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Wang C, Hua Y, Liang T, Guo Y, Wang L, Zheng X, Liu P, Zheng Q, Kang Z, Xu Y, Cao P, Chen Q. Integrated analyses of ionomics, phytohormone profiles, transcriptomics, and metabolomics reveal a pivotal role of carbon-nano sol in promoting the growth of tobacco plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:473. [PMID: 38811869 PMCID: PMC11137978 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon nano sol (CNS) can markedly affect the plant growth and development. However, few systematic analyses have been conducted on the underlying regulatory mechanisms in plants, including tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). RESULTS Integrated analyses of phenome, ionome, transcriptome, and metabolome were performed in this study to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the CNS-promoting growth of tobacco plants. We found that 0.3% CNS, facilitating the shoot and root growth of tobacco plants, significantly increased shoot potassium concentrations. Antioxidant, metabolite, and phytohormone profiles showed that 0.3% CNS obviously reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased antioxidant enzyme activity and auxin accumulation. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that the GO and KEGG terms involving responses to oxidative stress, DNA binding, and photosynthesis were highly enriched in response to exogenous CNS application. Differential expression profiling showed that NtNPF7.3/NtNRT1.5, potentially involved in potassium/auxin transport, was significantly upregulated under the 0.3% CNS treatment. High-resolution metabolic fingerprints showed that 141 and 163 metabolites, some of which were proposed as growth regulators, were differentially accumulated in the roots and shoots under the 0.3% CNS treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study revealed the physiological and molecular mechanism underlying CNS-mediated growth promotion in tobacco plants, and these findings provide potential support for improving plant growth through the use of CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Yingpeng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Taibo Liang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yadi Guo
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xueao Zheng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Zhengzhong Kang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Yalong Xu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Peijian Cao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Qiansi Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, 102209, China.
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Guo Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Cao P, Wang X, Tian Z. Characterization key genes of Arabidopsis seedlings in response to β-caryophyllene, eugenol using combined transcriptome and WGCN analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1295779. [PMID: 38239209 PMCID: PMC10794411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1295779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Weeds present a significant challenge to high crop yield and quality. In our study, we investigated the phytotoxic activity of β-caryophyllene (BCP) and eugenol, which are natural allelopathic chemical compounds, on Arabidopsis seedlings. We found that these compounds inhibited the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. When either BCP or eugenol was applied, it led to decrease in the content of cell wall components such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin; and increase in the levels of endogenous hormones like ETH, ABA, SA, and JA in the seedlings. Through transcriptome profiling, we identified 7181 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the roots and shoots that were induced by BCP or eugenol. The genes involved in the synthesis of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin were down-regulated, whereas genes related to synthesis and signal transduction of ABA, ETH, SA, and JA were up-regulated. However, genes related to IAA synthesis and signal transduction were found to be down-regulated. Furthermore, we characterized 24 hub genes using Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA). Among them, the identified 16 genes in response to BCP was primarily associated with hypoxia stress, while 8 genes induced by eugenol were linked to inhibition of cell division. Our results suggested that BCP and eugenol had ability to target multiple genes to inhibit growth and development of Arabidopsis plants. Therefore, they can serve as excellent candidates for natural biological herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaran Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuting Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ping Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zengyuan Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Saini H, Thakur R, Gill R, Tyagi K, Goswami M. CRISPR/Cas9-gene editing approaches in plant breeding. GM CROPS & FOOD 2023; 14:1-17. [PMID: 37725519 PMCID: PMC10512805 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2256930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is recently developed robust genome editing technology for accelerating plant breeding. Various modifications of this editing system have been established for adaptability in plant varieties as well as for its improved efficiency and portability. This review provides an in-depth look at the various strategies for synthesizing gRNAs for efficient delivery in plant cells, including chemical synthesis and in vitro transcription. It also covers traditional analytical tools and emerging developments in detection methods to analyze CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutation in plant breeding. Additionally, the review outlines the various analytical tools which are used to detect and analyze CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutations, such as next-generation sequencing, restriction enzyme analysis, and southern blotting. Finally, the review discusses emerging detection methods, including digital PCR and qPCR. Hence, CRISPR/Cas9 has great potential for transforming agriculture and opening avenues for new advancements in the system for gene editing in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Saini
- School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- School of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajneesh Thakur
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rubina Gill
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely professional university, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Kalpana Tyagi
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manika Goswami
- Department of Fruit Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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4
