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Yang X, Yan S, Li G, Li Y, Li J, Cui Z, Sun S, Huo J, Sun Y. Rice-Magnaporthe oryzae interactions in resistant and susceptible rice cultivars under panicle blast infection based on defense-related enzyme activities and metabolomics. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299999. [PMID: 38451992 PMCID: PMC10919634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae), is a global threat to food security, with up to 50% yield losses. Panicle blast is a severe form of rice blast, and disease responses vary between cultivars with different genotypes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling reactions and the phenylpropanoid pathway are important defense mechanisms involved in recognizing and resisting against fungal infection. To understand rice-M. oryzae interactions in resistant and susceptible cultivars, we determined dynamic changes in the activities of five defense-related enzymes in resistant cultivar jingsui 18 and susceptible cultivar jinyuan 899 infected with M. oryzae from 4 to 25 days after infection. We then performed untargeted metabolomics analyses to profile the metabolomes of the cultivars under infected and non-infected conditions. Dynamic changes in the activities of five defense-related enzymes were closely related to panicle blast resistance in rice. Metabolome data analysis identified 634 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) between resistant and susceptible cultivars following infection, potentially explaining differences in disease response between varieties. The most enriched DAMs were associated with lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids and derivatives, and lignans, neolignans, and related compounds. Multiple metabolic pathways are involved in resistance to panicle blast in rice, including biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, lysine biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Shuangyong Yan
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Junling Li
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Zhongqiu Cui
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Jianfei Huo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
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Zhao T, Tang P, Liu C, Zuo R, Su S, Zhong Y, Li Y, Yang J. Multi-Omics Approach Reveals OsPIL1 as a Regulator Promotes Rice Growth, Grain Development, and Blast Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1822-1843. [PMID: 38192056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a crucial crop, achieving high yield concurrent pathogen resistance remains a challenge. Transcription factors play roles in growth and abiotic tolerance. However, rice phytochrome-interacting factor-like 1 (OsPIL1) in pathogen resistance and agronomic traits remains unexplored. We generated OsPIL1 overexpressing (OsPIL1 OE) rice lines and evaluated their impact on growth, grain development, and resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Multiomics analysis (RNA-seq, metabolomics, and CUT&Tag) and RT-qPCR validated OsPIL1 target genes and key metabolites. In the results, OsPIL1 OE rice lines exhibited robust growth, longer grains, and enhanced resistance to M. oryzae without compromising growth. Integrative multiomics analysis revealed a coordinated regulatory network centered on OsPIL1, explaining these desirable traits. OsPIL1 likely acts as a positive regulator, targeting transcriptional elements or specific genes with direct functions in several biological programs. In particular, a range of key signaling genes (phosphatases, kinases, plant hormone genes, transcription factors), and metabolites (linolenic acid, vitamin E, trigonelline, d-glucose, serotonin, choline, genistein, riboflavin) contributed to enhanced rice growth, grain size, pathogen resistance, or a combination of these traits. These findings highlight OsPIL1's regulatory role in promoting important traits and provide insights into potential strategies for rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chonglan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rubin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shunyu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Martín-Cardoso H, Bundó M, Val-Torregrosa B, San Segundo B. Phosphate accumulation in rice leaves promotes fungal pathogenicity and represses host immune responses during pathogen infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1330349. [PMID: 38298608 PMCID: PMC10827867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1330349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important crops in the world and a staple food for more than half of the world's population. At present, the blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae poses a severe threat to food security through reduction of rice yields worldwide. High phosphate fertilization has previously been shown to increase blast susceptibility. At present, however, our knowledge on the mechanisms underpinning phosphate-induced susceptibility to M. oryzae infection in rice is limited. In this work, we conducted live cell imaging on rice sheaths inoculated with a M. oryzae strain expressing two fluorescently-tagged M. oryzae effectors. We show that growing rice under high phosphate fertilization, and subsequent accumulation of phosphate in leaf sheaths, promotes invasive growth of M. oryzae. Consistent with this, stronger expression of M. oryzae effectors and Pathogenicity Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (PMK1) occurs in leaf sheaths of rice plants grown under high a phosphate regime. Down-regulation of fungal genes encoding suppressors of plant cell death and up-regulation of plant cell death-inducing effectors also occurs in sheaths of phosphate over-accumulating rice plants. Treatment with high Pi