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Augustine R, Gezek M, Nikolopoulos VK, Buck PL, Bostanci NS, Camci-Unal G. Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Progress, Promises and Challenges. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10738-y. [PMID: 39028416 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Bone defects from accidents, congenital conditions, and age-related diseases significantly impact quality of life. Recent advancements in bone tissue engineering (TE) involve biomaterial scaffolds, patient-derived cells, and bioactive agents, enabling functional bone regeneration. Stem cells, obtained from numerous sources including umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and dental pulp, hold immense potential in bone TE. Induced pluripotent stem cells and genetically modified stem cells can also be used. Proper manipulation of physical, chemical, and biological stimulation is crucial for their proliferation, maintenance, and differentiation. Stem cells contribute to osteogenesis, osteoinduction, angiogenesis, and mineralization, essential for bone regeneration. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in stem cell-based TE for repairing and regenerating defective bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Radiology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Mert Gezek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | | | - Paige Lauren Buck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Nazli Seray Bostanci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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2
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Scodellaro C, Pina RR, Ferreira FC, Sanjuan-Alberte P, Fernandes TG. Unlocking the Potential of Stem Cell Microenvironments In Vitro. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:289. [PMID: 38534563 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine has recently witnessed groundbreaking advancements that hold immense promise for treating a wide range of diseases and injuries. At the forefront of this revolutionary progress are stem cells. Stem cells typically reside in specialized environments in vivo, known as microenvironments or niches, which play critical roles in regulating stem cell behavior and determining their fate. Therefore, understanding the complex microenvironments that surround stem cells is crucial for advancing treatment options in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Several research articles have made significant contributions to this field by exploring the interactions between stem cells and their surrounding niches, investigating the influence of biomechanical and biochemical cues, and developing innovative strategies for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the key findings and contributions of these studies, shedding light on the diverse applications that may arise from the understanding of stem cell microenvironments, thus harnessing the power of these microenvironments to transform the landscape of medicine and offer new avenues for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scodellaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel R Pina
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Ladero M, Reche-Sainz JA, Gallardo ME. Hereditary Optic Neuropathies: A Systematic Review on the Interplay between Biomaterials and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:52. [PMID: 38247929 PMCID: PMC10813088 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary optic neuropathies (HONs) such as dominant optic atrophy (DOA) and Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) are mitochondrial diseases characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and are a cause of blindness worldwide. To date, there are only limited disease-modifying treatments for these disorders. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has opened several promising opportunities in the field of HON research and the search for therapeutic approaches. This systematic review is focused on the two most frequent HONs (LHON and DOA) and on the recent studies related to the application of human iPSC technology in combination with biomaterials technology for their potential use in the development of RGC replacement therapies with the final aim of the improvement or even the restoration of the vision of HON patients. To this purpose, the combination of natural and synthetic biomaterials modified with peptides, neurotrophic factors, and other low- to medium-molecular weight compounds, mimicking the ocular extracellular matrices, with human iPSC or iPSC-derived cell retinal progenitors holds enormous potential to be exploited in the near future for the generation of transplantable RGC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ladero
- FQPIMA Group, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical Sciences School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Alberto Reche-Sainz
- Ophthalmology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research with iPS Cells Group, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Esther Gallardo
- Translational Research with iPS Cells Group, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Roman A, Huntemer-Silveira A, Waldron MA, Khalid Z, Blake J, Parr AM, Low WC. Cell Transplantation for Repair of the Spinal Cord and Prospects for Generating Region-Specific Exogenic Neuronal Cells. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241241998. [PMID: 38590295 PMCID: PMC11005494 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241241998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with currently irreversible consequences in several functional components of the central nervous system. Despite the severity of injury, there remains no approved treatment to restore function. However, with a growing number of preclinical studies and clinical trials, cell transplantation has gained significant potential as a treatment for SCI. Researchers have identified several cell types as potential candidates for transplantation. To optimize successful functional outcomes after transplantation, one key factor concerns generating neuronal cells with regional and subtype specificity, thus calling on the developmental transcriptome patterning of spinal cord cells. A potential source of spinal cord cells for transplantation is the generation of exogenic neuronal progenitor cells via the emerging technologies of gene editing and blastocyst complementation. This review highlights the use of cell transplantation to treat SCI in the context of relevant developmental gene expression patterns useful for producing regionally specific exogenic spinal cells via in vitro differentiation and blastocyst complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Roman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anne Huntemer-Silveira
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Madison A. Waldron
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zainab Khalid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Walter C. Low
