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Guo R, Huang K, Yu K, Li J, Huang J, Wang D, Li Y. Effects of Fat and Carnitine on the Expression of Carnitine Acetyltransferase and Enoyl-CoA Hydratase Short-Chain 1 in the Liver of Juvenile GIFT ( Oreochromis niloticus). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:480. [PMID: 38674414 PMCID: PMC11050330 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and Enoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) are considered key enzymes that regulate the β-oxidation of fatty acids. However, very few studies have investigated their full length and expression in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), an important aquaculture species in China. Here, we cloned CAT and ECHS1 full-length cDNA via the rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and the expressions of CAT and ECHS1 in the liver of juvenile GIFT were detected in different fat and carnitine diets, as were the changes in the lipometabolic enzymes and serum biochemical indexes of juvenile GIFT in diets with different fat and carnitine levels. CAT cDNA possesses an open reading frame (ORF) of 2167 bp and encodes 461 amino acids, and the ECHS1 cDNA sequence is 1354 bp in full length, the ORF of which encodes a peptide of 391 amino acids. We found that juvenile GIFT had higher lipometabolic enzyme activity and lower blood CHOL, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C contents when the dietary fat level was 2% or 6% and when the carnitine level was 500 mg/kg. We also found that the expression of ECHS1 and CAT genes in the liver of juvenile GIFT can be promoted by a 500 mg/kg carnitine level and 6% fat level feeding. These results suggested that CAT and ECHS1 may participate in regulating lipid metabolism, and when 2% or 6% fat and 500 mg/kg carnitine are added to the feed, it is the most beneficial to the liver and lipid metabolism of juvenile GIFT. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for GIFT feeding and treating fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinghua Li
- Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710086, China;
| | - Jiao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuda Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
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Fan X, Wang R, Song Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu J, Xue C. Effects of high-sugar, high-cholesterol, and high-fat diet on phospholipid profile of mouse tissues with a focus on the mechanism of plasmalogen synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159345. [PMID: 37268055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-sugar diet (HSD), high-cholesterol diet (HCD), and high-fat diet (HFD) all modulate the levels of lipids. However, there is a lack of comparative data on the effects of different diets on phospholipids (PLs). Given their important role in physiology and disease, there has been an increasing focus on altered PLs in liver and brain disorders. This study aims to determine the effects of HSD, HCD, and HFD for 14-week feeding on the PL profile of the mouse liver and hippocampus. Quantitative analysis of 116 and 113 PL molecular species in liver and hippocampus tissues revealed that the HSD, HCD, and HFD significantly affected the PLs in liver and hippocampus, especially decreased the levels of plasmenylethanolamine (pPE) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Overall, the impact of HFD on liver PLs was more significant, consistent with the morphological changes in the liver. Compared to HSD and HCD, HFD induced a significant decrease in PC (P-16:0/18:1) and an increase in LPE (18:0) and LPE (18:1) in liver. In the liver of mice fed with different diets, the expression of the key enzymes Gnpat, Agps in the pPE biosynthesis pathway and peroxisome-associated membrane proteins pex14p were decreased. In addition, all diets significantly reduced the expression of Gnpat, pex7p, and pex16p in hippocampus tissue. In conclusion, HSD, HCD, and HFD enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver, led to liver injury, significantly affected the liver and hippocampus PLs, and decreased the expression of genes related to plasmalogen synthesis in mouse liver and hippocampus, which caused severe plasmalogen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Zhai M, Zhang C, Cui J, Liu J, Li Y, Xie K, Luo E, Tang C. Electromagnetic fields ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress: potential role of CaMKKβ/AMPK/SREBP-1c and Nrf2 pathways. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:51. [PMID: 37217972 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and is related to disturbed lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. However, a definitive drug treatment has not been approved for this disease. Studies have found that electromagnetic fields (EMF) can ameliorate hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS NAFLD models were established by feeding mice a high-fat diet. Simultaneously, EMF exposure is performed. The effects of the EMF on hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative stress were investigated. Additionally, the AMPK and Nrf2 pathways were analysed to confirm whether they were activated by the EMF. RESULTS Exposure to EMF decreased the body weight, liver weight and serum triglyceride (TG) levels and restrained the excessive hepatic lipid accumulation caused by feeding the HFD. The EMF boosted CaMKKβ protein expression, activated AMPK phosphorylation and suppressed mature SREBP-1c protein expression. Meanwhile, the activity of GSH-Px was enhanced following an increase in nuclear Nrf2 protein expression by PEMF. However, no change was observed in the activities of SOD and CAT. Consequently, EMF reduced hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA levels, which means that EMF relieved liver damage caused by oxidative stress in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS EMF may activate the CaMKKβ/AMPK/SREBP-1c and Nrf2 pathways to control hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative stress. This investigation indicates that EMF may be a novel therapeutic method for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jinxiu Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kangning Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Chi Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China.
