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Rudnitsky E, Braiman A, Wolfson M, Muradian KK, Gorbunova V, Turgeman G, Fraifeld VE. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as senotherapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102391. [PMID: 38914266 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence (CS) is recognized as one of the hallmarks of aging, and an important player in a variety of age-related pathologies. Accumulation of senescent cells can promote a pro-inflammatory and pro-cancerogenic microenvironment. Among potential senotherapeutics are extracellular vesicles (EVs) (40-1000 nm), including exosomes (40-150 nm), that play an important role in cell-cell communications. Here, we review the most recent studies on the impact of EVs derived from stem cells (MSCs, ESCs, iPSCs) as well as non-stem cells of various types on CS and discuss potential mechanisms responsible for the senotherapeutic effects of EVs. The analysis revealed that (i) EVs derived from stem cells, pluripotent (ESCs, iPSCs) or multipotent (MSCs of various origin), can mitigate the cellular senescence phenotype both in vitro and in vivo; (ii) this effect is presumably senomorphic; (iii) EVs display cross-species activity, without apparent immunogenic responses. In summary, stem cell-derived EVs appear to be promising senotherapeutics, with a feasible application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Rudnitsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Marina Wolfson
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Khachik K Muradian
- Department of Biology of Aging and Experimental Life Span Extension, State Institute of Gerontology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 4114, Ukraine
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Gadi Turgeman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
| | - Vadim E Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Liu S, Zhao H, Jiang T, Wan G, Yan C, Zhang C, Yang X, Chen Z. The Angiogenic Repertoire of Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles: Demystifying the Molecular Underpinnings for Wound Healing Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10762-y. [PMID: 39001965 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for wound repair, recapitulating the biological effects of parent cells while mitigating immunogenic and tumorigenic risks. These EVs orchestrate wound healing processes, notably through modulating angiogenesis-a critical event in tissue revascularization and regeneration. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted mechanisms underpinning the pro-angiogenic capacity of EVs from various stem cell sources within the wound microenvironment. By elucidating the molecular intricacies governing their angiogenic prowess, we aim to unravel the mechanistic repertoire underlying their remarkable potential to accelerate wound healing. Additionally, methods to enhance the angiogenic effects of SC-EVs, current limitations, and future perspectives are highlighted, emphasizing the significant potential of this rapidly advancing field in revolutionizing wound healing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyuan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huayuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gui Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Jang HJ, Shim KS, Lee J, Park JH, Kang SJ, Shin YM, Lee JB, Baek W, Yoon JK. Engineering of Cell Derived-Nanovesicle as an Alternative to Exosome Therapy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:1-19. [PMID: 38066355 PMCID: PMC10764700 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, nano-sized vesicles ranging between 30 and 150 nm secreted by human cells, play a pivotal role in long-range intercellular communication and have attracted significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, their limited productivity and cost-effectiveness pose challenges for clinical applications. These issues have recently been addressed by cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), which are physically synthesized exosome-mimetic nanovesicles from parent cells, as a promising alternative to exosomes. CDNs exhibit structural, physical, and biological properties similar to exosomes, containing intracellular protein and genetic components encapsulated by the cell plasma membrane. These characteristics allow CDNs to be used as regenerative medicine and therapeutics on their own, or as a drug delivery system. METHODS The paper reviews diverse methods for CDN synthesis, current analysis techniques, and presents engineering strategies to improve lesion targeting efficiency and/or therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS CDNs, with their properties similar to those of exosomes, offer a cost-effective and highly productive alternative due to their non-living biomaterial nature, nano-size, and readiness for use, allowing them to overcome several limitations of conventional cell therapy methods. CONCLUSION Ongoing research and enhancement of CDNs engineering, along with comprehensive safety assessments and stability analysis, exhibit vast potential to advance regenerative medicine by enabling the development of efficient therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sik Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Research Institute of Women's Health, Brain Korea 21 Project, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyeon Park