causes alterations in the expression of fungal phosphate transporter genes potentially contributing to pathogen virulence. From the perspective of the plant, Pi accumulation in leaf sheaths prevents H2O2 accumulation early during M. oryzae infection which was associated to a weaker activation of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologs (RBOHs) genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further, a weaker activation of defense-related genes occurs during infection in rice plants over-accumulating phosphate. From these results, it can be concluded that phosphate fertilization has an effect on the two interacting partners, pathogen and host. Phosphate-mediated stimulation of fungal effector genes (e.g., potentiation of fungal pathogenicity) in combination with repression of pathogen-inducible immune responses (e.g., ROS accumulation, defense gene expression) explains higher colonization by M. oryzae in rice tissues accumulating phosphate. Phosphate content can therefore be considered as an important factor in determining the outcome of the rice/M. oryzae interaction. As fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used in rice cultivation to maintain optimal yield and to prevent losses caused by pathogens, a better understanding of how phosphate impacts blast susceptibility is crucial for developing strategies to rationally optimize fertilizer and pesticide use in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Martín-Cardoso
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, C/de la Vall Moronta, CRAG Building, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, C/de la Vall Moronta, CRAG Building, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Val-Torregrosa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, C/de la Vall Moronta, CRAG Building, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, C/de la Vall Moronta, CRAG Building, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Ando S, Otawara S, Tabei Y, Tsushima S. Plasmodiophora brassicae affects host gene expression by secreting the transcription factor-type effector PbZFE1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:454-467. [PMID: 37738570 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The protist pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae hijacks the metabolism and development of host cruciferous plants and induces clubroot formation, but little is known about its regulatory mechanisms. Previously, the Pnit2int2 sequence, a sequence around the second intron of the nitrilase gene (BrNIT2) involved in auxin biosynthesis in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, was identified as a specific promoter activated during clubroot formation. In this study, we hypothesized that analysis of the transcriptional regulation of Pnit2int2 could reveal how P. brassicae affects the host gene regulatory system during clubroot development. By yeast one-hybrid screening, the pathogen zinc finger protein PbZFE1 was identified to specifically bind to Pnit2int2. Specific binding of PbZFE1 to Pnit2int2 was also confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The binding site of PbZFE1 is essential for promoter activity of Pnit2int2 in clubbed roots of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Pnit2int2-2::GUS), indicating that PbZFE1 is secreted from P. brassicae and functions within plant cells. Ectopic expression of PbZEF1 in A. thaliana delayed growth and flowering time, suggesting that PbZFE1 has significant impacts on host development and metabolic systems. Thus, P. brassicae appears to secrete PbZFE1 into host cells as a transcription factor-type effector during pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugihiro Ando
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Otawara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- Division of Plant Sciences, The Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Seiya Tsushima
- Strategic Planning Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-1 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
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Su S, Tang P, Zuo R, Chen H, Zhao T, Yang S, Yang J. Exogenous Jasmonic Acid Alleviates Blast Resistance Reduction Caused by LOX3 Knockout in Rice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1197. [PMID: 37627262 PMCID: PMC10452216 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) is a lipid peroxidase found in rice embryos that is known to affect seed quality. Interestingly, deletion of the LOX3 gene has been shown to improve rice seed quality but decrease resistance to rice blast disease and drought. To investigate these opposing effects, we generated a LOX3 knockout construct (ΔLox3) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Blast resistance and transcription levels of rice genes in ΔLox3 rice plants and the effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) on resistance and transcriptional levels of rice genes in Magnaporthe oryzae-infected ΔLox3 rice plants were further elucidated. The results showed that the ΔLox3 plants exhibited normal phenotypes, with high levels of methyl-linolenate and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the genes involved in three Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways contributed to rice seed quality. M. oryzae-infected ΔLox3 plants exhibited serious blast symptoms with a reduced defense response but increased ROS-mediated cell death, and the genes involved in seven KEGG pathways contributed to rice seed quality. Exogenous JA treatment alleviated blast symptoms in infected ΔLox3 plants by hindering hyphal expansion, inhibiting ROS-mediated cell death, and increasing the defense response, and genes involved in 12 KEGG pathways contributed to rice seed quality. These findings demonstrate that LOX3 plays an important role in rice growth