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Zhu L, Yang J, Zhang Y, Hu H, Cui J, Xue J, Xu J. Overexpression of CfICE1 from Cryptomeria fortunei Enhances Cold, Drought and Salt Stress in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315214. [PMID: 36499538 PMCID: PMC9736380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ICE1, a regulator of the cold-inducible transcriptome and freezing tolerance, is currently widely believed to be involved in plant resistance to cold stress. In this study, CfICE1 from Cryptomeria fortunei was transformed into poplar. Physiological indicators of transgenic, empty vector and wild-type poplar after abiotic stress (cold, drought and salt) were determined. Transgenic lines had a higher chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content, as well as a lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. The ultrastructure of the plant was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and after stress, the cell structure of the transgenic line was more complete than that of the wild type. CfICE1 was upregulated in transgenic poplar trees after abiotic stress (cold, drought and salt). The CfICE1 transgenic plants improved plant resistance by regulating the CBF gene of poplar under cold and salt stress. In terms of plant responses to abiotic stress, this study showed that overexpression of CfICE1 improved the cold, drought and salt tolerance of poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-1383-1609
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5
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Dai X, Zhang S, Liu S, Qi H, Duan X, Han Z, Wang J. Functional Characterization and Phenotyping of Protoplasts on a Microfluidics-Based Flow Cytometry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090688. [PMID: 36140072 PMCID: PMC9496511 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the phenotypic heterogeneity of protoplasts requires a comprehensive analysis of the morphological and metabolic characteristics of many individual cells. In this study, we developed a microfluidic flow cytometry with fluorescence sensor for functional characterization and phenotyping of protoplasts to allow an unbiased assessment of the influence of environmental factors at the single cell level. First, based on the measurement of intracellular homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a DCFH-DA dye, the effects of various external stress factors such as H2O2, temperature, ultraviolet (UV) light, and cadmium ions on intracellular ROS accumulation in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts were quantitatively investigated. Second, a faster and stronger oxidative burst was observed in Petunia protoplasts isolated from white petals than in those isolated from purple petals, demonstrating the photoprotective role of anthocyanins. Third, using mutants with different endogenous auxin, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of auxin during the process of primary cell wall regeneration. Moreover, UV-B irradiation has a similar accelerating effect by increasing the intracellular auxin level, as shown by double fluorescence channels. In summary, our work has revealed previously underappreciated phenotypic variability within a protoplast population and demonstrated the advantages of a microfluidic flow cytometry for assessing the in vivo dynamics of plant metabolic and physiological indices at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingda Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (J.W.)
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6
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Barabasz-Krasny B, Możdżeń K, Tatoj A, Rożek K, Zandi P, Schnug E, Stachurska-Swakoń A. Ecophysiological Parameters of Medicinal Plant Filipendula vulgaris in Diverse Habitat Conditions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081198. [PMID: 36009829 PMCID: PMC9405296 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to determine which of the habitats occupied by Filipendula vulgaris creates better conditions for its growth and development. Selected physiological parameters—PSII activity, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide content as well as biomass, the occurrence of mycorrhiza, and soil characteristics—were investigated. Grassland soils had a higher content of macronutrients and a lower concentration of heavy metals. The degree of colonization of F. vulgaris by AMF (Arum type) oscillated around high values in both types of stands. Plants growing on xerothermic grasslands achieved much better fluorescence parameters than those collected from meadows. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of chlorophyll content. The destabilization degree of cell membranes was significantly higher in plants collected in meadows than in grasslands. Biomass analysis showed higher values of these parameters in grassland plants. In the case of the parameters of fluorescence emission, plants growing on grasslands achieved significantly lower values than plants collected from meadows. The analyses carried out showed that better conditions for growth and physiological activity of F. vulgaris are probably associated with grasslands on a calcareous substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Barabasz-Krasny
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Tatoj
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rożek
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Peiman Zandi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
- International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewald Schnug
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Plant Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38-106 Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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He Y, Mudgett M, Zhao Y. Advances in gene editing without residual transgenes in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1757-1768. [PMID: 34893903 PMCID: PMC8968301 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgene residuals in edited plants affect genetic analysis, pose off-target risks, and cause regulatory concerns. Several strategies have been developed to efficiently edit target genes without leaving any transgenes in plants. Some approaches directly address this issue by editing plant genomes with DNA-free reagents. On the other hand, DNA-based techniques require another step for ensuring plants are transgene-free. Fluorescent markers, pigments, and chemical treatments have all been employed as tools to distinguish transgenic plants from transgene-free plants quickly and easily. Moreover, suicide genes have been used to trigger self-elimination of transgenic plants, greatly improving the efficiency of isolating the desired transgene-free plants. Transgenes can also be excised from plant genomes using site-specific recombination, transposition or gene editing nucleases, providing a strategy for editing asexually produced plants. Finally, haploid induction coupled with gene editing may make it feasible to edit plants that are recalcitrant to transformation. Here, we evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of recently developed approaches for obtaining edited plants without transgene residuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Michael Mudgett
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
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8
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Sharma A, Chouhan A, Bhatt T, Kaur A, Minhas AP. Selectable Markers to Marker-Free Selection in Rice. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:841-851. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083932. [PMID: 33920313 PMCID: PMC8069233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.