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Ito E, Kawamura A, Kawamura T, Takeda M, Harada A, Mochizuki-Oda N, Sawa Y, Miyagawa S. Establishment of a protocol to administer immunosuppressive drugs for iPS cell-derived cardiomyocyte patch transplantation in a rat myocardial infarction model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10530. [PMID: 37385993 PMCID: PMC10310705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is a new, promising treatment for severe heart failure. However, immunorejection is a significant concern in allogeneic hiPSC-CM transplantation, requiring the administration of several immunosuppressive agents. An appropriate protocol for the administration of immunosuppressants may substantially affect the efficacy of hiPSC-CM transplantation in case of heart failure owing to allogeneic transplantation. In this study, we investigated the effect of immunosuppressant administration duration on the efficacy and safety of allogenic hiPSC-CM patch transplantation. We used a rat model of myocardial infarction to evaluate cardiac function using echocardiography six months after the transplantation of hiPSC-CM patches with immunosuppressant administration for either two or four months and compared them to control rats (sham operation, no immunosuppressant administration). Histological analysis performed at 6 months after hiPSC-CM patch transplantation revealed significant improvement in cardiac function in immunosuppressant-treated rats compared with those in the control group. Moreover, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte size was significantly reduced and the number of structurally mature blood vessels was significantly increased in the immunosuppressant-treated rats compared to control rats. However, there were no significant differences between the two immunosuppressant-treated groups. Our results show that prolonged administration of immunosuppressive agents did not enhance the effectiveness of hiPSC-CM patch transplantation, and therefore, highlight the importance of an appropriate immunological regimen for the clinical application of such transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ai Kawamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maki Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akima Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriko Mochizuki-Oda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Tissue engineering of decellularized pancreas scaffolds for regenerative medicine in diabetes. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:49-66. [PMID: 36427686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global disease requiring long-term treatment and monitoring. At present, pancreas or islet transplantation is the only reliable treatment for achieving stable euglycemia in Type I diabetes patients. However, the shortage of viable pancreata for transplantation limits the use of this therapy for the majority of patients. Organ decellularization and recellularization is emerging as a promising solution to overcome the shortage of viable organs for transplantation by providing a potential alternative source of donor organs. Several studies on decellularization and recellularization of rodent, porcine, and human pancreata have been performed, and show promise for generating usable decellularized pancreas scaffolds for subsequent recellularization and transplantation. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an overview of the latest advances in pancreas decellularization, recellularization, and revascularization. We also discuss clinical considerations such as potential transplantation sites, donor source, and immune considerations. We conclude with an outlook on the remaining work that needs to be done in order to realize the goal of using this technology to create bioengineered pancreata for transplantation in diabetes patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreas or islet transplantation is a means of providing insulin-independence in diabetes patients. However, due to the shortage of viable pancreata, whole-organ decellularization and recellularization is emerging as a promising solution to overcome organ shortage for transplantation. Several studies on decellularization and recellularization of rodent, porcine, and human pancreata have shown promise for generating usable decellularized pancreas scaffolds for subsequent recellularization and transplantation. In this state-of-the-art review, we highlight the latest advances in pancreas decellularization, recellularization, and revascularization. We also discuss clinical considerations such as potential transplantation sites, donor source, and immune considerations. We conclude with future work that needs to be done in order to realize clinical translation of bioengineered pancreata for transplantation in diabetes patients.
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Generation of the First Human In Vitro Model for McArdle Disease Based on iPSC Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213964. [PMID: 36430443 PMCID: PMC9692531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
McArdle disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PYGM gene. This gene encodes for the skeletal muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (myophosphorylase), the first enzyme in glycogenolysis. Patients with this disorder are unable to obtain energy from their glycogen stored in skeletal muscle, prompting an exercise intolerance. Currently, there is no treatment for this disease, and the lack of suitable in vitro human models has prevented the search for therapies against it. In this article, we have established the first human iPSC-based model for McArdle disease. For the generation of this model, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with McArdle disease (harbouring the homozygous mutation c.148C>T; p.R50* in the PYGM gene) were differentiated into myogenic cells able to contract spontaneously in the presence of motor neurons and generate calcium transients, a proof of their maturity and functionality. Additionally, an isogenic skeletal muscle model of McArdle disease was created. As a proof-of-concept, we have tested in this model the rescue of PYGM expression by two different read-through compounds (PTC124 and RTC13). The developed model will be very useful as a platform for testing drugs or compounds with potential pharmacological activity.
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Jeong D, Seo JW, Lee H, Jung WK, Park YH, Bae H. Efficient Myogenic/Adipogenic Transdifferentiation of Bovine Fibroblasts in a 3D Bioprinting System for Steak-Type Cultured Meat Production. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202877. [PMID: 36192168 PMCID: PMC9631076 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interest in cultured meat is increasing because of the problems with conventional livestock industry. Recently, many studies related to cultured meat have been conducted, but producing large-sized cultured meat remains a challenge. It is aimed to introduce 3D bioprinting for producing large cell aggregates for cultured meat production. A hydrogel scaffold is produced at the centimeter scale using a bioink consisting of photocrosslinkable materials for digital light processing-based (DLP) printing, which has high printing accuracy and can produce geometrically complex structures. The light exposure time for hydrogel photopolymerization by DLP bioprinting is optimized based on photorheometry and cell viability assays. Naturally immortalized bovine embryonic fibroblast cells transformed with MyoD and PPARγ2 instead of primary cells are used as the latter have difficulties in maintaining stemness and are associated with animal ethics issues. The cells are mixed into the hydrogel for printing. Myogenesis and adipogenesis are induced simply by changing the medium after printing. Scaffolds are obtained successfully with living cells and large microchannels. The cooked cultured meat maintains its size and shape upon cutting. The overall dimensions are 3.43 cm × 5.53 cm × 0.96 cm. This study provides proof-of-concept for producing 3D cultured meat using bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayi Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiotechnologyKU Convergence Science and Technology InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Seo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiotechnologyKU Convergence Science and Technology InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Hong‐Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologySanghuh College of Life SciencesKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Jung
- NoAH Biotech Co., Ltd.Suwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16614Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- NoAH Biotech Co., Ltd.Suwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16614Republic of Korea