and defense, and its knockout improves rice quality at the expense of disease resistance. Exogenous JA provides a means to compensate for the reduction in defense responses of LOX3 knockout rice lines, suggesting potential applications in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rubin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Lee S, Völz R, Lim YJ, Harris W, Kim S, Lee YH. The nuclear effector MoHTR3 of Magnaporthe oryzae modulates host defence signalling in the biotrophic stage of rice infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:602-615. [PMID: 36977203 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal effectors play a pivotal role in suppressing the host defence system, and their evolution is highly dynamic. By comparative sequence analysis of plant-pathogenic fungi and Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified the small secreted C2 H2 zinc finger protein MoHTR3. MoHTR3 exhibited high conservation in M. oryzae strains but low conservation among other plant-pathogenic fungi, suggesting an emerging evolutionary selection process. MoHTR3 is exclusively expressed in the biotrophic stage of fungal invasion, and the encoded protein localizes to the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) and the host cell nucleus. The signal peptide crucial for MoHTR3' secretion to the BIC and the protein section required for its translocation to the nucleus were both identified by a functional protein domain study. The host-nuclear localization of MoHTR3 suggests a function as a transcriptional modulator of host defence gene induction. After ΔMohtr3 infection, the expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-associated genes was diminished in rice, in contrast to when the MoHTR3-overexpressing strain (MoHTR3ox) was applied. The transcript levels of salicylic acid- and defence-related genes were also affected after ΔMohtr3 and MoHTR3ox application. In pathogenicity assays, ΔMohtr3 was indistinguishable from the wild type. However, MoHTR3ox-infected plants showed diminished lesion formation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, accompanied by a decrease in susceptibility, suggesting that the MoHTR3-induced manipulation of host cells affects host-pathogen interaction. MoHTR3 emphasizes the role of the host nucleus as a critical target for the pathogen-driven manipulation of host defence mechanisms and underscores the ongoing evolution of rice blast's arms race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ronny Völz
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Lim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Huang C, Peng J, Zhang W, Chethana T, Wang X, Wang H, Yan J. LtGAPR1 Is a Novel Secreted Effector from Lasiodiplodia theobromae That Interacts with NbPsQ2 to Negatively Regulate Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020188. [PMID: 36836303 PMCID: PMC9967411 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effector proteins secreted by a pathogen not only promote the virulence and infection of the pathogen but also trigger plant defense response. Lasiodiplodia theobromae secretes many effectors that modulate and hijack grape processes to colonize host cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we report LtGAPR1, which has been proven to be a secreted protein. In our study, LtGAPR1 played a negative role in virulence. By co-immunoprecipitation, 23 kDa oxygen-evolving enhancer 2 (NbPsbQ2) was identified as a host target of LtGAPR1. The overexpression of NbPsbQ2 in Nicotiana benthamiana reduced susceptibility to L. theobromae, and the silencing of NbPsbQ2 enhanced L. theobromae infection. LtGAPR1 and NbPsbQ2 were confirmed to interact with each other. Transiently, expressed LtGAPR1 activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in N. benthamiana leaves. However, in NbPsbQ2-silenced leaves, ROS production was impaired. Overall, our report revealed that LtGAPR1 promotes ROS accumulation by interacting with NbPsbQ2, thereby triggering plant defenses that negatively regulate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Junbo Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Thilini Chethana
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Xuncheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiye Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-5150-3212
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Vuong UT, Iswanto ABB, Nguyen Q, Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Kim SH. Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:17-45. [PMID: 36036862 PMCID: PMC9829404 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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9
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Ma X, Duan G, Chen H, Tang P, Su S, Wei Z, Yang J. Characterization of infected process and primary mechanism in rice Acuce defense against rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:219-234. [PMID: 35759052 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification of infection process and defense response during M. oryzae infecting Acuce. Magnaporthe oryzae is a destructive rice pathogen. Recent studies have focused on the initial infectious stage, with a few studies conducted to elucidate the characteristics of the late infectious stages. This study aims to decipher the characteristics at different stages (biotrophic, biotrophy-necrotrophy switch (BNS), and necrotrophic) between the interaction of two M. oryzae-rice combinations and investigate the resistance mechanisms of rice to M. oryzae using cytological and molecular methods. The biotrophic phase of M. oryzae-LTH compatible interaction was found to be longer than that of M. oryzae-Acuce incompatible interaction. We also found that jasmonic acid (JA) signaling plays an important role in defense by regulating antimicrobial compound