBMSCs were: 7.77%±3.81%, 17.05%±1.52%, sheep and rabbit PBMSCs chondroglobus acid mucopolysaccharide positive ratios were: 11.67%±0.53%, 8.14%±0.57%. There were statistical differences among the above groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The continuous mobilization of G-CSF to obtain sheep PBMSCs is more efficient. Sheep PBMSCs have more abundant yield and stronger proliferation ability.Sheep PBMSCs can produce more acidic mucopolysaccharides and have lower adipogenic abi-lity under appropriate conditions. Sheep PBMSCs have good research prospects in repair of articular cartilage injury with autologous stem cell transplantation and preclinical animal in vivo experiment of cartilage tissue engineering.This experiment provides further experimental basis for this kind of research.
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Soares MBP, Gonçalves RGJ, Vasques JF, da Silva-Junior AJ, Gubert F, Santos GC, de Santana TA, Almeida Sampaio GL, Silva DN, Dominici M, Mendez-Otero R. Current Status of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:883378. [PMID: 35782379 PMCID: PMC9244712 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.883378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders include a wide spectrum of clinical conditions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. For these conditions, which affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, generally limited or no treatments are available, and cell-based therapies have been intensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Among the available cell types, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied but as yet no cell-based treatment exists for neurological disease. We review current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies for neurological diseases, as well as possible mechanisms of action that may be explored to hasten the development of new and effective treatments. We also discuss the challenges for culture conditions, quality control, and the development of potency tests, aiming to generate more efficient cell therapy products for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B. P. Soares
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata G. J. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Vasques
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir J. da Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Girlaine Café Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves de Santana
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Louise Almeida Sampaio
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Faruk EM, Fouad H, Hasan RAA, Taha NM, El-Shazly AM. Inhibition of gene expression and production of iNOS and TNF-α in experimental model of neurodegenerative disorders stimulated microglia by Soy nano-isoflavone/stem cell-exosomes. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101758. [PMID: 35182987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of soybean nano-isoflavone extract versus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular exosomes (BMSCs-EXs) in experimentally induced neurodegenerative diseases in rats (ND). In this study, 36 albino male rats were divided into four groups: Group I (control rats); Group II (induced neurodegenerative disease in rats by intraperitoneal injection of d-galactose (120 mg/kg/day for 2 months); Group III (ND-induced rats treated with nano-isoflavone in doses of 10 mg/kg by oral gavage for 3 months); and Group IV (ND-induced rats treated with a single dose injection of BMSCs-EXs. The effect of BMSCs-EXs was evaluated by cerebral oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, and mRNA gene expression quantitation for cerebral tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and GAPDH pathway-encoding genes by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Then, histopathological examination of the cerebral cortical tissues. Our results showed that BMSC-EXs were successfully isolated and characterized. d-galactose produced a significant rise in the number of damaged neurons, decreased cerebral superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, increased cerebral malondialdehyde levels, downregulated the cerebral TNF-α, and i-NOS pathway-encoding genes. Furthermore, BMSC-EXs and nano-isoflavone treatments repaired damaged cerebral tissue and recovered its function greatly following induction of neurodegenerative disease. Treatment with either MSCs-EXs or nano-isoflavones led to significant improvement in the histological findings, reversed the degenerative effect of d-galactose, and had a favorable therapeutic utility against d- galactose-induced neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mohamed Faruk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Fouad
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt; Galala University, Faculty of medicine, Suez Governorate, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abd Allah Hasan
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls; AFMG, Al-Azhar University Egypt
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10
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Peserico A, Di Berardino C, Russo V, Capacchietti G, Di Giacinto O, Canciello A, Camerano Spelta Rapini C, Barboni B. Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1414. [PMID: 35564123 PMCID: PMC9103829 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of nanoparticles (NPs) in the diagnostic and/or therapeutic sector is derived from their aptitude for navigating intra- and extracellular barriers successfully and to be spatiotemporally targeted. In this context, the optimization of NP delivery platforms is technologically related to the exploitation of the mechanisms involved in the NP-cell interaction. This review provides a detailed overview of the available technologies focusing on cell-NP interaction/detection by describing their applications in the fields of cancer and regenerative medicine. Specifically, a literature survey has been performed to analyze the key nanocarrier-impacting elements, such as NP typology and functionalization, the ability to tune cell interaction mechanisms under in vitro and in vivo conditions by framing, and at the same time, the imaging devices supporting NP delivery assessment, and consideration of their specificity and sensitivity. Although the large amount of literature information on the designs and applications of cell membrane-coated NPs has reached the extent at which it could be considered a mature branch of nanomedicine ready to be translated to the clinic, the technology applied to the biomimetic functionalization strategy of the design of NPs for directing cell labelling and intracellular retention appears less advanced. These approaches, if properly scaled up, will present diverse biomedical applications and make a positive impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Peserico
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.B.); (V.R.); (G.C.); (O.D.G.); (A.C.); (C.C.S.R.); (B.B.)
