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Almutairi N, Alhussein A, Alenizy M, Ba-Armah I, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel Resin-Based Antibacterial Root Surface Coating Material to Combat Dental Caries. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:168. [PMID: 38921541 PMCID: PMC11204561 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Root caries caused by cariogenic bacteria are a burden on a large number of individuals worldwide, especially the elderly. Applying a protective coating to exposed root surfaces has the potential to inhibit the development of caries, thus preserving natural teeth. This study aimed to develop a novel antibacterial coating to combat root caries and evaluate its effectiveness using the antibacterial monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM). DMAHDM was synthesized and incorporated into a resin consisting of 55.8% urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and 44.2% TEG-DVBE (UV) at a 10% mass fraction of glass filler. Multiple concentrations of DMAHDM were tested for their impact on the resin's mechanical and physical properties. S. mutans biofilms grown on resin disks were analyzed for antibacterial efficacy. Cytotoxicity was assessed against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The results showed an 8-log reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) against S. mutans biofilm (mean ± sd; n = 6) (p < 0.05) when 5% DMAHDM was incorporated into the UV resin. There was a 90% reduction in metabolic activity and lactic acid production. A low level of cytotoxicity against HGF was observed without compromising the physical and mechanical properties of the resin. This coating material demonstrated promising physical properties, potent antibacterial effects, and low toxicity, suggesting its potential to protect exposed roots from caries in various dental procedures and among elderly individuals with gingival recession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Almutairi
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.A.)
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alhussein
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Alenizy
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55475, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ba-Armah
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jirun Sun
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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2
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Fei X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Tian C, Li Y, Dong Q, Weir MD, Homayounfar N, Oates TW, Imazato S, Dai Q, Xu HHK, Ruan J. Novel pit and fissure sealant with nano-CaF 2 and antibacterial monomer: Fluoride recharge, microleakage, sealing ability and cytotoxicity. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:346-358. [PMID: 38583998 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Conventional resin-based sealants release minimal fluoride ions (F) and lack antibacterial activity. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel bioactive sealant containing calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF2) and antibacterial dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and (2) investigate mechanical performance, F recharge and re-release, microleakage, sealing ability and cytotoxicity. Helioseal F served as commercial control. The initial F release from sealant containing 20% nCaF2 was 25-fold that of Helioseal F. After ion exhaustion and recharge, the F re-release from bioactive sealant did not decrease with increasing number of recharge and re-release cycles. Elastic modulus of new bioactive sealant was 44% higher than Helioseal F. The new sealant had excellent sealing, minimal microleakage, and good cytocompatibility. Hence, the nanostructured sealant had substantial and sustained F release and antibacterial activity, good sealing ability and biocompatibility. The novel bioactive nCaF2 sealant is promising to provide long-term F ions for caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Yuncong Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Chunli Tian
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Qiannan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | - Negar Homayounfar
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Quan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
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3
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Zhang JS, Huang S, Chen Z, Chu CH, Takahashi N, Yu OY. Application of omics technologies in cariology research: A critical review with bibliometric analysis. J Dent 2024; 141:104801. [PMID: 38097035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the application of omics technologies in the field of cariology research and provide critical insights into the emerging opportunities and challenges. DATA & SOURCES Publications on the application of omics technologies in cariology research up to December 2022 were sourced from online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Two independent reviewers assessed the relevance of the publications to the objective of this review. STUDY SELECTION Studies that employed omics technologies to investigate dental caries were selected from the initial pool of identified publications. A total of 922 publications with one or more omics technologies adopted were included for comprehensive bibliographic analysis. (Meta)genomics (676/922, 73 %) is the predominant omics technology applied for cariology research in the included studies. Other applied omics technologies are metabolomics (108/922, 12 %), proteomics (105/922, 11 %), and transcriptomics (76/922, 8 %). CONCLUSION This study identified an emerging trend in the application of multiple omics technologies in cariology research. Omics technologies possess significant potential in developing strategies for the detection, staging evaluation, risk assessment, prevention, and management of dental caries. Despite the numerous challenges that lie ahead, the integration of multi-omics data obtained from individual biological samples, in conjunction with artificial intelligence technology, may offer potential avenues for further exploration in caries research. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This review presented a comprehensive overview of the application of omics technologies in cariology research and discussed the advantages and challenges of using these methods to detect, assess, predict, prevent, and treat dental caries. It contributes to steering research for improved understanding of dental caries and advancing clinical translation of cariology research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Mokeem LS, Martini Garcia I, Balhaddad AA, Lan Y, Seifu D, Weir MD, Melo MA. Multifunctional Dental Adhesives Formulated with Silane-Coated Magnetic Fe 3O 4@m-SiO 2 Core-Shell Particles to Counteract Adhesive Interfacial Breakdown. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2120-2139. [PMID: 38170561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The process of bonding to dentin is complex and dynamic, greatly impacting the longevity of dental restorations. The tooth/dental material interface is degraded by bacterial acids, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and hydrolysis. As a result, bonded dental restorations face reduced longevity due to adhesive interfacial breakdown, leading to leakage, tooth pain, recurrent caries, and costly restoration replacements. To address this issue, we synthesized and characterized a multifunctional magnetic platform, CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2, to provide several beneficial functions. The platform comprises Fe3O4 microparticles and chlorhexidine (CHX) encapsulated within mesoporous silica, which was silanized by an antibacterial quaternary ammonium silane (SiQuac). This platform simultaneously targets bacterial inhibition, stability of the hybrid layer, and enhanced filler infiltration by magnetic motion. Comprehensive experiments include X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, VSM, EDS, N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Then, CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2 was incorporated into an experimental adhesive resin for dental bonding restorations, followed by immediate and long-term antibacterial assessment, cytotoxicity evaluation, and mechanical and bonding performance. The results confirmed the multifunctional nature of CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2. This work outlined a roadmap for (1) designing and tuning an adhesive formulation containing the new platform CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2; (2) assessing microtensile bond strength to dentin using a clinically relevant model of simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure; and (3) investigating the antibacterial outcome performance of the particles when embedded into the formulated adhesives over time. The results showed that at 4 wt % of CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2-doped adhesive under the guided magnetic field, the bond strength increased by 28%. CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2 enhanced dentin adhesion in the magnetic guide bonding process without altering adhesive properties or causing cytotoxicity. This finding presents a promising method for strengthening the tooth/dental material interface's stability and extending the bonded restorations' lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Sami Mokeem
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yucheng Lan
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Dereje Seifu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Michael D Weir
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Alfei S. Shifting from Ammonium to Phosphonium Salts: A Promising Strategy to Develop Next-Generation Weapons against Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:80. [PMID: 38258091 PMCID: PMC10819902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since they are difficult and sometimes impossible to treat, infections sustained by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, emerging especially in nosocomial environments, are an increasing global public health concern, translating into high mortality and healthcare costs. In addition to having acquired intrinsic abilities to resist available antibiotic treatments, MDR bacteria can transmit genetic material encoding for resistance to non-mutated bacteria, thus strongly decreasing the number of available effective antibiotics. Moreover, several pathogens develop resistance by forming biofilms (BFs), a safe and antibiotic-resistant home for microorganisms. BFs are made of well-organized bacterial communities, encased and protected in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix, which impedes antibiotics' ability to reach bacteria, thus causing them to lose efficacy. By adhering to living or abiotic surfaces in healthcare settings, especially in intensive care units where immunocompromised older patients with several comorbidities are hospitalized BFs cause the onset of difficult-to-eradicate infections. In this context, recent studies have demonstrated that quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), acting as membrane disruptors and initially with a low tendency to develop resistance, have demonstrated anti-BF potentialities. However, a paucity of innovation in this space has driven the emergence of QAC resistance. More recently, quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs), including tri-phenyl alkyl phosphonium derivatives, achievable by easy one-step reactions and well known as intermediates of the Wittig reaction, have shown promising anti-BF effects in vitro. Here, after an overview of pathogen resistance, BFs, and QACs, we have reviewed the QPSs developed and assayed to this end, so far. Finally, the synthetic strategies used to prepare QPSs have also been provided and discussed to spur the synthesis of novel compounds of this class. We think that the extension of the knowledge about these materials by this review could be a successful approach to finding effective weapons for treating chronic infections and device-associated diseases sustained by BF-producing MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
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6
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Tebyaniyan H, Hussain A, Vivian M. Current antibacterial agents in dental bonding systems: a comprehensive overview. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:825-844. [PMID: 37668450 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is mainly caused by oral biofilm acid, and the most common dental restoration treatment is composite dental restorations. The main cause of failure is secondary caries adjacent to the restoration. Long-term survival of dental materials is improved by the presence of antibacterial agents, which selectively inhibit bacterial growth or survival. Chemical, natural and biomaterials have been studied for their antimicrobial activities and antibacterial bonding agents have been improved. Their usage has been increased to inhibit the growth of invading and residual bacteria in the oral cavity, as biofilm accumulation increases the risk of treatment failure. In this article, the success and applications of antibacterial agents are discussed in dental bonding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science & Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Mark Vivian
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E4, Canada
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7
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Souza LVS, Pavanello L, Picolo MZD, Kury M, Matos ICRT, Cogo-Müller K, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Mechanical and antibacterial properties of an experimental flowable composite containing Nb 2O 5 and NF_TiO 2 nanoparticles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105919. [PMID: 37279637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study developed an experimental flowable composite incorporated with niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) combined or not with titanium dioxide co-doped with fluorine and nitrogen (NF_TiO2) and evaluated the mechanical and antibacterial properties. The experimental flowable composite (TEGDMA + BisGMA 1:1 + 60%wt - inorganic filler - borosilicate 0.7 μm) was formulated according to the type and concentration of Nb2O5 and NF_TiO2 (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 wt%) or NF_TiO2 + Nb2O5 (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt% - 1:1). The control groups were formed by the experimental composite without the incorporation of Nb2O5 and/or NF_TiO2 (GC-E) and by a commercial flowable composite (GC). The characterization of the surface of the composite and its particles was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-rays (EDX). Specimens were manufactured and subjected to mechanical tests of flexural strength (FS) (n = 12), flexural modulus (FM) (n = 12), roughness (Ra) (n = 10), microhardness (n = 10), and contact angle (n = 10); and, to evaluate the antibacterial activity, they were submitted to tests of biofilm formation against S. mutans (CFU/mL) (n = 5), biofilm biomass by dry weight (n = 5) and confocal laser microscopy (%LIVE/DEAD) (n = 5). Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc and, those that were not homoscedastic, but with normality, were submitted to Welch's ANOVA and Games-Howell's post-hoc. Dunnet's test was used to compare the controls with the other experimental groups (α = 5). The Nb2O5 particles had an average size of 32.4 μm and the nanoparticles (NPs) of NF_TiO2, 10 nm. EDX analysis identified isolated peaks of N, F, Ti, and Nb confirming the presence of these particles in the resin matrix. The 1.5% NF_TiO2 group had a higher FS and FM than the controls (p < 0.05). GC showed higher microhardness between groups (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the experimental groups regarding contact angle and roughness (p > 0.05), except for GC, which had the highest Ra values and the lowest contact angle between groups (p < 0.05). Composites containing 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% Nb2O5, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% NF_TiO2 and 2% Nb2O5 + NF_TiO2 showed lower biofilm formation (p < 0.05), lower total biofilm biomass (p < 0.05), and a higher percentage of dead cells (44%, 52%, 52%, 79%, 42% 43%, 62%, 65%, respectively) than GC and GC-E (5% and 1%, respectively). It is concluded that the incorporation of 1.5% NF_TiO2 promoted a greater FS and FM among the experimental composites and that the addition of Nb2O5 particles (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%), NF_TiO2 (1%, 1.5% and 2%) and the combination Nb2O5 + NF_TiO2 (2%) showed significant antibacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Pavanello
- Department of Biosciences, University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Zaghi Dal Picolo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Cogo-Müller
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Bin-Jardan LI, Almadani DI, Almutairi LS, Almoabid HA, Alessa MA, Almulhim KS, AlSheikh RN, Al-Dulaijan YA, Ibrahim MS, Al-Zain AO, Balhaddad AA. Inorganic Compounds as Remineralizing Fillers in Dental Restorative Materials: Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098295. [PMID: 37176004 PMCID: PMC10179470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary caries is one of the leading causes of resin-based dental restoration failure. It is initiated at the interface of an existing restoration and the restored tooth surface. It is mainly caused by an imbalance between two processes of mineral loss (demineralization) and mineral gain (remineralization). A plethora of evidence has explored incorporating several bioactive compounds into resin-based materials to prevent bacterial biofilm attachment and the onset of the disease. In this review, the most recent advances in the design of remineralizing compounds and their functionalization to different resin-based materials' formulations were overviewed. Inorganic compounds, such as nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), calcium fluoride (CaF2), bioactive glass (BAG), hydroxyapatite (HA), fluorapatite (FA), and boron nitride (BN), displayed promising results concerning remineralization, and direct and indirect impact on biofilm growth. The effects of these compounds varied based on these compounds' structure, the incorporated amount or percentage, and the intended clinical application. The remineralizing effects were presented as direct effects, such as an increase in the mineral content of the dental tissue, or indirect effects, such as an increase in the pH around the material. In some of the reported investigations, inorganic remineralizing compounds were combined with other bioactive agents, such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), to maximize the remineralization outcomes and the antibacterial action against the cariogenic biofilms. The reviewed literature was mainly based on laboratory studies, highlighting the need to shift more toward testing the performance of these remineralizing compounds in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Ibraheem Bin-Jardan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Ibrahim Almadani
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leen Saleh Almutairi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi A Almoabid
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alessa
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Almulhim
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha N AlSheikh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif A Al-Dulaijan
- Department of Substitute Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria S Ibrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan O Al-Zain
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang T, Tian J, Zhou Z, Guo D, Tonin BSH, Ye Z, Xu H, Fu J. Antibacterial and physical properties of resin cements containing MgO nanoparticles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105815. [PMID: 37068430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Cariogenic bacteria and dental plaque biofilm at prosthesis margins are considered a primary risk factor for failed restorations. Resin cement containing antibacterial agents can be beneficial in controlling bacteria and biofilm. This work aimed to evaluate the impact of incorporating magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) as an antibacterial filler into dual-cure resin cement on bacteriostatic activity and physical properties, including mechanical, bonding, and physicochemical properties, as well as performance when subjected to a 5000-times thermocycling regimen. Experimental resin cements containing MgONPs of different mass fractions (0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) were developed. Results suggested that the inclusion of MgONPs markedly improved the materials' bacteriostatic effect against Streptococcus mutans without compromising the physical properties when its addition reached 7.5 wt%. The mechanical properties of the specimens did not significantly decline after undergoing aging treatment, except for the flexural properties. In addition, the cements displayed good bonding performance and the material itself was not prone to cohesive fracture in the failure mode analysis. Furthermore, MgONPs possibly have played a role in decelerating material aging during thermocycling and enhancing bonding fastness in the early stage of cementation, which requires further investigation. Overall, developing MgONPs-doped resin cements can be a promising strategy to improve the material's performance in inhibiting cariogenic bacteria at restoration margins, in order to achieve a reduction in biofilm-associated secondary caries and a prolonged restoration lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bruna S H Tonin
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040904, SP, Brazil
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., 999077, China
| | - Haiping Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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10
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Abstract