accumulation in infected Acuce via a synergistic interaction of JA-salicylic acid (SA) and JA-ethylene (ET). In infected LTH, JA-ET/JA-SA showed antagonistic interaction. Ibuprofen (IBU) is a JA inhibitor. Despite the above findings, we found that exogenous JA-Ile and IBU significantly alleviated blast symptoms in infected LTH at 36 hpi (biotrophic) and 72 hpi (BNS), indicating these two-time points may be critical for managing blast disease in the compatible interaction. Conversely, IBU significantly increased blast symptoms on the infected Acuce at 36 hpi, confirming that the JA signal plays a central role in the defense response in infected Acuce. According to transcriptional analysis, the number of genes enriched in the plant hormone signal pathway was significantly higher than in other pathways. Our findings suggested that JA-mediated defense mechanism is essential in regulating Acuce resistance, particularly during the biotrophic and BNS phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shunyu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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10
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Marwein R, Singh S, Maharana J, Kumar S, Arunkumar KP, Velmurugan N, Chikkaputtaiah C. Transcriptome-wide analysis of North-East Indian rice cultivars in response to Bipolaris oryzae infection revealed the importance of early response to the pathogen in suppressing the disease progression. Gene 2022; 809:146049. [PMID: 34743920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brown spot disease (BSD) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by Bipolaris oryzae is one of the major and neglected fungal diseases worldwide affecting rice production. Despite its significance, very limited knowledge on genetics and genomics of rice in response to B. oryzae available. Our study firstly identified moderately resistant (Gitesh) and susceptible (Shahsarang) North-East Indian rice cultivars in response to a native Bipolaris oryzae isolate BO1. Secondly, a systematic comparative RNA seq was performed for both cultivars at four different time points viz. 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours post infestation (hpi). Differential gene expression analysis revealed the importance of early response to the pathogen in suppressing disease progression. The pathogen negatively regulates the expression of photosynthetic-related genes at early stages in both cultivars. Of the cell wall modification enzymes, cellulose synthase and callose synthase are important for signal transduction and defense. Cell wall receptors OsLYP6, OsWAK80 might positively and OsWAK25 negatively regulate disease resistance. Jasmonic acid and/or abscisic acid signaling pathways are presumably involved in disease resistance, whereas salicylic acid pathway, and an ethylene response gene OsEBP-89 in promoting disease. Surprisingly, pathogenesis-related proteins showed no antimicrobial impact on the pathogen. Additionally, transcription factors OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY45 together might negatively regulate resistance to the pathogen. Taken together, our study has identified and provide key regulatory genes involved in response to B. oryzae which serve as potential resources for functional genetic analysis to develop genetic tolerance to BSD of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riwandahun Marwein
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jitendra Maharana
- Distributed Information Centre (DIC), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kallare P Arunkumar
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute (CMER&TI), Lahdoigarh, Jorhat 785700, Assam, India
| | - Natarajan Velmurugan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Biological Sciences Division, Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, CSIR-NEIST, Naharlagun 791110, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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11
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Li X, Liu M, Liu Y, Zhao W, Li S, Liu W, Lin C, Miao W. A putative effector of the rubber-tree powdery mildew fungus has elicitor activity that can trigger plant immunity. PLANTA 2022; 255:33. [PMID: 34997357 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A putative powdery mildew effector can elicit defense responses including reactive oxygen species and callose accumulations in model plants Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana and host plant Hevea brasiliensis. Powdery mildew fungi cause severe diseases in many agricultural plants, such as the mildew fungus Erysiphe quercicola infecting the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), causing latex yield losses. However, effectors of E. quercicola were rarely functionally characterized. In this study, we identified a highly specific candidate-secreted effector protein, EqCSEP04187, from E. quercicola. This putative effector is expressed at the late stage but not the early stage during infection. The constitutive expression of EqCSEP04187 in model plants Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana elicited defense responses, as did transient expression of EqCSEP04187 in protoplasts of H. brasiliensis. Introducing EqCSEP04187 into another H. brasiliensis-associated fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, inhibited H. brasiliensis infection, and infection by E. quercicola was decreased in the A. thaliana eds1 mutant expressing EqCSEP04187. Further analysis suggests that these reductions in infection were the consequences of EqCSEP04187 eliciting defense responses. Our study suggests that this putative effector has elicitor activity that can improve plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Sipeng Li
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China.