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Phung NV, Rong F, Xia WY, Fan Y, Li XY, Wang SA, Li FL. Nervonic acid and its sphingolipids: Biological functions and potential food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37114919 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid, a 24-carbon fatty acid with only one double bond at the 9th carbon (C24:1n-9), is abundant in the human brain, liver, and kidney. It not only functions in free form but also serves as a critical component of sphingolipids which participate in many biological processes such as cell membrane formation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Recent studies show that nervonic acid supplementation is not only beneficial to human health but also can improve the many medical conditions such as neurological diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Nervonic acid and its sphingomyelins serve as a special material for myelination in infants and remyelination patients with multiple sclerosis. Besides, the administration of nervonic acid is reported to reduce motor disorder in mice with Parkinson's disease and limit weight gain. Perturbations of nervonic acid and its sphingolipids might lead to the pathogenesis of many diseases and understanding these mechanisms is critical for investigating potential therapeutic approaches for such diseases. However, available studies about this aspect are limited. In this review, relevant findings about functional mechanisms of nervonic acid have been comprehensively and systematically described, focusing on four interconnected functions: cellular structure, signaling, anti-inflammation, lipid mobilization, and their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Van Phung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Yue Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Yu Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi An Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
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Korsmo HW, Kadam I, Reaz A, Bretter R, Saxena A, Johnson CH, Caviglia JM, Jiang X. Prenatal Choline Supplement in a Maternal Obesity Model Modulates Offspring Hepatic Lipidomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:965. [PMID: 36839327 PMCID: PMC9963284 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity during pregnancy adversely impacts offspring health, predisposing them to chronic metabolic diseases characterized by insulin resistance, dysregulated macronutrient metabolism, and lipid overload, such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Choline is a semi-essential nutrient involved in lipid and one-carbon metabolism that is compromised during MAFLD progression. Here, we investigated under high-fat (HF) obesogenic feeding how maternal choline supplementation (CS) influenced the hepatic lipidome of mouse offspring. Our results demonstrate that maternal HF+CS increased relative abundance of a subclass of phospholipids called plasmalogens in the offspring liver at both embryonic day 17.5 and after 6 weeks of postnatal HF feeding. Consistent with the role of plasmalogens as sacrificial antioxidants, HF+CS embryos were presumably protected with lower oxidative stress. After postnatal HF feeding, the maternal HF+CS male offspring also had higher relative abundance of both sphingomyelin d42:2 and its side chain, nervonic acid (FA 24:1). Nervonic acid is exclusively metabolized in the peroxisome and is tied to plasmalogen synthesis. Altogether, this study demonstrates that under the influence of obesogenic diet, maternal CS modulates the fetal and postnatal hepatic lipidome of male offspring, favoring plasmalogen synthesis, an antioxidative response that may protect the mouse liver from damages due to HF feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter W. Korsmo
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Isma’il Kadam
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Aziza Reaz
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Rachel Bretter
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 11210, USA
| | | | - Jorge Matias Caviglia
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
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6
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Bzdęga W, Żywno H, Kołakowski A, Kurzyna PF, Harasim-Symbor E, Chabowski A, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. Coumestrol as a new substance that may diminish lipid precursors of the inflammation in steatotic primary rat hepatocytes. Biochimie 2023; 204:78-91. [PMID: 36084910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Coumestrol is a phytoestrogen found in various plant foods. Increasing evidence ascertained its robust anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative properties likewise ability to mitigate insulin resistance. Thus, it may be a potential medicine in the treatment of many metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we aimed to shed some light on its influence on the accumulation of certain lipid fractions and the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins in primary rat hepatocytes during the lipid-overload state. The cells were isolated from the male Wistar rat's liver with the use of collagenase perfusion. It was followed by incubation of the cells with the presence or absence of palmitic acid and/or coumestrol. The