- Department of Biological Science, Research Institute of Women's Health, Brain Korea 21 Project, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Research Institute of Women's Health, Brain Korea 21 Project, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Research Institute of Women's Health, Brain Korea 21 Project, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wooyeol Baek
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Ganguin AA, Skorup I, Streb S, Othman A, Luciani P. Formation and Investigation of Cell-Derived Nanovesicles as Potential Therapeutics against Chronic Liver Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300811. [PMID: 37669775 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A new therapeutic approach using cell-derived nanovesicles (cdNVs) is offered here to overcome the lack of effective treatments for liver fibrosis, a reversible chronic liver disease. To achieve this goal the formation and purification of cdNVs from untreated, quiescent-like, or activated LX-2 cells, an immortalized human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line with key features of transdifferentiated HSCs are established. Analysis of the genotype and phenotype of naïve and transdifferentiated LX-2 cells activated through transforming growth factor beta 1, following treatment with cdNVs, reveals a concentration-dependent fibrosis regression. The beneficial fibrosis-resolving effects of cdNVs are linked to their biomolecular corona. Liposomes generated using lipids extracted from cdNVs exhibit a reduced antifibrotic response in perpetuated LX-2 cells and show a reduced cellular uptake. However, incubation with soluble factors collected during purification results in a new corona, thereby restoring fibrosis regression activity. Overall, cdNVs display encouraging therapeutic properties, making them a promising candidate for the development of liver fibrosis resolving therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymar Abel Ganguin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Skorup
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Streb
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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Chou Y, Alfarafisa NM, Ikezawa M, Khairani AF. Progress in the Development of Stem Cell-Derived Cell-Free Therapies for Skin Aging. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:3383-3406. [PMID: 38021432 PMCID: PMC10676866 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s434439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The skin is a vital organ as the body's largest barrier, but its function declines with aging. Therefore, research into effective regeneration treatments must continue to advance. Stem cell transplantation, a cell-based therapy, has become a popular skin-aging treatment, although it comes with drawbacks like host immune reactions. Stem cell-derived cell-free therapies have emerged as an alternative, backed by promising preclinical findings. Stem cell secretomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the key components in cell-free therapy from stem cells. However, comprehensive reviews on the mechanisms of such treatments for skin aging are still limited. Purpose This review discusses stem cell-derived cell-free therapy's potential mechanisms of action related to skin aging prevention by identifying specific molecular targets suitable for the interventions. Methods A search identified 27 relevant in vitro studies on stem cell-derived cell-free therapy interventions in skin aging model cells without restricting publication years using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results Stem cell-derived cell-free therapy can prevent skin aging through various mechanisms, such as (1) involvement of multiple regenerative pathways [NFkb, AP-1, MAPK, P-AKT, NRF2, SIRT-1]; (2) oxidative stress regulation [by reducing oxidants (HO-1, NQO1) and enhancing antioxidants (SOD1, CAT, GP, FRAP)]; (3) preventing ECM degradation [by increasing elastin, collagen, HA, TIMP, and reducing MMP]; (4) regulating cell activity [by reducing cell senescence (SA-β-gal), apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest (P53, P12, P16); and enhancing autophagy, cell migration, and cell proliferation (Ki67)] (5) Regulating the inflammatory pathway [by reducing IL-6, IL-1, TNF-⍺, and increasing TGF-β]. Several clinical trials have also revealed improvements in wrinkles, elasticity, hydration, pores, and pigmentation. Conclusion Stem cell-derived cell-free therapy is a potential novel treatment for skin aging by cell rejuvenation through various molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Chou
- Graduate School of Master Program in Anti Aging and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nayla Majeda Alfarafisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Maiko Ikezawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Astrid Feinisa Khairani
- Graduate School of Master Program in Anti Aging and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
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6