- Department of MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiotechnologyKU Convergence Science and Technology InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Regenerative ScienceKonkuk University120 Neungdong‐ro, Gwangjin‐guSeoul05029Republic of Korea
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Santarella F, do Amaral RJFC, Lemoine M, Kelly D, Cavanagh B, Marinkovic M, Smith A, Garlick J, O'Brien FJ, Kearney CJ. Personalized Scaffolds for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing Using Extracellular Matrix from Induced Pluripotent Stem-Reprogrammed Patient Cells. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2200052. [PMID: 36532145 PMCID: PMC9757804 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are chronic wounds sustained by pathological fibroblasts and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM). Porous collagen-based scaffolds (CS) have shown clinical promise for treating DFUs but may benefit from functional enhancements. Our previous work showed fibroblasts differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells are an effective source of new ECM mimicking fetal matrix, which notably promotes scar-free healing. Likewise, functionalizing CS with this rejuvenated ECM showed potential for DFU healing. Here, we demonstrate for the first time an approach to DFU healing using biopsied cells from DFU patients, reprogramming those cells, and functionalizing CS with patient-specific ECM as a personalized acellular tissue engineered scaffold. We took a two-pronged approach: 1) direct ECM blending into scaffold fabrication; and 2) seeding scaffolds with reprogrammed fibroblasts for ECM deposition followed by decellularization. The decellularization approach reduced cell number requirements and maintained naturally deposited ECM proteins. Both approaches showed enhanced ECM deposition from DFU fibroblasts. Decellularized scaffolds additionally enhanced glycosaminoglycan deposition and subsequent vascularization. Finally, reprogrammed ECM scaffolds from patient-matched DFU fibroblasts outperformed those from healthy fibroblasts in several metrics, suggesting ECM is in fact able to redirect resident pathological fibroblasts in DFUs towards healing, and a patient-specific ECM signature may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Santarella
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ronaldo Jose Farias Correa do Amaral
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mark Lemoine
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Domhnall Kelly
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Milica Marinkovic
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Avi Smith
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Jonathan Garlick
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- 123 Stephens Green, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathal J Kearney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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Zheng Y, Gallegos CM, Xue H, Li S, Kim DH, Zhou H, Xia X, Liu Y, Cao Q. Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells Promotes Forelimb Functional Recovery after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172765. [PMID: 36078173 PMCID: PMC9454923 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Locomotor function after spinal cord injury (SCI) is critical for assessing recovery. Currently, available means to improve locomotor function include surgery, physical therapy rehabilitation and exoskeleton. Stem cell therapy with neural progenitor cells (NPCs) transplantation is a promising reparative strategy. Along this line, patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a remarkable autologous cell source, which offer many advantages including: great potential to generate isografts avoiding immunosuppression; the availability of a variety of somatic cells without ethical controversy related to embryo use; and vast differentiation. In this current work, to realize the therapeutic potential of iPSC-NPCs for the treatment of SCI, we transplanted purified iPSCs-derived NPCs into a cervical contusion SCI rat model. Our results showed that the iPSC-NPCs were able to survive and differentiate into both neurons and astrocytes and, importantly, improve forelimb locomotor function as assessed by the grooming task and horizontal ladder test. Purified iPSC-NPCs represent a promising cell type that could be further tested and developed into a clinically useful cell source for targeted cell therapy for cervical SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Zheng
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chrystine M. Gallegos
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong H. Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhou
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Xugang Xia
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +1-(772)-345-4734 (Y.L.); +1-(772)-345-4622 (Q.C.)
| | - Qilin Cao
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +1-(772)-345-4734 (Y.L.); +1-(772)-345-4622 (Q.C.)
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11
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Metzler E, Escobar H, Sunaga-Franze DY, Sauer S, Diecke S, Spuler S. Generation of hiPSC-Derived Skeletal Muscle Cells: Exploiting the Potential of Skeletal Muscle-Derived hiPSCs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1204. [PMID: 35625941 PMCID: PMC9138862 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies for muscle wasting disorders are on the verge of becoming a realistic clinical perspective. Muscle precursor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent the key to unrestricted cell numbers indispensable for the treatment of generalized muscle wasting such as cachexia or intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness. We asked how the cell of origin influences efficacy and molecular properties of hiPSC-derived muscle progenitor cells. We generated hiPSCs from primary muscle stem cells and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the same donors (n = 4) and compared their molecular profiles, myogenic differentiation potential, and ability to generate new muscle fibers in vivo. We show that reprogramming into hiPSCs from primary muscle stem cells was faster and 35 times more efficient than from blood cells. Global transcriptome comparison revealed significant differences, but differentiation into induced myogenic cells using a directed transgene-free approach could be achieved with muscle- and PBMC-derived hiPSCs, and both cell types generated new muscle fibers in vivo. Differences in myogenic differentiation efficiency were identified with hiPSCs generated from individual donors. The generation of muscle-stem-cell-derived hiPSCs is a fast and economic method to obtain unrestricted cell numbers for cell-based therapies in muscle wasting disorders, and in this aspect are superior to blood-derived hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Metzler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (H.E.); (D.Y.S.-F.); (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Escobar
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (H.E.); (D.Y.S.-F.); (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Yumi Sunaga-Franze