accumulation of lipid fractions was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) whereas the expression of the proteins was evaluated by the Western blot technique. Treatment with coumestrol in the state of increased fatty acids availability led to the deposition of triacylglycerols rather than diacylglycerols, significantly decreased expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, especially interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and nuclear factor κβ (NF-κβ). Also, we observed a substantial diminution in proinflammatory enzymes expression. Taking into consideration the direction of the aforementioned changes, we may assume that coumestrol can ameliorate the array of factors leading to the development of steatosis, likewise counteracting progression to steatohepatitis, thus it may be a step forward to the long-awaited breakthrough in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Bzdęga
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Hubert Żywno
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Kołakowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
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Casagrande BP, Bueno AA, Pisani LP, Estadella D. Hepatic glycogen participates in the regulation of hypothalamic pAkt/Akt ratio in high-sugar/high-fat diet-induced obesity. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1423-1434. [PMID: 35316448 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a major integrating centre that controls energy homeostasis and plays a major role in hepatic glycogen (HGlyc) turnover. Not only do hypothalamic and hepatic Akt levels influence glucose homeostasis and glycogen synthesis, but exposure to high-sugar/high-fat diets (HSHF) can also lead to hypothalamic inflammation and HGlyc accumulation. HSHF withdrawal overall restores energy and glucose homeostasis, but the actual relationship between hypothalamic inflammation and HGlyc after short-term HSHF withdrawal has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we investigated the short-term effects of HSHF withdrawal preceded by a 30-day HSHF intake on the liver-hypothalamus crosstalk and glucose homeostasis. Sixty-day old male Wistar rats were fed for 30 days a control chow (n = 10) (Ct), or an HSHF diet (n = 20). On the 30th day of dietary intervention, a random HSHF subset (n = 10) had their diets switched to control chow for 48 h (Hw) whilst the remaining HSHF rats remained in the HSHF diet (n = 10) (Hd). All rats were anaesthetized and euthanized at the end of the protocol. We quantified HGlyc, Akt phosphorylation, inflammation and glucose homeostasis biomarkers. We also assessed the effect of propensity to obesity on those biomarkers, as detailed previously. Hd rats showed impaired glucose homeostasis, higher HGlyc and hypothalamic inflammation, and lower pAkt/Akt. Increased HGlyc was significantly associated with HSHF intake on pAkt/Akt lowered levels. We also found that HGlyc breakdown may have prevented a further pAkt/Akt drop after HSHF withdrawal. Propensity to obesity showed no apparent effect on hypothalamic inflammation or glucose homeostasis. Our findings suggest a comprehensive role of HGlyc as a structural and functional modulator of energy metabolism, and such roles may come into play relatively rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno P Casagrande
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP/BS, 1015-020, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allain A Bueno
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, WR2 6AJ, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Luciana P Pisani
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP/BS, 1015-020, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP/BS, 1015-020, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Time-Dependent Changes in Hepatic Sphingolipid Accumulation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212478. [PMID: 34830360 PMCID: PMC8618899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased lipid bioavailability in a diet favors lipid accumulation, enhancing hepatic lipotoxicity and contributing to insulin resistance (IR) development. The aim of our study was to examine time-dependent alterations in the intrahepatic content of sphingolipids and insulin signaling pathway in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats receiving a standard diet or HFD for five weeks. At the end of each experimental feeding week, liver sphingolipids were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression of proteins from the sphingolipid pathway and glucose transporter expression were assessed by Western blot. The content of phosphorylated form of proteins from the insulin pathway was detected by a multiplex assay kit. Our results revealed that HFD enhanced hepatic ceramide deposition by increasing the expression of selected proteins from sphingomyelin and salvage pathways in the last two weeks. Importantly, we observed a significant inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in the first week of HFD and stimulation of PTEN and mTOR phosphorylation at the end of HFD. These changes worsened the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. We may postulate that HFD-induced reduction in the insulin action in the time-dependent matter was exerted by excessive accumulation of sphingosine and sphinganine rather than ceramide.
