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Vervuurt M, Schrader JM, de Kort AM, Kersten I, Wessels HJCT, Klijn CJM, Schreuder FHBM, Kuiperij HB, Gloerich J, Van Nostrand WE, Verbeek MM. Cerebrospinal fluid shotgun proteomics identifies distinct proteomic patterns in cerebral amyloid angiopathy rodent models and human patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38191511 PMCID: PMC10775534 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a form of small vessel disease characterised by the progressive deposition of amyloid β protein in the cerebral vasculature, inducing symptoms including cognitive impairment and cerebral haemorrhages. Due to their accessibility and homogeneous disease phenotypes, animal models are advantageous platforms to study diseases like CAA. Untargeted proteomics studies of CAA rat models (e.g. rTg-DI) and CAA patients provide opportunities for the identification of novel biomarkers of CAA. We performed untargeted, data-independent acquisition proteomic shotgun analyses on the cerebrospinal fluid of rTg-DI rats and wild-type (WT) littermates. Rodents were analysed at 3 months (n = 6/10), 6 months (n = 8/8), and 12 months (n = 10/10) for rTg-DI and WT respectively. For humans, proteomic analyses were performed on CSF of sporadic CAA patients (sCAA) and control participants (n = 39/28). We show recurring patterns of differentially expressed (mostly increased) proteins in the rTg-DI rats compared to wild type rats, especially of proteases of the cathepsin protein family (CTSB, CTSD, CTSS), and their main inhibitor (CST3). In sCAA patients, decreased levels of synaptic proteins (e.g. including VGF, NPTX1, NRXN2) and several members of the granin family (SCG1, SCG2, SCG3, SCG5) compared to controls were discovered. Additionally, several serine protease inhibitors of the SERPIN protein family (including SERPINA3, SERPINC1 and SERPING1) were differentially expressed compared to controls. Fifteen proteins were significantly altered in both rTg-DI rats and sCAA patients, including (amongst others) SCG5 and SERPING1. These results identify specific groups of proteins likely involved in, or affected by, pathophysiological processes involved in CAA pathology such as protease and synapse function of rTg-DI rat models and sCAA patients, and may serve as candidate biomarkers for sCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vervuurt
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph M Schrader
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anna M de Kort
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kersten
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J C T Wessels
- Department of Human Genetics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris H B M Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Department of Human Genetics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abdulbagi M, Di B, Li B. Resolving D-Amino Acid Containing Peptides Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry: Challenges and Recent Developments. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37975700 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2282510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins having D-amino acids in their sequences are now believed to be widespread among different living organisms. Their significance is attributed to the diverse functions of these molecules, such as having a certain pathological implication or enhancing biological activity. Indeed, some peptide molecules with D-amino acids in their structure have already found their way to clinical use such as the antibacterial gramicidin and the antidiabetic nateglinide. Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) added an additional dimension of separation as it depends on ions mobility in the space, which is dependent on their shapes, and the shape depends on the orientation of atoms. Thus, D-amino acids containing peptides (DAACPs) will have different mobility and collision cross-section values than those with L-amino acids. Eventually, this will lead to baseline separation of the two peptides. Additionally, ion mobility can precisely locate the position of D-amino acids by analyzing the difference in the arrival times of the fragment ions. The importance of DAACPs, as well as the difficulties in discovering them, were addressed in this review. Similarly, we emphasized how recent developments in IM-MS have improved their detection and analysis. Consequently, the LC-IM-MS/MS platform appears to be promising in isomeric mixture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulbagi
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Di