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10
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Nuccio ML, Claeys H, Heyndrickx KS. CRISPR-Cas technology in corn: a new key to unlock genetic knowledge and create novel products. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:11. [PMID: 37309473 PMCID: PMC10236071 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its inception in 2012, CRISPR-Cas technologies have taken the life science community by storm. Maize genetics research is no exception. Investigators around the world have adapted CRISPR tools to advance maize genetics research in many ways. The principle application has been targeted mutagenesis to confirm candidate genes identified using map-based methods. Researchers are also developing tools to more effectively apply CRISPR-Cas technologies to maize because successful application of CRISPR-Cas relies on target gene identification, guide RNA development, vector design and construction, CRISPR-Cas reagent delivery to maize tissues, and plant characterization, each contributing unique challenges to CRISPR-Cas efficacy. Recent advances continue to chip away at major barriers that prevent more widespread use of CRISPR-Cas technologies in maize, including germplasm-independent delivery of CRISPR-Cas reagents and production of high-resolution genomic data in relevant germplasm to facilitate CRISPR-Cas experimental design. This has led to the development of novel breeding tools to advance maize genetics and demonstrations of how CRISPR-Cas technologies might be used to enhance maize germplasm. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01200-9.
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11
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He Y, Zhu M, Wu J, Ouyang L, Wang R, Sun H, Yan L, Wang L, Xu M, Zhan H, Zhao Y. Repurposing of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Plant Transformation and Genome Editing. Front Genome Ed 2020; 2:607982. [PMID: 34713232 PMCID: PMC8525376 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.607982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology has been very effective in editing genes in many plant species including rice. Here we further improve the current CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in both efficiency and time needed for isolation of transgene-free and target gene-edited plants. We coupled the CRISPR/Cas9 cassette with a unit that activates anthocyanin biosynthesis, providing a visible marker for detecting the presence of transgenes. The anthocyanin-marker assisted CRISPR (AAC) technology enables us to identify transgenic events even at calli stage, to select transformants with elevated Cas9 expression, and to identify transgene-free plants in the field. We used the AAC technology to edit LAZY1 and G1 and successfully generated many transgene-free and target gene-edited plants at T1 generation. The AAC technology greatly reduced the labor, time, and costs needed for editing target genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lejun Ouyang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Rongchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huadong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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12
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CRISPR/Cas9: A Robust Genome-Editing Tool with Versatile Functions and Endless Application. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145111. [PMID: 32698333 PMCID: PMC7404002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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13
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CRISPR-Cas9 System for Plant Genome Editing: Current Approaches and Emerging Developments. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 has been widely adopted as a genetic engineering tool in various biological systems. This editing technology has been in the limelight due to its simplicity and versatility compared to other previously known genome editing platforms. Several modifications of this editing system have been established for adoption in a variety of plants, as well as for its improved efficiency and portability, bringing new opportunities for the development of transgene-free improved varieties of economically important crops. This review presents an overview of CRISPR-Cas9 and its application in plant genome editing. A catalog of the current and emerging approaches for the implementation of the system in plants is also presented with details on the existing gaps and limitations. Strategies for the establishment of the CRISPR-Cas9 molecular construct such as the selection of sgRNAs, PAM compatibility, choice of promoters, vector architecture, and multiplexing approaches are emphasized. Progress in the delivery and transgene detection methods, together with optimization approaches for improved on-target efficiency are also detailed in this review. The information laid out here will provide options useful for the effective and efficient exploitation of the system for plant genome editing and will serve as a baseline for further developments of the system. Future combinations and fine-tuning of the known parameters or factors that contribute to the editing efficiency, fidelity, and portability of CRISPR-Cas9 will indeed open avenues for new technological advancements of the system for targeted gene editing in plants.
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Yang X, Wang S, Yu W, Zheng Y, Wu Y. Inhibition of ITGB1 enhance the anti-tumor effect of cetuximab in colorectal cancer cell. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20944. [PMID: 32629699 PMCID: PMC7337548 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the second commonly seen cancer around the world and accounts for 13% of all human cancers. Among them, 25% of all case were diagnosed with metastasis and 50% occurs metastasis during the development of disease. Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor, and is used for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer alone or combined with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Integrin-beta 1 (ITGB1), which is also known as CD29, and plays an important role in development of malignant cancers. However, the effect of ITGB1 in promoting the anti-tumor effect of cetuximab is not fully understand. METHODS The model of ITGB1 inhibition and overexpression was firstly constructed in LS174T cells, and the viability of cells in each group was detected using CCK-8 assay. The expression of key factors in tumor formation process at transcription level was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. The expression of key proteins in metastasis process, cell apoptosis and activation of Ras/Raf/MEK signaling pathway was detected using western blotting analysis. And the concentration of key factors of in tumor formation process in cultured medium of LS174T cells were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS We found that cetuximab could inhibit the proliferation of LS174T cells, and inhibition of ITGB1 enhanced this effect while overexpression of ITGB1 reduced this effect. We further found that cetuximab could inhibit the expression and secretion of extracellular matrix degradation related molecules in cultured medium and transcription level. Besides, we also found that the expression of key factors in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix degradation related proteins were also reduced after cetuximab treatment. These effects might be mediated by Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway and enhanced after inhibition of ITGB1 expression. CONCLUSION Inhibition of ITGB1 might be a new therapeutic method in colorectal cancer.