Bioactive materials for dental resin restorations are a rising field of investigation exploring treatment strategies for reducing the recurrence of carious lesions. The current effort has been directed toward developing dental materials that can inhibit biofilms and prevent tooth mineral loss. Bioactive resin materials have shown the potential to interfere with polymicrobial consortia in vivo and help maintain the lifespan of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anne S Melo
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Lamia Mokeem
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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11
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Dual-functional adhesive containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate promoted enamel remineralization in a biofilm-challenged environment. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1518-1531. [PMID: 35907751 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cariogenic biofilm on enamel, restoration, and bonding interface is closely related to dental caries and composite restoration failure. Enamel remineralization at adhesive interface is conducive to protecting bonding interface and inhibiting secondary caries. This study intended to assess the remineralization efficiency of adhesive with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) on initial caries lesion of biofilm-coated enamel. METHODS Artificial initial carious lesion was created via 72-hour immersion in demineralization solution and cariogenic biofilm was formed after 24-hour culture of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Specimens were then divided into 4 groups: enamel control, enamel treated with NACP, DMAHDM and NACP+DMAHDM respectively. Samples next underwent 7-day cycling, 4 h in BHIS (brain heart infusion broth containing 1 % sucrose) and 20 h in AS (artificial saliva) per day. The pH of BHIS was tested daily. So did the concentration of calcium and phosphate in BHIS and AS. Live/dead staining, colony-forming unit (CFU) count, and lactic acid production of biofilms were measured 7 days later. The enamel remineralization efficiency was evaluated by microhardness testing and transverse microradiography (TMR) quantitatively. RESULTS Enamel of NACP+DMAHDM group demonstrated excellent remineralization effectiveness. And the NACP+DMAHDM adhesive released a great number of Ca2+ and PO43- ions, increased pH to 5.81 via acid neutralization, decreased production of lactic acid, and reduced CFU count of S. mutans (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The NACP+DMAHDM adhesive would be applicable to preventing secondary caries, strengthening enamel-adhesive interface, and extending the lifespan of composite restoration.
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12
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Wu L, Cao X, Meng Y, Huang T, Zhu C, Pei D, Weir MD, Oates TW, Lu Y, Xu HHK, Li Y. Novel bioactive adhesive containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate and calcium phosphate nanoparticles to inhibit metalloproteinases and nanoleakage with three months of aging in artificial saliva. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1206-1217. [PMID: 35718597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a multifunctional adhesive via dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); and (2) investigate its ability to provide metalloproteinases (MMPs) deactivation and remineralization for long-term dentin bonding durability. METHODS DMAHDM and NACP were incorporated into Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive (SB2) at mass fractions of 5% and 20%, respectively. Degree of conversion and contact angle were measured. Endogenous MMP activity of the demineralized dentin beams, Masson's trichrome staining, nano-indentation, microtensile bond strength and interfacial nanoleakage analyses were investigated after 24 h and 3 months of storage aging in artificial saliva. RESULTS Adding DMAHDM and NACP did not compromise the degree of conversion and contact angle of SB2 (p > 0.05). DMAHDM and NACP incorporation reduced the endogenous MMP activity by 53 %, facilitated remineralization, and increased the Young's modulus of hybrid layer by 49 % after 3 months of aging in artificial saliva, compared to control. For SB2 Control, the dentin bond strength decreased by 38 %, with greater nanoleakage expression, after 3 months of aging (p < 0.05). However, DMAHDM+NACP group showed no loss in bond strength, with much less nanoleakage, after 3 months of aging (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE DMAHDM+NACP adhesive greatly reduced MMP-degradation activity in demineralized dentin, induced remineralization at adhesive-dentin interface, and maintained the dentin bond strength after aging, without adversely affecting polymerization and dentin wettability. This new adhesive has great potential to help eliminate secondary caries, prevent hybrid layer degradation, and increase the resin-dentin bond longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yuchen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Tianjia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Changze Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Yuncong Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
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13
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Remineralizing Effects of Resin-Based Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040779. [PMID: 35215692 PMCID: PMC8877949 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of remineralizing additives into sealants has been considered as a feasible way to prevent caries by potential remineralization through ions release. Thus, this systematic review aimed to identify the remineralizing additives in resin-based sealants (RBS) and assess their performance. Search strategies were built to search four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus). The last search was conducted in June 2020. The screening, data extraction and quality assessment were completed by two independent reviewers. From the 8052 screened studies, 275 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 39 laboratory studies matched the inclusion criteria. The methodologies used to assess the remineralizing effect included microhardness tests, micro-computed tomography, polarized-light microscopy, ions analysis and pH measurements. Calcium phosphate (CaP), fluoride (F), boron nitride nanotubes (BNN), calcium silicate (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were incorporated into resin-based sealants in order to improve their remineralizing abilities. Out of the 39 studies, 32 studies focused on F as a remineralizing agent. Most of the studies confirmed the effectiveness of F and CaP on enamel remineralization. On the other hand, BNN and CS showed a small or insignificant effect on remineralization. However, most of the included studies focused on the short-term effects of these additives, as the peak of the ions release and concentration of these additives was seen during the first 24 h. Due to the lack of a standardized in vitro study protocol, a meta-analysis was not conducted. In conclusion, studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the incorporation of remineralizing agents into RBSs. However, the careful interpretation of these results is recommended due to the variations in the studies’ settings and assessments.