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Wang X, Chen Q, Wang X, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C. Lipidomics Approach in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis Dyslipidemia Hamsters: Alleviation Using Ether-Phospholipids in Sea Urchin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9167-9177. [PMID: 33961420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ether-phospholipids (ether-PLs) in sea urchins, especially eicosapentaenoic-acid-enriched plasmenyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-P) and plasmanyl phosphatidylcholine (PC-O), exhibit potential lipid-regulating effects. However, their underlying regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Herein, we integrated an untargeted lipidomics strategy and biochemical analysis to investigate these mechanisms in high-fat-induced atherosclerotic hamsters. Dietary supplementation with PE-P and PC-O decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in serum. The lipid regulatory effects of PE-P were superior to those of PC-O. Additionally, 20 lipid molecular species, including phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesteryl ester, triacylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol, were identified as potential lipid biomarkers in the serum of hamsters with PC-O and PE-P treatment (95% confidence interval; p < 0.05). The variations of lipids may be attributed to downregulation of adipogenesis genes and upregulation of lipid β-oxidation genes and bile acid biosynthesis genes. The improved lipid homeostasis by ether-PLs in sea urchins might be a key pathway underlying the antiatherosclerosis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinsheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
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10
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Bielawiec P, Harasim-Symbor E, Sztolsztener K, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Chabowski A. Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response by Chronic Cannabidiol Administration Is Associated with Improved n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratio in the White and Red Skeletal Muscle in a Rat Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051603. [PMID: 34064937 PMCID: PMC8151284 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fatty acids has increased drastically, exceeding the nutritional requirements of an individual and leading to numerous metabolic disorders. Recent data indicate a growing interest in using cannabidiol (CBD) as an agent with beneficial effects in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the influence of chronic CBD administration on the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio in different lipid fractions, inflammatory pathway and oxidative stress parameters in the white and red gastrocnemius muscle. All the designed experiments were performed on Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard rodent diet for seven weeks and subsequently injected with CBD (10 mg/kg once daily for two weeks) or its vehicle. Lipid content and oxidative stress parameters were assessed using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), colorimetric and/or immunoenzymatic methods, respectively. The total expression of proteins of an inflammatory pathway was measured by Western blotting. Our results revealed that fatty acids (FAs) oversupply is associated with an increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which results in an excessive accumulation of FAs, especially of n-6 PUFAs, in skeletal muscles. We showed that CBD significantly improved the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and shifted the equilibrium towards anti-inflammatory n-3 PUFAs, particularly in the red gastrocnemius muscle. Additionally, CBD prevented generation of lipid peroxidation products and attenuated inflammatory response in both types of skeletal muscle. In summary, the results mentioned above indicate that CBD presents potential therapeutic properties with respect to the treatment of obesity and related disturbances.
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11
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Chen J, Liu H. Nutritional Indices for Assessing Fatty Acids: A Mini-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165695. [PMID: 32784511 PMCID: PMC7460856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats are generally fatty acids that may play positive or negative roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In nature, fatty acids occur in the form of mixtures of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), so their nutritional and/or medicinal values must be determined. Herein, we do not consider the classic indices, such as ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA, ∑n-6 PUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA; instead, we summarize and review the definitions, implications, and applications of indices used in recent years, including the PUFA/SFA, index of atherogenicity (IA), the index of thrombogenicity (IT), the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), the health-promoting index (HPI), the unsaturation index (UI), the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA), fish lipid quality/flesh lipid quality (FLQ), the linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) ratio, and trans fatty acid (TFA). Of these nutritional indices, IA and IT are the most commonly used to assess the composition of fatty acids as they outline significant implications and provide clear evidence. EPA + DHA is commonly used to assess the nutritional quality of marine animal products. All indices have their advantages and disadvantages; hence, a rational choice of which to use is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-82031823
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Sztolsztener K, Chabowski A, Harasim-Symbor E, Bielawiec P, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. Arachidonic Acid as an Early Indicator of Inflammation during Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081133. [PMID: 32751983 PMCID: PMC7464179 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by excessive lipid deposition. Lipid metabolism disturbances are possibly associated with hepatocyte inflammation development and oxidative balance impairment. The aim of our experiment was to examine the first moment when changes in plasma and liver arachidonic acid (AA) levels as a pro-inflammatory precursor may occur during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD development. Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in fat for five weeks, and after each week, inflammation and redox balance parameters were evaluated in the liver. The AA contents in lipid fractions were assessed by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). Protein expression relevant to inflammatory and lipogenesis pathways was determined by immunoblotting. The oxidative system indicators were determined with assay kits. Our results revealed that a high-fat diet promoted an increase in AA levels, especially in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. Importantly, rapid inflammation development via increased inflammatory enzyme expression, elevated lipid peroxidation product content and oxidative system impairment was caused by the HFD as early as the first week of the experiment. Based on these results, we may postulate that changes in AA content may be an early indicator of inflammation and irreversible changes in NAFLD progression.
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