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Zhang J, Shi M, Wang J, Li F, Du C, Su G, Xie X, Li S. Novel Strategies for Angiogenesis in Tissue Injury: Therapeutic Effects of iPSCs-Derived Exosomes. Angiology 2023:33197231213192. [PMID: 37933764 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231213192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration after tissue injury is a dynamic and complex process, and angiogenesis is necessary for normal physiological activities and tissue repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells are a new approach in regenerative medicine, which provides good model for the study of difficult-to-obtain human tissues, patient-specific therapy, and tissue repair. As an innovative cell-free therapeutic strategy, the main advantages of the treatment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived exosomes are low in tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, which become an important pathway for tissue injury. This review focuses on the mechanism of the angiogenic effect of iPSCs-derived exosomes on wound repair in tissue injury and their potential therapeutic targets, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the use of iPSCs-derived exosomes in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Maoning Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Gansu Province Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiweng Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
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7
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Zhang M, Wan L, Li R, Li X, Zhu T, Lu H. Engineered exosomes for tissue regeneration: from biouptake, functionalization and biosafety to applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7247-7267. [PMID: 37794789 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01169k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important effector molecules that regulate intercellular signaling pathways. Notably, certain types of exosomes can induce therapeutic responses, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. The use of exosomes in therapy is a hot spot in current research, especially in regenerative medicine. Despite the therapeutic potential, problems have hindered their success in clinical applications. These shortcomings include low concentration, poor targeting and limited loading capability. To fully realize their therapeutic potential, certain modifications are needed in native exosomes. In the present review, we summarize the exosome modification and functionalization strategies. In addition, we provide an overview of potential clinical applications and highlight the issues associated with the biosafety and biocompatibility of engineered exosomes in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Lei Wan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Taifu Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Haibin Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
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Sayyed AA, Gondaliya P, Yan IK, Carrington J, Driscoll J, Moirangthem A, Patel T. Engineering Cell-Derived Nanovesicles for Targeted Immunomodulation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2751. [PMID: 37887902 PMCID: PMC10609599 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise for targeted drug delivery but face production challenges with low yields. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNVs) made by reconstituting cell membranes could serve as EV substitutes. In this study, CDNVs were generated from mesenchymal stem cells by extrusion. Their proteomic composition, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and capacity for loading RNA or proteins were assessed. Compared with EVs, CDNVs were produced at higher yields, were comprised of a broader range of proteins, and showed no detrimental effects on cell proliferation, DNA damage, or nitric oxide production in vitro or on developmental toxicity in vivo. CDNVs could be efficiently loaded with RNA and engineered to modify surface proteins. The feasibility of generating immunomodulatory CDNVs was demonstrated by preparing CDNVs with enhanced surface expression of PD1, which could bind to PD-L1 expressing tumor cells, enhance NK and T cell degranulation, and increase immune-mediated tumor cell death. These findings demonstrate the adaptability and therapeutic promise of CDNVs as promising substitutes for natural EVs that can be engineered to enhance immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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9
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Matos BMD, Stimamiglio MA, Correa A, Robert AW. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: From now to the future. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:453-465. [PMID: 37342215 PMCID: PMC10277970 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometric particles that enclose cell-derived bioactive molecules in a lipid bilayer and serve as intercellular communication tools. Accordingly, in various biological contexts, EVs are reported to engage in immune modulation, senescence, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, EVs could be key elements for potential off-the-shelf cell-free therapy. Little has been studied regarding EVs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-EVs), even though hPSCs offer good opportunities for induction of tissue regeneration and unlimited proliferative ability. In this review article, we provide an overview of studies using hPSC-EVs, focusing on identifying the conditions in which the cells are cultivated for the isolation of EVs, how they are characterized, and applications already demonstrated. The topics reported in this article highlight the incipient status of the studies in the field and the significance of hPSC-EVs’ prospective applications as PSC-derived cell-free therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moises de Matos
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