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (H.E.); (D.Y.S.-F.); (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Genomics Platform, Hannoversche Straße 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (H.E.); (D.Y.S.-F.); (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Genomics Platform, Hannoversche Straße 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (H.E.); (D.Y.S.-F.); (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Pluripotent Stem Cells Platform, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (H.E.); (D.Y.S.-F.); (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Carvalho AM, Nunes R, Sarmento B. From pluripotent stem cells to bioengineered islets: A challenging journey to diabetes treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 172:106148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Varghese B, Ling Z, Ren X. Reconstructing the pulmonary niche with stem cells: a lung story. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:161. [PMID: 35410254 PMCID: PMC8996210 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of pulmonary disease highlights an overwhelming need in improving our understanding of lung development, disease, and treatment. It also calls for further advances in our ability to engineer the pulmonary system at cellular and tissue levels. The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offsets the relative inaccessibility of human lungs for studying developmental programs and disease mechanisms, all the while offering a potential source of cells and tissue for regenerative interventions. This review offers a perspective on where the lung stem cell field stands in terms of accomplishing these ambitious goals. We will trace the known stages and pathways involved in in vivo lung development and how they inspire the directed differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in vitro. We will also recap the efforts made to date to recapitulate the lung stem cell niche in vitro via engineered cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbie Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zihan Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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14
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Li F, Zhang J, Yi K, Wang H, Wei H, Chan HF, Tao Y, Li M. Delivery of Stem Cell Secretome for Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2009-2030. [PMID: 35285638 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intensive studies on stem cell therapy reveal that benefits of stem cells attribute to the paracrine effects. Hence, direct delivery of stem cell secretome to the injured site shows the comparative therapeutic efficacy of living cells while avoiding the potential limitations. However, conventional systemic administration of stem cell secretome often leads to rapid clearance in vivo. Therefore, a variety of different biomaterials are developed for sustained and controllable delivery of stem cell secretome to improve therapeutic efficiency. In this review, we first introduce current approaches for the preparation and characterization of stem cell secretome as well as strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy and production. The up-to-date delivery platforms are also summarized, including nanoparticles, injectable hydrogels, microneedles, and scaffold patches. Meanwhile, we discuss the underlying therapeutic mechanism of stem cell secretome for the treatment of various diseases. In the end, future opportunities and challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou 510630, China
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15
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Current Progress in Vascular Engineering and Its Clinical Applications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030493. [PMID: 35159302 PMCID: PMC8834640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely used for the treatment of severe CHD cases. Although autologous vessels are a preferred choice, healthy autologous vessels are not always available; hence there is a demand for tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to be used as alternatives. However, producing clinical grade implantable TEVGs that could healthily survive in the host with long-term patency is still a great challenge. There are additional difficulties in producing small diameter (<6 mm) vascular conduits. As a result, there have not been TEVGs that are commercially available. Properties of vascular scaffolds such as tensile strength, thrombogenicity and immunogenicity are key factors that determine the biocompatibility of TEVGs. The source of vascular cells employed to produce TEVGs is a limiting factor for large-scale productions. Advanced technologies including the combined use of natural and biodegradable synthetic materials for scaffolds in conjunction with the use of mesenchyme stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide promising solutions for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to provide an update on various aspects in this field and the current status of TEVG clinical applications.
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16
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Maia N, Nabais Sá MJ, Melo-Pires M, de Brouwer APM, Jorge P. Intellectual disability genomics: current state, pitfalls and future challenges. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:909. [PMID: 34930158 PMCID: PMC8686650 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) can be caused by non-genetic and genetic factors, the latter being responsible for more than 1700 ID-related disorders. The broad ID phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, as well as the difficulty in the establishment of the inheritance pattern, often result in a delay in the diagnosis. It has become apparent that massive parallel sequencing can overcome these difficulties. In this review we address: (i) ID genetic aetiology, (ii) clinical/medical settings testing, (iii) massive parallel sequencing, (iv) variant filtering and prioritization, (v) variant classification guidelines and functional studies, and (vi) ID diagnostic yield. Furthermore, the need for a constant update of the methodologies and functional tests, is essential. Thus, international collaborations, to gather expertise, data and resources through multidisciplinary contributions, are fundamental to keep track of the fast progress in ID gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Maia
- Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Porto, Portugal. .,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), and ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Nabais Sá
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), and ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Melo-Pires
- Serviço de Neuropatologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Jorge
- Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), and ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Clever Experimental Designs: Shortcuts for Better iPSC Differentiation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123540. [PMID: 34944048 PMCID: PMC8700474 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For practical use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for disease modelling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine, the cell differentiation process needs to be properly refined to generate end products with consistent and high quality. To construct and optimize a robust cell-induction process, a myriad of cell culture conditions should be considered. In contrast to inefficient brute-force screening, statistical design of experiments (DOE) approaches, such as factorial design, orthogonal array design, response surface methodology (RSM), definitive screening design (DSD), and mixture design, enable efficient and strategic screening of conditions in smaller experimental runs through multifactorial screening and/or quantitative modeling. Although DOE has become routinely utilized in the bioengineering and pharmaceutical fields, the imminent need of more detailed cell-lineage specification, complex organoid construction, and a stable supply of qualified cell-derived material requires expedition of DOE utilization in stem cell bioprocessing. This review summarizes DOE-based cell culture optimizations of PSCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which guide effective research and development of PSC-derived materials for academic and industrial applications.