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14
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Evaluation of the ability of adhesives with antibacterial and remineralization functions to prevent secondary caries in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3637-3650. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Albeshir EG, Balhaddad AA, Mitwalli H, Wang X, Sun J, Melo MAS, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Minimally-invasive dentistry via dual-function novel bioactive low-shrinkage-stress flowable nanocomposites. Dent Mater 2021; 38:409-420. [PMID: 34973816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this in vitro study were to develop a novel low-shrinkage-stress flowable nanocomposite with antibacterial properties through the incorporation of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and investigate the mechanical and oral biofilm properties, to be used in minimally-invasive techniques. METHODS The light-cured low-shrinkage-stress flowable resin was formulated by mixing urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE) at a 1:1 mass ratio. Different mass fractions of glass, and either 5% DMAHDM or 20%NACP or both were incorporated. Paste flowability, ultimate micro tensile strength and surface roughness were evaluated. The antibacterial response of DMAHDM resin was assessed by using biofilms of human saliva-derived microcosm model. Virtuoso flowable composite was used as a control. RESULTS (45% resin+5% DMAHDM+20% NACP+30% glass) formula yielded the needed outcomes. It had flow rate within the range of ISO requirement. The micro tensile strength was (39.1 ± 4.3) MPa, similar to (40.1 ± 4.0) MPa for commercial control (p > 0.05). The surface roughness values of the novel composite (0.079 ± 0.01) µm similar to commercial composite (0.09 ± 0.02) µm (p > 0.05). Salivary microcosm biofilm colony forming unit values were reduced by 5-6 logs (p < 0.05). Biofilm metabolic activity was also substantially reduced, compared to control composite (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The novel bioactive flowable nanocomposite achieved strong antibacterial activities without compromising the mechanical properties. It is promising to be used as pit and fissure sealants, and as fillings in conservative cavities to inhibit recurrent caries and increase restoration longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal G Albeshir
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Heba Mitwalli
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, A Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Mary Ann S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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16
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Flexural Strength, Elastic Modulus and Remineralizing Abilities of Bioactive Resin-Based Dental Sealants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010061. [PMID: 35012084 PMCID: PMC8747332 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the remineralizing abilities and compare the flexural strength and elastic modulus of different bioactive pit and fissure sealants. Materials and Methods: Human enamel samples were randomly and blindly sealed with one of the following bioactive materials: BioCoat (Bc), ACTIVA KIDS (Av) and BeautiSealant (Bu). Seal-it (Si) was used as a non-bioactive sealant beside a control blank (B) group with no sealant. The sealed samples were subjected to a pH-cycling model (7 days of demineralization–remineralization cycles). The enamel surface hardness change (SHC), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and polarized light microscopy were used to assess the remineralizing abilities of the studied sealants. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were also assessed following the ISO 4049 protocols. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the results. Results: Bc sealant showed the highest FS and EM (p < 0.05). The contact with Bc and Bu sealants showed significantly lower %SHL (p < 0.05) in comparison to the other. These findings were supported by the results of SEM-EDX and polarized imaging by showing higher percentages of calcium and phosphate ions with the former sealants and thinner demineralized enamel bands. Conclusion: In this study, Bc showed the highest flexural strength. Bc and Bu sealants outperformed the other studied sealants in terms of their remineralization abilities.
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17
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Desai H, Stewart CA, Finer Y. Minimally Invasive Therapies for the Management of Dental Caries—A Literature Review. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120147. [PMID: 34940044 PMCID: PMC8700643 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to a better understanding of the caries pathology and advances in dental materials, the utilization of non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques that delay/obviate the need for traditional restorations has started gaining momentum. This literature review focuses on some of these approaches, including fluoride varnish, silver diamine fluoride, resin sealants, resin infiltration, chemomechanical caries removal and atraumatic restorative treatment, in the context of their chemistries, indications for use, clinical efficacy, factors determining efficacy and limitations. Additionally, we discuss strategies currently being explored to enhance the antimicrobial properties of these treatment modalities to expand the scope of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Desai
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cameron A. Stewart
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Garcia IM, Balhaddad AA, Lan Y, Simionato A, Ibrahim MS, Weir MD, Masri R, Xu HHK, Collares FM, Melo MAS. Magnetic motion of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles- loaded dental adhesives: physicochemical/biological properties, and dentin bonding performance studied through the tooth pulpal pressure model. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:337-347. [PMID: 34303014 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The limited durability of dentin bonding harshly shortens the lifespan of resin composites restorations. The controlled, dynamic movement of materials through non-contacting forces provides exciting opportunities in adhesive dentistry. We, herein, describe comprehensive investigations of a new dental adhesive with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) sensitive to magnetic fields for bonding optimization. This contribution outlines a roadmap of (1) designing and tuning of an adhesive formulation containing SPIONs to enhance penetrability into etched dentin guided by magnetic-field; (2) employing a clinically relevant model of simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure on the microtensile bond to dentin; and (3) investigating a potential antibacterial effect of the formulated adhesives, and their biocompatibility. SPION-concentration-dependency chemical and mechanical behavior was shown via the degree of conversion, ultimate tensile strength, and micro shear bond strength to dentin. The effects of SPIONs carried on a dental adhesive on the bonding strength to dentin are studied in depth by combining experiments with in vitro simulated model. The results show that under the guided magnetic field, 0.07 wt.