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11
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Mönch D, Koch J, Dahlke MH. Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells Fibroblasts with Benefits? CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Strategies to enhance immunomodulatory properties and reduce heterogeneity in mesenchymal stromal cells during ex vivo expansion. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:456-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Sim HJ, So HS, Poudel SB, Bhattarai G, Cho ES, Lee JC, Kook SH. Osteoblastic Wls Ablation Protects Mice from Total Body Irradiation-Induced Impairments in Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Aging Dis 2022; 14:919-936. [PMID: 37191410 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing irradiation (IR) causes bone marrow (BM) injury, with senescence and impaired self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and inhibiting Wnt signaling could enhance hematopoietic regeneration and survival against IR stress. However, the underlying mechanisms by which a Wnt signaling blockade modulates IR-mediated damage of BM HSCs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are not yet completely understood. We investigated the effects of osteoblastic Wntless (Wls) depletion on total body irradiation (TBI, 5 Gy)-induced impairments in hematopoietic development, MSC function, and the BM microenvironment using conditional Wls knockout mutant mice (Col-Cre;Wlsfl/fl) and their littermate controls (Wlsfl/fl). Osteoblastic Wls ablation itself did not dysregulate BM frequency or hematopoietic development at a young age. Exposure to TBI at 4 weeks of age induced severe oxidative stress and senescence in the BM HSCs of Wlsfl/fl mice but not in those of the Col-Cre;Wlsfl/fl mice. TBI-exposed Wlsfl/fl mice exhibited greater impairments in hematopoietic development, colony formation, and long-term repopulation than TBI-exposed Col-Cre;Wlsfl/fl mice. Transplantation with BM HSCs or whole BM cells derived from the mutant, but not Wlsfl/fl mice, protected against HSC senescence and hematopoietic skewing toward myeloid cells and enhanced survival in recipients of lethal TBI (10 Gy). Unlike the Wlsfl/fl mice, the Col-Cre;Wlsfl/fl mice also showed radioprotection against TBI-mediated MSC senescence, bone mass loss, and delayed body growth. Our results indicate that osteoblastic Wls ablation renders BM-conserved stem cells resistant to TBI-mediated oxidative injuries. Overall, our findings show that inhibiting osteoblastic Wnt signaling promotes hematopoietic radioprotection and regeneration.
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14
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Choi JH, Park S, Kim GD, Kim JY, Jun JH, Bae SH, Baik SK, Hwang SG, Kim GJ. Increased Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-1 by Placental Stem Cells Promotes Hepatic Regeneration in a Bile-Duct-Ligated Rat Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102530. [PMID: 34685509 PMCID: PMC8533985 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1) controls various cellular processes and liver regeneration. However, the roles of PRL-1 in liver regeneration induced by chorionic-plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CP-MSCs) transplantation remain unknown. Here, we found that increased PRL-1 expression by CP-MSC transplantation enhanced liver regeneration in a bile duct ligation (BDL) rat model by promoting the migration and proliferation of hepatocytes. Engrafted CP-MSCs promoted liver function via enhanced hepatocyte proliferation through increased PRL-1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, higher increased expression of PRL-1 regulated CP-MSC migration into BDL-injured rat liver through enhancement of migration-related signals by increasing Rho family proteins. The dual effects of PRL-1 on proliferation of hepatocytes and migration of CP-MSCs were substantially reduced when PRL-1 was silenced with siRNA-PRL-1 treatment. These findings suggest that PRL-1 may serve as a multifunctional enhancer for therapeutic applications of CP-MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea;
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.H.J.)