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18
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Ejma M, Madetko N, Brzecka A, Alster P, Budrewicz S, Koszewicz M, Misiuk-Hojło M, Tomilova IK, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. The Role of Stem Cells in the Therapy of Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:630-647. [PMID: 34365923 PMCID: PMC9608230 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210806163352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is a major challenge in neurology due to its multifactorial genesis and irreversible consequences. Processes of endogenous post-stroke neurogenesis, although insufficient, may indicate possible direction of future therapy. Multiple research considers stem-cell-based approaches in order to maximize neuroregeneration and minimize post-stroke deficits. Objective: Aim of this study is to review current literature considering post-stroke stem-cell-based therapy and possibilities of inducing neuroregeneration after brain vascular damage. Methods: Papers included in this article were obtained from PubMed and MEDLINE databases. The following medical subject headings (MeSH) were used: “stem cell therapy”, “post-stroke neurogenesis”, “stem-cells stroke”, “stroke neurogenesis”, “stroke stem cells”, “stroke”, “cell therapy”, “neuroregeneration”, “neurogenesis”, “stem-cell human”, “cell therapy in human”. Ultimate inclusion was made after manual review of the obtained reference list. Results: Attempts of stimulating neuroregeneration after stroke found in current literature include supporting endogenous neurogenesis, different routes of exogenous stem cells supplying and extracellular vesicles used as a method of particle transport. Conclusion: Although further research in this field is required, post stroke brain recovery supported by exogenous stem cells seems to be promising future therapy revolutionizing modern neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ejma
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Borowska 213. Poland
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warszawa. Poland
| | - Anna Brzecka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw. Poland
| | - Piotr Alster
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warszawa. Poland
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Borowska 213. Poland
| | - Magdalena Koszewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Borowska 213. Poland
| | - Marta Misiuk-Hojło
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Borowska 213. Poland
| | - Irina K Tomilova
- Department of Biochemistry, Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Avenue Sheremetyevsky 8, Ivanovo, 153012. Russian Federation
| | - Siva G Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, 26426. United States
| | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, 26426. United States
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw. Poland
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19
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Smith JA, Nicaise AM, Ionescu RB, Hamel R, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696434. [PMID: 34307372 PMCID: PMC8299560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. MS patients typically present with a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course, manifesting as sporadic attacks of neurological symptoms including ataxia, fatigue, and sensory impairment. While there are several effective disease-modifying therapies able to address the inflammatory relapses associated with RRMS, most patients will inevitably advance to a progressive disease course marked by a gradual and irreversible accrual of disabilities. Therapeutic intervention in progressive MS (PMS) suffers from a lack of well-characterized biological targets and, hence, a dearth of successful drugs. The few medications approved for the treatment of PMS are typically limited in their efficacy to active forms of the disease, have little impact on slowing degeneration, and fail to promote repair. In looking to address these unmet needs, the multifactorial therapeutic benefits of stem cell therapies are particularly compelling. Ostensibly providing neurotrophic support, immunomodulation and cell replacement, stem cell transplantation holds substantial promise in combatting the complex pathology of chronic neuroinflammation. Herein, we explore the current state of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of stem cells in treating PMS and we discuss prospective hurdles impeding their translation into revolutionary regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A. Smith
- Cambridge Innovation Technologies Consulting (CITC) Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Regan Hamel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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iPSCs: A Preclinical Drug Research Tool for Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094596. [PMID: 33925625 PMCID: PMC8123805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and commercialization of new drugs is an articulated, lengthy, and very expensive process that proceeds through several steps, starting from target identification, screening new leading compounds for testing in preclinical studies, and subsequently in clinical trials to reach the final approval for therapeutic use. Preclinical studies are usually performed using both cell cultures and animal models, although they do not completely resume the complexity of human diseases, in particular neurodegenerative conditions. To this regard, stem cells represent a powerful tool in all steps of drug discovery. The recent advancement in induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) technology has opened the possibility to obtain patient-specific disease models for drug screening and development. Here, we report the use of iPSCs as a disease model for drug development in the contest of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Fragile X syndrome (FRAX).
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21
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Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Emergency Care: Futuristic Perspectives. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:390-410. [PMID: 32839921 PMCID: PMC7444453 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is an interdisciplinary field that aims to repair, replace or regenerate damaged or missing tissue or organs to function as close as possible to its physiological architecture and functions. Stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells retaining self-renewal potential, excessive proliferation and differentiation capacity into offspring or daughter cells that form different lineage cells of an organism, are considered as an important part of the RM approaches. They have been widely investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for therapeutic purposes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the vital mediators that regulate the therapeutic effects of stem cells. Besides, they carry various types of cargo between cells which make them a significant contributor of intercellular communication. Given their role in physiological and pathological conditions in living cells, EVs are considered as a new therapeutic alternative solution for a variety of diseases in which there is a high unmet clinical need. This review aims to summarize and identify therapeutic potential of stem cells and EVs in diseases requiring acute emergency care such as trauma, heart diseases, stroke, acute respiratory distress syndrome and burn injury. Diseases that affect militaries or societies including acute radiation syndrome, sepsis and viral pandemics such as novel coronavirus disease 2019 are also discussed. Additionally, featuring and problematic issues that hamper clinical translation of stem cells and EVs are debated in a comparative manner with a futuristic perspective. Graphical Abstract.
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22
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Evaluation of the Spanish population coverage of a prospective HLA haplobank of induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:233. [PMID: 33849662 PMCID: PMC8042859 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells) banks of iPSC lines with homozygous HLA (human leukocyte antigen) haplotypes (haplobanks) are proposed as an affordable and off-the-shelf approach to allogeneic transplantation of iPSC derived cell therapies. Cord blood banks offer an extensive source of HLA-typed cells suitable for reprogramming to iPSC. Several initiatives worldwide have been undertaken to create national and international iPSC haplobanks that match a significant part of a population. Methods To create an iPSC haplobank that serves the Spanish population (IPS-PANIA), we have searched the Spanish Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDMO) to identify the most frequently estimated haplotypes. From the top ten donors identified, we estimated the population coverage using the criteria of zero mismatches in HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 with different stringencies: high resolution, low resolution, and beneficial mismatch. Results We have calculated that ten cord blood units from homozygous donors stored at the Spanish cord blood banks can provide HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 matching for 28.23% of the population. Conclusion We confirm the feasibility of using banked cord blood units to create an iPSC haplobank that will cover a significant percentage of the Spanish and international population for future advanced therapy replacement strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02301-0.
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23
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Cai Q, Liao W, Xue F, Wang X, Zhou W, Li Y, Zeng W. Selection of different endothelialization modes and different seed cells for tissue-engineered vascular graft. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2557-2568. [PMID: 33665496 PMCID: PMC7887299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have enormous potential for vascular replacement therapy. However, thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia are important problems associated with TEVGs especially small diameter TEVGs (<6 mm) after transplantation. Endothelialization of TEVGs is a key point to prevent thrombosis. Here, we discuss different types of endothelialization and different seed cells of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Meanwhile, endothelial heterogeneity is also discussed. Based on it, we provide a new perspective for selecting suitable types of endothelialization and suitable seed cells to improve the long-term patency rate of tissue-engineered vascular grafts with different diameters and lengths. The material, diameter and length of tissue-engineered vascular graft are all key factors affecting its long-term patency. Endothelialization strategies should consider the different diameters and lengths of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Cell heterogeneity and tissue heterogeneity should be considered in the application of seed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjin Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wanshan Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fangchao Xue
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weiming Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanzhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China.,Departments of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Hereditary Optic Neuropathies: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based 2D/3D Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010112. [PMID: 33477675 PMCID: PMC7831942 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited optic neuropathies share visual impairment due to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as the hallmark of the disease. This group of genetic disorders are caused by mutations in nuclear genes or in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). An impaired mitochondrial function is the underlying mechanism of these diseases. Currently, optic neuropathies lack an effective treatment, and the implementation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology would entail a huge step forward. The generation of iPSC-derived RGCs would allow faithfully modeling these disorders, and these RGCs would represent an appealing platform for drug screening as well, paving the way for a proper therapy. Here, we review the ongoing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) approaches based on iPSCs and their applications, taking into account the more innovative technologies, which include tissue engineering or microfluidics.