% of SPIONs-doped adhesive increased the bond strength that surpasses the reduction caused by hydrostatic pulpal pressure. Using a magnetic guide workflow during the bonding procedures, SPIONs-doped adhesives improved dentin's adhesion without changing adhesives' physicochemical properties. This outcome addresses the key challenge of poor resin infiltration of dentin's conventional total etching during the bonding procedure. The real-time magnetic motion of dental adhesives may open new paths to enhance resin-based restorations' longevity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, dental adhesives containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were developed to enhance penetrability into dentin guided by a magnetic field. The adhesives were screened for physical, chemical, antibacterial properties, and cytotoxicity. For the first time, simulated pulpal pressure was used concurrently with the magnetic field to simulate a clinical setting. This approach showed that it is feasible to overcome pulpal pressure jeopardization on bond strength when SPIONs and a magnetic field are applied. The magnetic-responsive adhesives had great potential to improve bond strength, opening new paths to enhance resin-based restorations' longevity without affecting adhesives' biological properties. The use of magnetic-responsive particles and magnetically assisted motion is a promising strategy to improve the sealing ability of dental adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Martini Garcia
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yucheng Lan
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Andressa Simionato
- Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Salem Ibrahim
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D Weir
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mary Anne Samapio Melo
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Dental School, General Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Fissure Sealants Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8975948. [PMID: 34447437 PMCID: PMC8384512 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8975948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of fissure sealants containing chitosan nanoparticles. Materials and Methods Antibacterial effect of Master Dent fissure sealant alone and after incorporating chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, sanguis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Biofilm growth was evaluated by determining colony counts. Antimicrobial effect was determined on days 3, 15, and 30 by counting microbial colonies using eluted components test. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD tests, t test, and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results Biofilm inhibition test showed that fissure sealant containing 1 wt.% chitosan decreased colony counts significantly (P < 0.05). Eluted components test with S. mutans and sanguis showed significant decrease in colony counts during the first 15 days in chitosan containing group; however, from day 30, antimicrobial activity decreased noticeably, with no significant difference from control group (P > 0.05). Antimicrobial activity against L. acidophilus was maintained in chitosan group up to 30 days, and decrease in colony counts was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion According to the results of this study, incorporation of 1 wt.% chitosan into fissure sealant induced an antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial effect on L. acidophilus persisted for longer time (30 days) compared to the two other bacterial species (15 days).
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Improper Light Curing of Bulkfill Composite Drives Surface Changes and Increases S. mutans Biofilm Growth as a Pathway for Higher Risk of Recurrent Caries around Restorations. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9080083. [PMID: 34435995 PMCID: PMC8394739 DOI: 10.3390/dj9080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
How dentists cure a resin-based material has deleterious effects on the material's properties and its interaction with surrounding dental tissues. Biofilm accumulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of carious lesions around dental restorations, with its composition manifesting expressed dysbiosis in patients suffering from dental caries. To evaluate the influence of varying radiant exposure on the degree of conversion (DC%), Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth, and surface roughness of bulk-fill composites under different light-curing conditions. Two light-curing units (LCU) at 600 and 1000 mW/cm2 were used to simulate curing conditions with different angulations (∢20° and ∢35°) or 2 mm-distance displacements of the LCU tip. The radiant exposure (RE) was assessed, and the composites were analyzed for DC%. Biofilm formation was induced over the bulk-fill composites and analyzed via colony-forming units counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness was analyzed via a profilometer and SEM after biofilm formation. Curing conditions with different angulation or displacement decreased RE compared to the "optimal condition". The moderately (∢35°) angulated LCU tip and low (600 mW/cm2) radiant emittance significantly reduced the DC% (p < 0.05). The difference in DC% between the top and bottom of the composites ranged from 8 to 11% for 600 mW/cm2 and 10 to 20% for 1000 mW/cm2. Greater S. mutans biofilm and surface changes were found in composites with non-optimal RE delivery (e.g., tip displacement and angulation) (p < 0.05). Inadequate polymerization of bulk-fill composites was associated with more biofilm accumulation and surface topography changes. Overall, non-optimally performed curing procedures reduced the amount of delivered RE, which led to low DC%, more biofilm formation, and higher surface roughness. The improper light-curing of bulk-fill composites compromises their physicochemical and biological properties, which could lead to inferior clinical performance and reduced restorative treatments' longevity.