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12
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Duan G, Ma X, Shi Z, Yang Y, Chen H, Huang Q, Yang J. MoSDT1 triggers defense response through modulating phosphorylated proteins in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:15-30. [PMID: 34622380 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MoSDT1, a rice blast fungus transcription factor, is as an inducer to activate defense response through mainly mediating phosphorylated proteins in rice. Pathogen effector proteins play a dual role in infecting the host or triggering a defense response. Our previous research found a Magnaporthe oryzae effector, MoSDT1, which could activate the rice defense response when it was overexpressed in rice. However, we still know little about the mechanisms on how MoSDT1 in vivo or in vitro influences the resistance ability of rice. Our results showed that decreased ROS and increased lignin contents appeared along with significant upregulation of defense-related genes, raffinose synthesis gene, and phenylalanine ammonialyase gene. Moreover, we revealed that the contents of lignin were increased, which was in accordance with the upregulation of its precursor phenylalanine gene despite the fact that the glutamate-/thiamine-responsive genes were inhibited in MoSDT1 transgenic rice, and these indicated that MoSDT1 triggered the defense system of rice in vivo. Interestingly, in vitro studies, we further found that MoSDT1 induced the defense system by ROS synthesis, callose deposition, PR gene expression and SA/JA synthesis/signal genes using the purified prokaryotic expression system in rice plants. In addition, this defense response was confirmed to be activated by the zinc finger domain of MoSDT1 via prokaryotic expression of MoSDT1 truncated mutants in rice plants. To elucidate the regulative effects of MoSDT1 on protein phosphorylation in rice, phosphoproteome analysis was performed in both MoSDT1-transgenic and wild type rice. We found that MoSDT1 specifically up-regulated the expression levels of a few phosphorylated proteins, which were involved in multiple functions, such as biotic/abiotic stress and growth. In addition, the motifs in these specific proteins ranked the top among the top-five conserved motifs in the MoSDT1-transgenic rice. MoSDT1 played a crucial role in enhancing rice resistance by modulating several genes and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhufeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Duan G, Li C, Liu Y, Ma X, Luo Q, Yang J. Magnaporthe oryzae systemic defense trigger 1 (MoSDT1)-mediated metabolites regulate defense response in Rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:40. [PMID: 33430779 PMCID: PMC7802159 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance. RESULTS In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening. CONCLUSION The increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Chunqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
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14
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Zhang C, Du P, Yan H, Zhu Z, Wang X, Li W. A Sec-Dependent Secretory Protein of the Huanglongbing-Associated Pathogen Suppresses Hypersensitive Cell Death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:594669. [PMID: 33329478 PMCID: PMC7734103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.594669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas) is a phloem-restricted Gram-negative bacterium that is the causal agent of citrus huanglongbing (HLB). In this study, we identified a CLas-encoded Sec-dependent secretory protein CLIBASIA_04405 that could contribute to the pathogenicity of this bacterium. The gene expression level of CLIBASIA_04405 was significantly higher in citrus than in psyllids. Transient overexpression of the mature CLIBASIA_04405 protein (m4405) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could suppress hypersensitive response (HR)-based cell death and H2O2 accumulation triggered by the mouse BAX and the Phytophthora infestans INF1. An alanine-substitution mutagenesis assay revealed the essential of amino acid clusters EKR45-47 and DE64-65 in cell death suppression. Challenge inoculation of the transgenic N. benthamiana-expressing m4405 with Pseudomonas syringae DC3000ΔhopQ1-1 demonstrated the greatly reduced bacterial proliferation. Remarkably, transcriptome profiling and RT-qPCR analysis disclosed that the gene expression of six small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), a set of plant defense regulators, were significantly elevated in the transgenic m4405 lines compared with those in wild-type N. benthamiana. In addition, the transgenic m4405 lines displayed phenotypes of dwarfism and leaf deformation. Altogether, these data indicated that m4405 was a virulence factor of CLas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peixiu Du
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Yan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Zongcai Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Wei YY, Liang S, Zhang YR, Lu JP, Lin FC, Liu XH. MoSec61β, the beta subunit of Sec61, is involved in fungal development and pathogenicity, plant immunity, and ER-phagy in Magnaporthe oryzae. Virulence 2020; 11:1685-1700. [PMID: 33200669 PMCID: PMC7714445 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1848983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the initial and decisive step in the biosynthesis of all secretory proteins and many soluble organelle proteins. In this process, the Sec61 complex is the protein-conducting channel for transport. In this study, we identified and characterized the β subunit of the Sec61 complex in Magnaporthe oryzae (MoSec61β). Compared with the wild-type strain Guy11, the ΔMosec61β mutant exhibited highly branched mycelial morphology, reduced conidiation, high sensitivity to cell wall integrity stress, severely reduced virulence to rice and barley, and restricted biotrophic invasion. The turgor pressure of ΔMosec61β was notably reduced, which affected the function of appressoria. Moreover, ΔMosec61β was also sensitive to oxidative stress and exhibited a reduced ability to overcome plant immunity. Further examination demonstrated that MoSec61β affected the normal secretion of the apoplastic effectors Bas4 and Slp1. In addition, ΔMosec61β upregulated the level of ER-phagy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the importance of the roles played by MoSec61β in the fungal development and pathogenesis of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University , Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
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