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25
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Yasui R, Sekine K, Yamaguchi K, Furukawa Y, Taniguchi H. Robust parameter design of human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols defines lineage-specific induction of anterior-posterior gut tube endodermal cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:429-442. [PMID: 33400835 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissues and cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are likely to become widely used in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. For these applications, the in vitro PSC differentiation process must be elaborately investigated and controlled to reliably obtain the desired end products. However, because traditional experimental methods, such as one factor at a time or brute-force approaches, are impractical for detailed screening of complex PSC cultivation conditions, more strategic and effective screening based on statistical design of experiments (DOE) ought to be indispensable. Among various DOE approaches, we regard robust parameter design (RPD) as particularly suited for differentiation protocol optimization due to its suitability for multifactorial screening. We confirmed the adaptability of RPD for investigating human induced PSC lineage specification toward anterior-posterior gut tube endodermal cells and clarified both the contribution of each cell signaling pathway and the effect of cell signaling condition alteration on marker RNA expression levels, while increasing the efficiency of the screening in 243-fold (18 vs 4374) compared with that of a brute-force approach. Specific induction of anterior foregut, hepatic, pancreatic, or mid-hindgut cells was achieved using seven iPSC strains with the optimal culture protocols established on the basis of RPD analysis. RPD has the potential to enable efficient construction and optimization of PSC differentiation protocols, and its use is recommended from fundamental research to mass production of PSC-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yasui
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Fundamental Research Laboratory, Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Cancer Cell Systems, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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26
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Craig-Mueller N, Hammad R, Elling R, Alzubi J, Timm B, Kolter J, Knelangen N, Bednarski C, Gläser B, Ammann S, Ivics Z, Fischer J, Speckmann C, Schwarz K, Lachmann N, Ehl S, Moritz T, Henneke P, Cathomen T. Modeling MyD88 Deficiency In Vitro Provides New Insights in Its Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608802. [PMID: 33424861 PMCID: PMC7786022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited defects in MyD88 and IRAK4, two regulators in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, are clinically highly relevant, but still incompletely understood. MyD88- and IRAK4-deficient patients are exceedingly susceptible to a narrow spectrum of pathogens, with ∼50% lethality in the first years of life. To better understand the underlying molecular and cellular characteristics that determine disease progression, we aimed at modeling the cellular response to pathogens in vitro. To this end, we determined the immunophenotype of monocytes and macrophages derived from MyD88- and IRAK4-deficient patients. We recognized that macrophages derived from both patients were particularly poorly activated by streptococci, indicating that both signaling intermediates are essential for the immune response to facultative pathogens. To characterize this defect in more detail, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of fibroblasts derived from an MyD88-deficient patient. The underlying genetic defect was corrected using Sleeping Beauty transposon vectors encoding either the long (L) or the short (S) MYD88 isoform, respectively. Macrophages derived from these iPSC lines (iMacs) expressed typical macrophage markers, stably produced either MyD88 isoform, and showed robust phagocytic activity. Notably, iMacs expressing MyD88-L, but not MyD88-S, exhibited similar responses to external stimuli, including cytokine release patterns, as compared to genetically normal iMacs. Thus, the two MyD88 isoforms assume distinct functions in signaling. In conclusion, iPSC technology, in combination with efficient myeloid differentiation protocols, provides a valuable and inexhaustible source of macrophages, which can be used for disease modeling. Moreover, iPSC-derived macrophages may eventually aid in stabilizing MyD88-deficient patients during pyogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Craig-Mueller
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,MD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruba Hammad
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,PhD Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jamal Alzubi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Timm
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nele Knelangen
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christien Bednarski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgitta Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Judith Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Loi P, Anzalone DA, Palazzese L, Dinnyés A, Saragusty J, Czernik M. Dry storage of mammalian spermatozoa and cells: state-of-the-art and possible future directions. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:82-90. [PMID: 38769676 DOI: 10.1071/rd20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art of drying cells and spermatozoa. The major successes and pitfalls of the most relevant literature are described separately for spermatozoa and cells. Overall, the data published so far indicate that we are closer to success in spermatozoa, whereas the situation is far more complex with cells. Critical for success is the presence of xeroprotectants inside the spermatozoa and, even more so, inside cells to protect subcellular compartments, primarily DNA. We highlight workable strategies to endow gametes and cells with the right combination of xeroprotectants, mostly sugars, and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) or similar 'intrinsically disordered' proteins to help them withstand reversible desiccation. We focus on the biological aspects of water stress, and in particular cellular and DNA damage, but also touch on other still unexplored issues, such as the choice of both dehydration and rehydration methods or approaches, because, in our view, they play a primary role in reducing desiccation damage. We conclude by highlighting the need to exhaustively explore desiccation strategies other than lyophilisation, such as air drying, spin drying or spray drying, ideally with new prototypes, other than the food and pharmaceutical drying strategies currently used, tailored for the unique needs of cells and spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loi
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy; and Corresponding author
| | - D A Anzalone
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy
| | - L Palazzese
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy
| | - A Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllo, 2100 Gödöllo, Hungary; and HCEMM-USZ, StemCell Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; and Sichuan University, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - J Saragusty
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy
| | - M Czernik
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy; and Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
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28