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21
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AlShahrani SS, AlAbbas MS, Garcia IM, AlGhannam MI, AlRuwaili MA, Collares FM, Ibrahim MS. The Antibacterial Effects of Resin-Based Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020413. [PMID: 33467665 PMCID: PMC7830019 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to assess the antimicrobial effects of different antibacterial agents/compounds incorporated in resin-based dental sealants. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. From the 8052 records retrieved, 275 records were considered eligible for full-text screening. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment was performed by two independent reviewers. Six of the nineteen included studies were judged to have low risk of bias, and the rest had medium risk of bias. Compounds and particles such as zinc, tin, Selenium, chitosan, chlorhexidine, fluoride and methyl methacrylate were found to be effective in reducing the colony-forming unit counts, producing inhibition zones, reducing the optical density, reducing the metabolic activities, reducing the lactic acid and polysaccharide production and neutralizing the pH when they are added to the resin-based dental sealants. In addition, some studies showed that the antibacterial effect was not significantly different after 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months aging in distilled water or phosphate-buffered saline. In conclusion, studies have confirmed the effectiveness of adding antibacterial agents/compounds to dental sealants. However, we should consider that these results are based on laboratory studies with a high degree of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Saeed AlShahrani
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.I.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mana’a Saleh AlAbbas
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.I.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (I.M.G.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maha Ibrahim AlGhannam
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.I.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Muath Abdulrahman AlRuwaili
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.I.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (I.M.G.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maria Salem Ibrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Rehman IU, Melo MA. Special Issue: Molecular Research on Dental Materials and Biomaterials 2018. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239154. [PMID: 33271789 PMCID: PMC7730814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Gillow Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yu Z, Tao S, Xu HHK, Weir MD, Fan M, Liu Y, Zhou X, Liang K, Li J. Rechargeable adhesive with calcium phosphate nanoparticles inhibited long-term dentin demineralization in a biofilm-challenged environment. J Dent 2020; 104:103529. [PMID: 33189801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the long-term demineralization-inhibition capability of a rechargeable adhesive with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) on dentin in a biofilm-challenged environment. METHODS The NACP adhesive was immersed in a pH 4 solution to exhaust calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions and then recharged with Ca and P ions. Dentin samples were demineralized underStreptococcus mutans biofilms for 24 h and randomly divided into two groups: (1) dentin control, (2) dentin with recharged NACP adhesives. Each day, all the samples were immersed in brain heart infusion broth with 1% sucrose (BHIS) for 4 h, and then in artificial saliva (AS) for 20 h. This cycle was repeated for 10 days. The pH of BHIS, the Ca and P ions content of the BHIS and AS were measured daily. After 10 days, the lactic acid production and colony-forming units of the biofilms were tested. The changes of remineralization/demineralization were also analyzed. RESULTS Dentin in the control group showed further demineralization. The recharged NACP adhesive neutralized acids, increasing the pH to above 5, and released large amounts of Ca and P ions each day. The recharged NACP adhesive decreased the production of lactic acid (P < 0.05), inhibited dentin demineralization and sustained the dentin hardness in the biofilm-challenged environment, showing an excellent long-term demineralization-inhibition capability. CONCLUSIONS The NACP adhesive could continuously inhibit dentin demineralization in a biofilm-challenged environment by recharging with Ca and P ions. SIGNIFICANCE The rechargeable NACP adhesive could provide long-term dentin bond protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Menglin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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AlSahafi R, Balhaddad AA, Mitwalli H, Ibrahim MS, Melo MAS, Oates TW, Xu HH, Weir MD. Novel Crown Cement Containing Antibacterial Monomer and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102001. [PMID: 33050559 PMCID: PMC7600938 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oral biofilm accumulation at the tooth–restoration interface often leads to recurrent dental caries and restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel bioactive crown cement containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and (2) investigate the mechanical properties, anti-biofilm activity, and calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (PO43−) ion release of the crown cement for the first time. The cement matrix consisted of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate and ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate monomers and was denoted PEHB resin matrix. The following cements were tested: (1) RelyX luting cement (commercial control); (2) 55% PEHB + 45% glass fillers (experimental control); (3) 55% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 0% DMAHDM; (4) 52% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 3% DMAHDM; (5) 51% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 4% DMAHDM; (6) 50% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 5% DMAHDM. Mechanical properties and ion release were measured. Streptococcusmutans (S. mutans) biofilms were grown on cements, and colony-forming units (CFUs) and other biofilm properties were measured. The novel bioactive cement demonstrated strong antibacterial properties and high levels of Ca2+ and PO43− ion release to remineralize tooth lesions. Adding NACP and DMAHDM into the cement did not adversely affect the mechanical properties and dentin bonding strength. In conclusion, the novel NACP + DMAHDM crown cement has excellent potential for restoration cementation to inhibit caries by suppressing oral biofilm growth and increasing remineralization via Ca2+ and PO43− ions. The NACP + DMAHDM composition may have wide applicability to other biomaterials to promote hard-tissue formation and combat bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed AlSahafi
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (H.M.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (H.M.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Mitwalli
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (H.M.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Salem Ibrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Department of General Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Hockin H.K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (H.H.K.X.); (M.D.W.)
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence: (H.H.K.X.); (M.D.W.)