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Moon Y, Jeon HJ, Han SH, Min-Young N, Kim HJ, Kwon KJ, Moon WJ, Kim SH. Blood-brain barrier breakdown is linked to tau pathology and neuronal injury in a differential manner according to amyloid deposition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1813-1825. [PMID: 37283062 PMCID: PMC10676138 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231180035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown has been suggested as an early marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD); yet the relationship between BBB breakdown and AD-specific biomarkers based on the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration framework is not clear. This study investigated the relationship between BBB permeability, AD-specific biomarkers, and cognition in patients with cognitive impairment. In this prospective study, we enrolled 62 participants with mild cognitive impairment or dementia between January 2019 and October 2020. All participants were assessed through cognitive tests, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for BBB permeability (Ktrans), cerebrospinal fluid studies for Aβ42/40 ratio, phosphorylated-tau Thr181 protein (p-tau), total tau protein (t-tau), and structural MRI for neurodegeneration. In amyloid PET (+) group, higher cortical Ktrans was associated with lower Aβ40 (r = -0.529 p = 0.003), higher Aβ42/40 ratio (r = 0.533, p = 0.003), lower p-tau (r = -0.452, p = 0.014) and lower hippocampal volume (r = -0.438, p = 0.017). In contrast, cortical Ktrans was positively related to t-tau level. (r = 0.489, p = 0.004) in amyloid PET (-) group. Our results suggest that BBB permeability is related to AD-specific biomarkers, but the relationship can vary by the presence of Aβ plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsil Moon
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Jeon
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Noh Min-Young
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Moon
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sin MK, Zamrini E, Ahmed A, Nho K, Hajjar I. Anti-Amyloid Therapy, AD, and ARIA: Untangling the Role of CAA. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6792. [PMID: 37959255 PMCID: PMC10647766 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-amyloid therapies (AATs), such as anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, are emerging treatments for people with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). AATs target amyloid β plaques in the brain. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), abnormal signals seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in patients with AD, may occur spontaneously but occur more frequently as side effects of AATs. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major risk factor for ARIA. Amyloid β plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD and of CAA. Amyloid β accumulation in the brain parenchyma as plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD, whereas amyloid β accumulation in cerebral vessels leads to CAA. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of ARIA is necessary for early detection of those at highest risk. This could lead to improved risk stratification and the ultimate reduction of symptomatic ARIA. Histopathological confirmation of CAA by brain biopsy or autopsy is the gold standard but is not clinically feasible. MRI is an available in vivo tool for detecting CAA. Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β level testing and amyloid PET imaging are available but do not offer specificity for CAA vs amyloid plaques in AD. Thus, developing and testing biomarkers as reliable and sensitive screening tools for the presence and severity of CAA is a priority to minimize ARIA complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Kyung Sin
- College of Nursing, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | | | - Ali Ahmed
- VA Medical Center, Washington, DC 20242, USA;
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- School of Medicine, Indianna University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
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Schrader JM, Stanisavljevic A, Xu F, Van Nostrand WE. Distinct Brain Proteomic Signatures in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Rat Models of Hypertension and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:731-745. [PMID: 35856898 PMCID: PMC9803909 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are prominent contributors to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia and can arise from a range of etiologies. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertension (HTN), both prevalent in the elderly population, lead to cerebral microhemorrhages, macrohemorrhages, and white matter damage. However, their respective underlying mechanisms and molecular events are poorly understood. Here, we show that the transgenic rat model of CAA type 1 (rTg-DI) exhibits perivascular inflammation that is lacking in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHR-SP) rat model of HTN. Alternatively, SHR-SP rats display notable dilation of arteriolar perivascular spaces. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed few shared altered proteins, with key proteins such as ANXA3, H2A, and HTRA1 unique to rTg-DI rats, and Nt5e, Flot-1 and Flot-2 unique to SHR-SP rats. Immunolabeling confirmed that upregulation of ANXA3, HTRA1, and neutrophil extracellular trap proteins were distinctly associated with rTg-DI rats. Pathway analysis predicted activation of TGF-β1 and TNFα in rTg-DI rat brain, while insulin signaling was reduced in the SHR-SP rat brain. Thus, we report divergent protein signatures associated with distinct cerebral vessel pathologies in the SHR-SP and rTg-DI rat models and provide new mechanistic insight into these different forms of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Schrader
- From the George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Aleksandra Stanisavljevic
- From the George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- From the George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Send correspondence to: William E. Van Nostrand, PhD, George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; E-mail:
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Vervuurt M, Zhu X, Schrader J, de Kort AM, Marques TM, Kersten I, Peters van Ton AM, Abdo WF, Schreuder FHBM, Rasing I, Terwindt GM, Wermer MJH, Greenberg SM, Klijn CJM, Kuiperij HB, Van Nostrand WE, Verbeek MM. Elevated expression of urokinase plasminogen activator in rodent models and patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12804. [PMID: 35266166 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this work is to study the association of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) with development and progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the expression of uPA mRNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and co-localisation of uPA with amyloid-β (Aβ) using immunohistochemistry in the cerebral vasculature of rTg-DI rats compared with wild-type (WT) rats and in a sporadic CAA (sCAA) patient and control subject using immunohistochemistry. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) uPA levels were measured in rTg-DI and WT rats and in two separate cohorts of sCAA and Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA) patients and controls, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS The presence of uPA was clearly detected in the cerebral vasculature of rTg-DI rats and an sCAA patient but not in WT rats or a non-CAA human control. uPA expression was highly co-localised with microvascular Aβ deposits. In rTg-DI rats, uPA mRNA expression was highly elevated at 3 months of age (coinciding with the emergence of microvascular Aβ deposition) and sustained up to 12 months of age (with severe microvascular CAA deposition) compared with WT rats. CSF uPA levels were elevated in rTg-DI rats compared with WT rats (p = 0.03), and in sCAA patients compared with controls (after adjustment for age of subjects, p = 0.05 and p = 0.03). No differences in CSF uPA levels were found between asymptomatic and symptomatic D-CAA patients and their respective controls (after age-adjustment, p = 0.09 and p = 0.44). Increased cerebrovascular expression of uPA in CAA correlates with increased quantities of CSF uPA in rTg-DI rats and human CAA patients, suggesting that uPA could serve as a biomarker for CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vervuurt
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joseph Schrader
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anna M de Kort
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tainá M Marques
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kersten
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wilson F Abdo
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris H B M Schreuder
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Rasing
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Le HTN, Kim D, Phan LMT, Cho S. Ultrasensitive capacitance sensor to detect amyloid-beta 1-40 in human serum using supramolecular recognition of β-CD/RGO/ITO micro-disk electrode. Talanta 2022; 237:122907. [PMID: 34736644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a new ultrasensitive capacitance sensor for detection of amyloid beta 1-40 (aβ40) protein (one of Alzheimer's disease core biomarkers) in human serum based on the high supramolecular recognition of the β-cyclodextrin/reduced graphene oxide (β-CD/RGO) nanohybrid toward the anti-aβ40 antibody molecule. The sensor was established by immobilizing specific anti-aβ40 antibody onto the β-CD/RGO nanohybrid functionalized on indium tin oxide micro-disk electrode (anti-aβ40/β-CD/RGO/ITO). Detection of aβ40 in the human serum (HS) using the sensor anti-aβ40/β-CD/RGO/ITO is carried out by capacitance measurement without a redox probe to prevent protein denaturation, serving as a convenient strategy for point-of-care diagnosis. In comparison with other studies, the sensor shows a very low limit of detection of 0.69 fg mL-1 in HS, demonstrating its ability for the ultrasensitive detection of aβ40. Using this sensor, the dissociation constant KD of the binding interaction between anti-aβ40 and aβ40 in HS is found to be 2.9 × 10-7 nM, indicating the high binding affinity of antibody-antigen and the suitability of the anti-aβ40/β-CD/RGO/ITO sensor for aβ40 protein detection. The good selectivity of the anti-aβ40/β-CD/RGO/ITO sensor in the presence of differential analytes was also performed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien T Ngoc Le
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Le Minh Tu Phan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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Wang HL, Zhang CL, Qiu YM, Chen AQ, Li YN, Hu B. Dysfunction of the Blood-brain Barrier in Cerebral Microbleeds: from Bedside to Bench. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1898-1919. [PMID: 34881076 PMCID: PMC8612614 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a disorder of cerebral microvessels that are characterized as small (<10 mm), hypointense, round or ovoid lesions seen on T2*-weighted gradient echo MRI. There is a high prevalence of CMBs in community-dwelling healthy older people. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the significance of CMBs in stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, gait disturbances and late-life depression. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is considered to be the event that initializes CMBs development. However, the pathogenesis of CMBs has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this review, we introduce the pathogenesis of CMBs, hypertensive vasculopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and review recent research that has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and CMBs presence. CMBs-associated risk factors can exacerbate BBB breakdown through the vulnerability of BBB anatomical and functional changes. Finally, we discuss potential pharmacological approaches to target the BBB as therapy for CMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - An-qi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ya-nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Schrader JM, Xu F, Van Nostrand WE. Distinct brain regional proteome changes in the rTg-DI rat model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Neurochem 2021; 159:273-291. [PMID: 34218440 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a prevalent cerebral small vessel disease in the elderly and a common comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by cerebral vascular amyloid accumulation, cerebral infarction, microbleeds, and intracerebral hemorrhages and is a prominent contributor to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Here, we investigate proteome changes associated with specific pathological features in several brain regions of rTg-DI rats, a preclinical model of CAA. Whereas varying degrees of microvascular amyloid and associated neuroinflammation are found in several brain regions, the presence of microbleeds and occluded small vessels is largely restricted to the thalamic region of rTg-DI rats, indicating different levels of CAA and associated pathologies occur in distinct brain regions in this model. Here, using SWATHLC-MS/MS, we report specific proteomic analysis of isolated brain regions and employ pathway analysis to correlate regionally specific proteomic changes with uniquely implicated molecular pathways. Pathway analysis suggested common activation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), abnormal nervous system morphology, and neutrophil degranulation in all three regions. Activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was common to the hippocampus and thalamus, which share high CAA loads, while the thalamus, which uniquely exhibits thrombotic events, additionally displayed activation of thrombin and aggregation of blood cells. Thus, we present significant and new insight into the cerebral proteome changes found in distinct brain regions with differential CAA-related pathologies of rTg-DI rats and provide new information on potential pathogenic mechanisms associated with these regional disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Schrader
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Zhu X, Hatfield J, Sullivan JK, Xu F, Van Nostrand WE. Robust neuroinflammation and perivascular pathology in rTg-DI rats, a novel model of microvascular cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:78. [PMID: 32127016 PMCID: PMC7055091 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cerebral small vessel disease of the aged and a prominent comorbidity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). CAA can promote a variety of vascular-related pathologies including neuroinflammation, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhages, which can all contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Our understanding of the pathogenesis of CAA remains limited and further investigation of this condition requires better preclinical animal models that more accurately reflect the human disease. Recently, we generated a novel transgenic rat model for CAA (rTg-DI) that develops robust and progressive microvascular CAA, consistent microhemorrhages and behavioral deficits. Methods In the current study, we investigated perivascular pathological processes that accompany the onset and progressive accumulation of microvascular CAA in this model. Cohorts of rTg-DI rats were aged to 3 months with the onset of CAA and to 12 months with advanced stage disease and then quantitatively analyzed for progression of CAA, perivascular glial activation, inflammatory markers, and perivascular stress. Results The rTg-DI rats developed early-onset and robust accumulation of microvascular amyloid. As the disease progressed, rTg-DI rats exhibited increased numbers of astrocytes and activated microglia which were accompanied by expression of a distinct subset of inflammatory markers, perivascular pericyte degeneration, astrocytic caspase 3 activation, and disruption of neuronal axonal integrity. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate that rTg-DI rats faithfully mimic numerous aspects of human microvascular CAA and provide new experimental insight into the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and perivascular stress associated with the onset and progression of this condition, suggesting new potential therapeutic targets for this condition. The rTg-DI rats provide an improved preclinical platform for developing new biomarkers and testing therapeutic strategies for microvascular CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Joshua Hatfield
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Present Address: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Joseph K Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Present Address: New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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