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Nikolakopoulou P, Rauti R, Voulgaris D, Shlomy I, Maoz BM, Herland A. Recent progress in translational engineered in vitro models of the central nervous system. Brain 2020; 143:3181-3213. [PMID: 33020798 PMCID: PMC7719033 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), and conventional in vitro models, in turn, are limited in their capacity to provide information regarding many functional and systemic responses. Indeed, these challenges may underlie the notoriously low success rates of CNS drug development efforts. During the past 5 years, there has been a leap in the complexity and functionality of in vitro systems of the CNS, which have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional model systems. The availability of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology has further increased the translational potential of these systems. Yet, the adoption of state-of-the-art in vitro platforms within the CNS research community is limited. This may be attributable to the high costs or the immaturity of the systems. Nevertheless, the costs of fabrication have decreased, and there are tremendous ongoing efforts to improve the quality of cell differentiation. Herein, we aim to raise awareness of the capabilities and accessibility of advanced in vitro CNS technologies. We provide an overview of some of the main recent developments (since 2015) in in vitro CNS models. In particular, we focus on engineered in vitro models based on cell culture systems combined with microfluidic platforms (e.g. 'organ-on-a-chip' systems). We delve into the fundamental principles underlying these systems and review several applications of these platforms for the study of the CNS in health and disease. Our discussion further addresses the challenges that hinder the implementation of advanced in vitro platforms in personalized medicine or in large-scale industrial settings, and outlines the existing differentiation protocols and industrial cell sources. We conclude by providing practical guidelines for laboratories that are considering adopting organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iftach Shlomy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Herland
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Mozafari S, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Human stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes: From humanized animal models to cell therapy in myelin diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 116:53-61. [PMID: 33082116 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are main targets in demyelinating and dysmyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), but are also involved in accidental, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. The underlying pathology of these diseases is not fully understood and treatments are still lacking. The recent discovery of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has open the possibility to address the biology of human oligodendroglial cells both in the dish and in vivo via engraftment in animal models, and paves the way for the development of treatment for myelin disorders. In this review, we make a short overview of the different sources human oligodendroglial cells, and animal models available for pre-clinical cell therapy. We discuss the anatomical and functional benefit of grafted iPSC-progenitors over their brain counterparts, their use in disease modeling and the missing gaps that still prevent to study their biology in the most integrated way, and to translate iPSC-stem cell based therapy to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Mozafari
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et MarieCurie Paris 06, UM-75, Paris, France
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et MarieCurie Paris 06, UM-75, Paris, France.
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30
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Bae M, Yi HG, Jang J, Cho DW. Microphysiological Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Central Nervous System. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E855. [PMID: 32947879 PMCID: PMC7570039 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most severe problems in aging societies. Various conventional experimental models, including 2D and animal models, have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of (and therapeutic mechanisms for) neurodegenerative diseases. However, the physiological gap between humans and the current models remains a hurdle to determining the complexity of an irreversible dysfunction in a neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, preclinical research requires advanced experimental models, i.e., those more physiologically relevant to the native nervous system, to bridge the gap between preclinical stages and patients. The neural microphysiological system (neural MPS) has emerged as an approach to summarizing the anatomical, biochemical, and pathological physiology of the nervous system for investigation of neurodegenerative diseases. This review introduces the components (such as cells and materials) and fabrication methods for designing a neural MPS. Moreover, the review discusses future perspectives for improving the physiological relevance to native neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyeon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Hee-Gyeong Yi
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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31
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Suda S, Nito C, Yokobori S, Sakamoto Y, Nakajima M, Sowa K, Obinata H, Sasaki K, Savitz SI, Kimura K. Recent Advances in Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186718. [PMID: 32937754 PMCID: PMC7555943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease worldwide, and is still one of the leading causes of death and disability. Stem cell-based therapy is actively being investigated as a new potential treatment for certain neurological disorders, including stroke. Various types of cells, including bone marrow mononuclear cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, neural stem cells, inducible pluripotent stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells have been found to improve neurological outcomes in animal models of stroke, and there are some ongoing clinical trials assessing their efficacy in humans. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in cell-based therapies to treat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suda
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131; Fax: +81-3-3822-4865
| | - Chikako Nito
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (S.Y.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Masataka Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kota Sowa
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Hirofumi Obinata
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (S.Y.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuma Sasaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (S.Y.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Sean I. Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
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32
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Santarella F, Sridharan R, Marinkovic M, Do Amaral RJFC, Cavanagh B, Smith A, Kashpur O, Gerami‐Naini B, Garlick JA, O'Brien FJ, Kearney CJ. Scaffolds Functionalized with Matrix from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Fibroblasts for Diabetic Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000307. [PMID: 32597577 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are chronic wounds, with 20% of cases resulting in amputation, despite intervention. A recently approved tissue engineering product-a cell-free collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) scaffold-demonstrates 50% success, motivating its functionalization with extracellular matrix (ECM). Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology reprograms somatic cells into an embryonic-like state. Recent findings describe how iPSCs-derived fibroblasts ("post-iPSF") are proangiogenic, produce more ECM than their somatic precursors ("pre-iPSF"), and their ECM has characteristics of foetal ECM (a wound regeneration advantage, as fetuses heal scar-free). ECM production is 45% higher from post-iPSF and has favorable components (e.g., Collagen I and III, and fibronectin). Herein, a freeze-dried scaffold using ECM grown by post-iPSF cells (Post-iPSF Coll) is developed and tested vs precursors ECM-activated scaffolds (Pre-iPSF Coll). When seeded with healthy or DFU fibroblasts, both ECM-derived scaffolds have more diverse ECM and more robust immune responses to cues. Post-iPSF-Coll had higher GAG, higher cell content, higher Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in DFUs, and higher Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) vs. pre-iPSF Coll. This work constitutes the first step in exploiting ECM from iPSF for tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Santarella
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 123 St Stephen's Green, Saint Peter's Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
| | - Rukmani Sridharan
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 123 St Stephen's Green, Saint Peter's Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
| | - Milica Marinkovic