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Carril P, da Silva AB, Tenreiro R, Cruz C. An Optimized in situ Quantification Method of Leaf H 2O 2 Unveils Interaction Dynamics of Pathogenic and Beneficial Bacteria in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:889. [PMID: 32714347 PMCID: PMC7344315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) functions as an important signaling molecule in plants during biotic interactions. However, the extent to which H2O2 accumulates during these interactions and its implications in the development of disease symptoms is unclear. In this work, we provide a step-by-step optimized protocol for in situ quantification of relative H2O2 concentrations in wheat leaves infected with the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens (Psa), either alone or in the presence of the beneficial bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae (RAM10). This protocol involved the use of 3-3'diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining method combined with image processing to conduct deconvolution and downstream analysis of the digitalized leaf image. The application of a linear regression model allowed to relate the intensity of the pixels resulting from DAB staining with a given concentration of H2O2. Decreasing H2O2 accumulation patterns were detected at increasing distances from the site of pathogen infection, and H2O2 concentrations were different depending on the bacterial combinations tested. Notably, Psa-challenged plants in presence of RAM10 accumulated less H2O2 in the leaf and showed reduced necrotic symptoms, pointing to a potential role of RAM10 in reducing pathogen-triggered H2O2 levels in young wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carril
- Plant-Soil Ecology Laboratory, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bernardes da Silva
- BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rogério Tenreiro
- BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Plant-Soil Ecology Laboratory, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Yue JJ, Hong CY, Wei P, Tsai YC, Lin CS. How to start your monocot CRISPR/Cas project: plasmid design, efficiency detection, and offspring analysis. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:9. [PMID: 32016561 PMCID: PMC6997315 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The breakthrough CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9-mediated genome-editing technology has led to great progress in monocot research; however, several factors need to be considered for the efficient implementation of this technology. To generate genome-edited crops, single guide (sg)RNA and Cas9 DNA are delivered into plant cells and expressed, and the predicted position is targeted. Analyses of successful targeted mutations have revealed that the expression levels, expression timing, and variants of both sgRNA and Cas9 need to be sophisticatedly regulated; therefore, the promoters of these genes and the target site positions are the key factors for genome-editing efficiency. Currently, various vectors and online tools are available to aid sgRNA design. Furthermore, to reduce the sequence limitation of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and for other purposes, many Cas protein variants and base editors can be used in plants. Before the stable transformation of a plant, the evaluation of vectors and target sites is therefore very important. Moreover, the delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) is one strategy that can be used to prevent transgene issues with the expression of sgRNA and Cas proteins. RNPs can be used to efficiently generate transgene-free genome-edited crops that can reduce transgene issues related to the generation of genetically modified organisms. In this review, we introduce new techniques for genome editing and identifying marker-free genome-edited mutants in monocot crops. Four topics are covered: the design and construction of plasmids for genome editing in monocots; alternatives to SpCas9; protoplasts and CRISPR; and screening for marker-free CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants. We have aimed to encompass a full spectrum of information for genome editing in monocot crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jun Yue
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chwan-Yang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Chang Tsai
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Choun-Sea Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ku HK, Ha SH. Improving Nutritional and Functional Quality by Genome Editing of Crops: Status and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:577313. [PMID: 33193521 PMCID: PMC7644509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.577313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-editing tools including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system have been applied to improve the quality of staple, oilseed, and horticultural crops with great accuracy and efficiency compared to conventional breeding. In particular, the CRISPR method has proven to be a feasible, cost-effective and versatile tool allowing precise and efficient editing of plant genomes in recent years, showing great potential in crop improvement. Until now, various genome-edited crops with enhanced commercial value have been developed by not only global companies but also small laboratories in universities, suggesting low entry barriers with respect to manpower and capital. In this study, we review the current applications of genome editing technologies to improve the nutritional and functional quality and preferred traits of various crops. Combining this rapidly advancing genome-editing technology and conventional breeding will greatly extend the potential of genome-edited crops and their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- *Correspondence: Sun-Hwa Ha, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-7645
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