- Research Institute of Placental Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Gi Dae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon-si 51767, Korea;
| | - Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Ji Hye Jun
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.H.J.)
- Research Institute of Placental Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul 03312, Korea;
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Seong-Gyu Hwang
- CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea;
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.H.J.)
- Research Institute of Placental Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-881-7145
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15
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Do PT, Wu CC, Chiang YH, Hu CJ, Chen KY. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Therapy in Blood-Brain Barrier Preservation Following Ischemia: Molecular Mechanisms and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810045. [PMID: 34576209 PMCID: PMC8468469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prominent pathophysiological mechanism, responsible for a series of subsequent inflammatory cascades that exacerbate the damage to brain tissue. However, the benefit of recanalization is limited in most patients because of the narrow therapeutic time window. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been assessed as excellent candidates for cell-based therapy in cerebral ischemia, including neuroinflammatory alleviation, angiogenesis and neurogenesis promotion through their paracrine actions. In addition, accumulating evidence on how MSC therapy preserves BBB integrity after stroke may open up novel therapeutic targets for treating cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of MSC-based therapy in the ischemia-induced prevention of BBB compromise. Currently, therapeutic effects of MSCs for stroke are primarily based on the fundamental pathogenesis of BBB breakdown, such as attenuating leukocyte infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, stabilizing morphology and crosstalk between cellular components of the BBB. We also discuss prospective studies to improve the effectiveness of MSC therapy through enhanced migration into defined brain regions of stem cells. Targeted therapy is a promising new direction and is being prioritized for extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Do
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.H.); (K.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (ext. 3032) (C.-J.H.); +886-227361661 (ext. 7602) (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.H.); (K.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (ext. 3032) (C.-J.H.); +886-227361661 (ext. 7602) (K.-Y.C.)
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16
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Genetic Modification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Neurological Disease Therapy: What Effects Does it Have on Phenotype/Cell Behavior, Determining Their Effectiveness? Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:683-702. [PMID: 32926348 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are a promising tool in regenerative medicine, and their functions can be enhanced through genetic modification. Recent advances in genetic engineering provide several methods that enable gene delivery to mesenchymal stem cells. However, it remains to be decided whether genetic modification of mesenchymal stem cells by vectors carrying reporter or therapeutic genes leads to adverse effects on morphology, phenotypic profiles, and viability of transplanted cells. In this regard, we focus on the description of genetic modification methods of mesenchymal stem cells, their effectiveness, and the impact on phenotype/cell behavior/proliferation and the differentiation ability of these cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we compare the main effects of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells with native mesenchymal stem cells when applied in the therapy of neurological diseases.
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17
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des Rieux A. Stem cells and their extracellular vesicles as natural and bioinspired carriers for the treatment of neurological disorders. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles modulate lipopolysaccharide activated human microglia. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:98. [PMID: 33972507 PMCID: PMC8110535 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are driven by neuroinflammation triggered by activated microglial cells; hence, the phenotypic regulation of these cells is an appealing target for intervention. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) may be a potential therapeutic candidate to treat NDs given their immunomodulatory properties. Evidence suggests that the mechanism of action of hAD-MSCs is through their secretome, which includes secreted factors such as cytokines, chemokines, or growth factors as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, EVs have emerged as important mediators in cell communication given, they can transfer proteins, lipids, and RNA species (i.e., miRNA, mRNA, and tRNAs) to modulate recipient cells. However, the therapeutic potential of hAD-MSCs and their secreted EVs has not been fully elucidated with respect to human microglia. In this study, we determined the therapeutic potential of different hAD-MSCs doses (200,000, 100,000, and 50,000 cells) or their secreted EVs (50, 20, or 10 µg/ml), on human microglial cells (HMC3) that were activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an activation marker of HMC3 cells, was prevented when they were cocultured with hAD-MSCs and EVs. Moreover, hAD-MSCs inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, while their secreted EVs promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 or TIMP-1 in activated microglia. The present data therefore support a role for hAD-MSCs and their secreted EVs, as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NDs.