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25
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How we are assessing the developing antibacterial resin-based dental materials? A scoping review. J Dent 2020; 99:103369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mitwalli H, Alsahafi R, Balhaddad AA, Weir MD, Xu HHK, Melo MAS. Emerging Contact-Killing Antibacterial Strategies for Developing Anti-Biofilm Dental Polymeric Restorative Materials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E83. [PMID: 32751652 PMCID: PMC7552663 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials are the first choice for restoring tooth cavities, bonding tooth-colored fillings, sealing root canal systems, and many other dental restorative applications. However, polymeric materials are highly susceptible to bacterial attachment and colonization, leading to dental diseases. Many approaches have been investigated to minimize the formation of biofilms over polymeric restorative materials and at the tooth/material interfaces. Among them, contact-killing compounds have shown promising results to inhibit dental biofilms. Contact-killing compounds can be immobilized within the polymer structure, delivering a long-lasting effect with no leaching or release, thus providing advantages compared to release-based materials. This review discusses cutting-edge research on the development of contact-killing compounds in dental restorative materials to target oral pathogens. Contact-killing compounds in resin composite restorations, dental adhesives, root canal sealers, denture-based materials, and crown cements have all demonstrated promising antibacterial properties. Contact-killing restorative materials have been found to effectively inhibit the growth and activities of several oral pathogens related to dental caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic, and fungal infections. Further laboratory optimization and clinical trials using translational models are needed to confirm the clinical applicability of this new generation of contact-killing dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mitwalli
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology; Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Ibrahim MS, Balhaddad AA, Garcia IM, Hefni E, Collares FM, Martinho FC, Weir MD, Xu HHK, Melo MAS. Tooth sealing formulation with bacteria‐killing surface and on‐demand ion release/recharge inhibits early childhood caries key pathogens. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3217-3227. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salem Ibrahim
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Isadora M. Garcia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Eman Hefni
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Fabricio M. Collares
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Frederico C. Martinho
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
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pH-responsive calcium and phosphate-ion releasing antibacterial sealants on carious enamel lesions in vitro. J Dent 2020; 97:103323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Monteiro JC, Stürmer M, Garcia IM, Melo MA, Sauro S, Leitune VCB, Collares FM. Dental Sealant Empowered by 1,3,5-Tri Acryloyl Hexahydro-1,3,5-Triazine and α-Tricalcium Phosphate for Anti-Caries Application. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040895. [PMID: 32290613 PMCID: PMC7240744 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds and calcium phosphates have been incorporated into dental materials to enhance their biointeractivity and preventive effects. This study aimed at evaluating the physical and chemical properties and effects against Streptococcus mutans of a dental sealant containing 1,3,5-tri acryloyl hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT) and α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP). A methacrylate-based dental sealant was initially formulated. α-TCP and TAT (Gα-TCPTAT) were added to the experimental sealant at 2 wt.% each. One group was formulated without α-TCP and TAT and used as control (GCTRL). All tested resins were analyzed for polymerization kinetics and degree of conversion (DC %), Knoop hardness (KHN), softening in solvent (∆KHN%), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the contact angle with water or with α-bromonaphthalene, surface free energy (SFE) and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in biofilm and in planktonic cells. The polymerization kinetic was different between groups, but without statistical differences in the DC % (p < 0.05). KHN and ΔKHN% did not change between groups (p > 0.05), but Gα-TCPTAT presented greater UTS compared to GCTRL (p < 0.05). No differences were found for contact angle (p > 0.05) or SFE (p > 0.05). Gα-TCPTAT showed greater antibacterial activity in comparison to GCTRL (p < 0.05). The formulation of dental sealants containing TAT and α-TCP can be characterized by improved mechanical and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Caletti Monteiro
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
| | - Michele Stürmer
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Operative Dentistry Division, General Dentistry Department University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo (s/n), Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University of Moscow, Mozhaisky Val, 11, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen H, Tang Y, Weir MD, Lei L, Masri R, Lynch CD, Oates TW, Zhang K, Hu T, Xu HHK. Effects of S. mutans gene-modification and antibacterial calcium phosphate nanocomposite on secondary caries and marginal enamel hardness. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41672-41683. [PMID: 35541571 PMCID: PMC9076473 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09220j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary caries at the restoration-tooth margins is a main reason for dental restoration failures. Gene-modification for Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and composites containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDMA) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) all have the potential to suppress bacterial acids and promote remineralization. However, there has been no report of their effects on marginal caries-inhibition and enamel hardness. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gene-modification and DMAHDM–NACP composite restoration on enamel demineralization and hardness at the margins under biofilm acids for the first time. Parent S. mutans and rnc gene-deleted S. mutans were tested side by side. The bioactive composite contained 3% DMAHDM and 30% NACP. Mechanical properties and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion releases were measured. Colony-forming units (CFU), MTT, lactic acid and polysaccharide of biofilms were evaluated. Demineralization of bovine enamel with composite restorations was induced via biofilms, then enamel hardness was measured. The dual strategy of combining rnc-deletion with DMAHDM+30NACP: (1) achieved the strongest biofilm-inhibition, with the greatest reduction in biofilm CFU by 6 logs; (2) decreased biofilm lactic acid and polysaccharide production by more than 80%; (3) achieved enamel hardness that was 140% higher than that of a commercial fluoride-releasing composite under 30 days of biofilm acids. Therefore, the novel dual approach of rnc gene-deletion and DMAHDM+NACP nanocomposite is promising to inhibit secondary caries at the margins and increase the longevity of tooth restorations. Secondary caries at the restoration-tooth margins is a main reason for dental restoration failures.![]()
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