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 123 St Stephen's Green, Saint Peter's Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
| | - Ronaldo Jose Farias Correa Do Amaral
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 123 St Stephen's Green, Saint Peter's Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
- Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway Newcastle Road Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 123 St Stephen's Green, Saint Peter's Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
| | - Avi Smith
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesTufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Olga Kashpur
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesTufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Behzad Gerami‐Naini
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesTufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Garlick
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesTufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 123 St Stephen's Green, Saint Peter's Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
- The University of Dublin Trinity College, College Street Dublin Dublin 2, D02 R590 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)RCSI and TCD Dublin D02 HP52 Ireland
| | - Cathal J. Kearney
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 123 St Stephen's Green, Saint Peter's Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
- The University of Dublin Trinity College, College Street Dublin Dublin 2, D02 R590 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)RCSI and TCD Dublin D02 HP52 Ireland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003‐9292 USA
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Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Colaço BJA. An Overview of Current Alternative Models for Use in the Context of Prostate Cancer Research. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:58-69. [PMID: 32614643 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920929701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, particularly in elderly populations. To mitigate the expected increase in prostate cancer-related morbidity and mortality as a result of an expanding aged population, safer and more effective therapeutics are required. To this end, plenty of research is focusing on the mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and development, the metastatic process and on the discovery of new therapies. While animal models are used (mainly rats and mice) for the study of prostate cancer, alternative models and methods are increasingly being considered to replace, or at least reduce, the number of animals used in this particular field of research. In this review, we cover some of the alternative models that are currently available for use in the study of prostate cancer, including: mathematical models; 2-D and 3-D cell cultures; microfluidic devices; the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane-based model; and zebrafish embryo-based models. The main advantages and limitations, as well as some examples of applications, are given for each type of model. According to our analysis, immortalised cell lines are still the most commonly used models in the field of prostate cancer research. However, the use of alternative models for prostate cancer research will likely become more prevalent in the coming years partly because of the increasing societal pressure to reduce the numbers of laboratory animals. In this context, the development and dissemination of effective non-animal alternative models assumes particular relevance and will be instrumental in leveraging their success. Taking these perspectives into account, we believe that technological advances will lead to more effective cell culture systems, namely 3-D cultures or organ-on-a-chip devices, which can be used to replace animal-based models in prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 386361University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA/LAQV), Department of Chemistry, 56062University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA/LAQV), Department of Chemistry, 56062University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 386361University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Jorge Antunes Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Zootechnics, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Marcatili M, Sala C, Dakanalis A, Colmegna F, D'Agostino A, Gambini O, Dell'Osso B, Benatti B, Conti L, Clerici M. Human induced pluripotent stem cells technology in treatment resistant depression: novel strategies and opportunities to unravel ketamine's fast-acting antidepressant mechanisms. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320968331. [PMID: 33224469 PMCID: PMC7649879 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320968331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Among the different causes that make TRD so challenging in both clinical and research contexts, major roles are played by the inadequate understanding of MDD pathophysiology and the limitations of current pharmacological treatments. Nevertheless, the field of psychiatry is facing exciting times. Combined with recent advances in genome editing techniques, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology is offering novel and unique opportunities in both disease modelling and drug discovery. This technology has allowed innovative disease-relevant patient-specific in vitro models to be set up for many psychiatric disorders. Such models hold great potential in enhancing our understanding of MDD pathophysiology and overcoming many of the well-known practical limitations inherent to animal and post-mortem models. Moreover, the field is approaching the advent of (es)ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, claimed as one of the first and exemplary agents with rapid (in hours) antidepressant effects, even in TRD patients. Although ketamine seems poised to transform the treatment of depression, its exact mechanisms of action are still unclear but greatly demanded, as the resulting knowledge may provide a model to understand the mechanisms behind rapid-acting antidepressants, which may lead to the discovery of novel compounds for the treatment of depression. After reviewing insights into ketamine's mechanisms of action (derived from preclinical animal studies) and depicting the current state of the art of hiPSC technology below, we will consider the implementation of an hiPSC technology-based TRD model for the study of ketamine's fast acting antidepressant mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Marcatili
- Psychiatric Department, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Sala
- National Research Council Neuroscience Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Colmegna
- Psychiatric Department, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Armando D'Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Orsola Gambini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Benatti
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Psychiatric Department, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
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Targeting cell plasticity for regeneration: From in vitro to in vivo reprogramming. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:124-144. [PMID: 32822682 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed to pluripotency from somatic cells, has transformed the landscape of regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery pipelines. Since the first generation of iPSCs in 2006, there has been enormous effort to develop new methods that increase reprogramming efficiency, and obviate the need for viral vectors. In parallel to this, the promise of in vivo reprogramming to convert cells into a desired cell type to repair damage in the body, constitutes a new paradigm in approaches for tissue regeneration. This review article explores the current state of reprogramming techniques for iPSC generation with a specific focus on alternative methods that use biophysical and biochemical stimuli to reduce or eliminate exogenous factors, thereby overcoming the epigenetic barrier towards vector-free approaches with improved clinical viability. We then focus on application of iPSC for therapeutic approaches, by giving an overview of ongoing clinical trials using iPSCs for a variety of health conditions and discuss future scope for using materials and reagents to reprogram cells in the body.
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