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19
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Ischemic Diseases: Mechanisms and Challenges. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:587-611. [PMID: 33884577 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases are conditions associated with the restriction or blockage of blood supply to specific tissues. These conditions can cause moderate to severe complications in patients, and can lead to permanent disabilities. Since they are blood vessel-related diseases, ischemic diseases are usually treated with endothelial cells or endothelial progenitor cells that can regenerate new blood vessels. However, in recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potent bioeffects on angiogenesis, thus playing a role in blood regeneration. Indeed, MSCs can trigger angiogenesis at ischemic sites by several mechanisms related to their trans-differentiation potential. These mechanisms include inhibition of apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis via angiogenic growth factors, and regulation of immune responses, as well as regulation of scarring to suppress blood vessel regeneration when needed. However, preclinical and clinical trials of MSC transplantation in ischemic diseases have shown some limitations in terms of treatment efficacy. Such studies have emphasized the current challenges of MSC-based therapies. Treatment efficacy could be enhanced if the limitations were better understood and potentially resolved. This review will summarize some of the strategies by which MSCs have been utilized for ischemic disease treatment, and will highlight some challenges of those applications as well as suggesting some strategies to improve treatment efficacy.
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20
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The Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Homing Capabilities to Regenerate the Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073519. [PMID: 33805356 PMCID: PMC8036861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (LBP) remains a challenging condition to treat, and especially to cure. If conservative treatment approaches fail, the current “gold standard” for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-provoked back pain is spinal fusion. However, due to its invasive and destructive nature, the focus of orthopedic research related to the intervertebral disc (IVD) has shifted more towards cell-based therapeutic approaches. They aim to reduce or even reverse the degenerative cascade by mimicking the human body’s physiological healing system. The implementation of progenitor and/or stem cells and, in particular, the delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has revealed significant potential to cure the degenerated/injured IVD. Over the past decade, many research groups have invested efforts to find ways to utilize these cells as efficiently and sustainably as possible. This narrative literature review presents a summary of achievements made with the application of MSCs for the regeneration of the IVD in recent years, including their preclinical and clinical applications. Moreover, this review presents state-of-the-art strategies on how the homing capabilities of MSCs can be utilized to repair damaged or degenerated IVDs, as well as their current limitations and future perspectives.
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21
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Shahsavani N, Kataria H, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Mechanisms and repair strategies for white matter degeneration in CNS injury and diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166117. [PMID: 33667627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
White matter degeneration is an important pathophysiological event of the central nervous system that is collectively characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss, axonal degeneration and parenchymal changes that can result in sensory, motor, autonomic and cognitive impairments. White matter degeneration can occur due to a variety of causes including trauma, neurotoxic exposure, insufficient blood flow, neuroinflammation, and developmental and inherited neuropathies. Regardless of the etiology, the degeneration processes share similar pathologic features. In recent years, a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms have been identified for axon and oligodendrocyte degeneration including oxidative damage, calcium overload, neuroinflammatory events, activation of proteases, depletion of adenosine triphosphate and energy supply. Extensive efforts have been also made to develop neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches for white matter repair. However, less progress has been achieved in this area mainly due to the complexity and multifactorial nature of the degeneration processes. Here, we will provide a timely review on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of white matter degeneration and will also discuss recent pharmacological and cellular therapeutic approaches for white matter protection as well as axonal regeneration, oligodendrogenesis and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Shahsavani
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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22
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Song N, Scholtemeijer M, Shah K. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunomodulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:653-664. [PMID: 32709406 PMCID: PMC7751844 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are emerging as the most promising means of allogeneic cell therapy. MSCs have inherent immunomodulatory characteristics, trophic activity, high invitro self-renewal ability, and can be readily engineered to enhance their immunomodulatory functions. MSCs affect the functions of most immune effector cells via direct contact with immune cells and local microenvironmental factors. Previous studies have confirmed that the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are mainly communicated via MSC-secreted cytokines; however, apoptotic and metabolically inactivated MSCs have more recently been shown to possess immunomodulatory potential, in which regulatory T cells and monocytes play a key role. We review the immunomodulatory aspects of naïve and engineered MSCs, and discuss strategies for increasing the potential of successfully using MSCs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Martijn Scholtemeijer
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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23
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Bonsack B, Heyck M, Kingsbury C, Cozene B, Sadanandan N, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. Fast-tracking regenerative medicine for traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1179-1190. [PMID: 31960797 PMCID: PMC7047809 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury remains a global health crisis that spans all demographics, yet there exist limited treatment options that may effectively curtail its lingering symptoms. Traumatic brain injury pathology entails a progression from primary injury to inflammation-mediated secondary cell death. Sequestering this inflammation as a means of ameliorating the greater symptomology of traumatic brain injury has emerged as an attractive treatment prospect. In this review, we recapitulate and evaluate the important developments relating to regulating traumatic brain injury-induced neuroinflammation, edema, and blood-brain barrier disintegration through pharmacotherapy and stem cell transplants. Although these studies of stand-alone treatments have yielded some positive results, more therapeutic outcomes have been documented from the promising area of combined drug and stem cell therapy. Harnessing the facilitatory properties of certain pharmaceuticals with the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of stem cell transplants creates a synergistic effect greater than the sum of its parts. The burgeoning evidence in favor of combined drug and stem cell therapies warrants more elaborate preclinical studies on this topic in order to pave the way for later clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matt Heyck
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nadia Sadanandan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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24
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Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Next Generation of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for TBI. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114051. [PMID: 32516998 PMCID: PMC7312789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as an attractive approach for restorative medicine in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), due to their relatively easy derivation and therapeutic effect following transplantation. However, the long-term survival of the grafted cells and therapeutic efficacy need improvement. Here, we review the recent application of MSCs in TBI treatment in preclinical models. We discuss the genetic modification approaches designed to enhance the therapeutic potency of MSCs for TBI treatment by improving their survival after transplantation, enhancing their homing abilities and overexpressing neuroprotective and neuroregenerative factors. We highlight the latest preclinical studies that have used genetically modified MSCs for TBI treatment. The recent developments in MSCs’ biology and potential TBI therapeutic targets may sufficiently improve the genetic modification strategies for MSCs, potentially bringing effective MSC-based therapies for TBI treatment in humans.
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25
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Bonsack B, Corey S, Shear A, Heyck M, Cozene B, Sadanandan N, Zhang H, Gonzales-Portillo B, Sheyner M, Borlongan CV. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy alleviates the neuroinflammation associated with acquired brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:603-615. [PMID: 32356605 PMCID: PMC7248547 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprise two particularly prevalent and costly examples of acquired brain injury (ABI). Following stroke or TBI, primary cell death and secondary cell death closely model disease progression and worsen outcomes. Mounting evidence indicates that long‐term neuroinflammation extensively exacerbates the secondary deterioration of brain structure and function. Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, mesenchymal stem cell transplants have emerged as a promising approach to treating this facet of stroke and TBI pathology. In this review, we summarize the classification of cell death in ABI and discuss the prominent role of inflammation. We then consider the efficacy of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (BM‐MSC) transplantation as a therapy for these injuries. Finally, we examine recent laboratory and clinical studies utilizing transplanted BM‐MSCs as antiinflammatory and neurorestorative treatments for stroke and TBI. Clinical trials of BM‐MSC transplants for stroke and TBI support their promising protective and regenerative properties. Future research is needed to allow for better comparison among trials and to elaborate on the emerging area of cell‐based combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Bonsack
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sydney Corey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alex Shear
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matt Heyck
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nadia Sadanandan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Henry Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael Sheyner
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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