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Brezgin S, Parodi A, Kostyusheva A, Ponomareva N, Lukashev A, Sokolova D, Pokrovsky VS, Slatinskaya O, Maksimov G, Zamyatnin AA, Chulanov V, Kostyushev D. Technological aspects of manufacturing and analytical control of biological nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108122. [PMID: 36813011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived biological nanoparticles that gained great interest for drug delivery. EVs have numerous advantages compared to synthetic nanoparticles, such as ideal biocompatibility, safety, ability to cross biological barriers and surface modification via genetic or chemical methods. On the other hand, the translation and the study of these carriers resulted difficult, mostly because of significant issues in up-scaling, synthesis and impractical methods of quality control. However, current manufacturing advances enable EV packaging with any therapeutic cargo, including DNA, RNA (for RNA vaccines and RNA therapeutics), proteins, peptides, RNA-protein complexes (including gene-editing complexes) and small molecules drugs. To date, an array of new and upgraded technologies have been introduced, substantially improving EV production, isolation, characterization and standardization. The used-to-be "gold standards" of EV manufacturing are now outdated, and the state-of-art requires extensive revision. This review re-evaluates the pipeline for EV industrial production and provides a critical overview of the modern technologies required for their synthesis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Brezgin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | | | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Darina Sokolova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Olga Slatinskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia.
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11
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Barrachina L, Arshaghi TE, O'Brien A, Ivanovska A, Barry F. Induced pluripotent stem cells in companion animals: how can we move the field forward? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1176772. [PMID: 37180067 PMCID: PMC10168294 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1176772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a one medicine approach, the development of regenerative therapies for human patients leads to innovative treatments for animals, while pre-clinical studies on animals provide knowledge to advance human medicine. Among many different biological products under investigation, stem cells are among the most prominent. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are extensively investigated, but they present challenges such as senescence and limited differentiation ability. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells with a virtually unlimited capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, but the use of embryos carries ethical concerns. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can overcome all of these limitations, as they closely resemble ESCs but are derived from adult cells by reprogramming in the laboratory using pluripotency-associated transcription factors. iPSCs hold great potential for applications in therapy, disease modeling, drug screening, and even species preservation strategies. However, iPSC technology is less developed in veterinary species compared to human. This review attempts to address the specific challenges associated with generating and applying iPSCs from companion animals. Firstly, we discuss strategies for the preparation of iPSCs in veterinary species and secondly, we address the potential for different applications of iPSCs in companion animals. Our aim is to provide an overview on the state of the art of iPSCs in companion animals, focusing on equine, canine, and feline species, as well as to identify which aspects need further optimization and, where possible, to provide guidance on future advancements. Following a "step-by-step" approach, we cover the generation of iPSCs in companion animals from the selection of somatic cells and the reprogramming strategies, to the expansion and characterization of iPSCs. Subsequently, we revise the current applications of iPSCs in companion animals, identify the main hurdles, and propose future paths to move the field forward. Transferring the knowledge gained from human iPSCs can increase our understanding in the biology of pluripotent cells in animals, but it is critical to further investigate the differences among species to develop specific approaches for animal iPSCs. This is key for significantly advancing iPSC application in veterinary medicine, which at the same time will also allow gaining pre-clinical knowledge transferable to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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12
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Karnas E, Dudek P, Zuba-Surma EK. Stem cell- derived extracellular vesicles as new tools in regenerative medicine - Immunomodulatory role and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120175. [PMID: 36761725 PMCID: PMC9902918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the practical use of stem cells (SCs) in the clinic has attracted significant attention in the regenerative medicine due to the ability of these cells to proliferate and differentiate into other cell types. However, recent findings have demonstrated that the therapeutic capacity of SCs may also be mediated by their ability to secrete biologically active factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such submicron circular membrane-enveloped vesicles may be released from the cell surface and harbour bioactive cargo in the form of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and other regulatory factors. Notably, growing evidence has indicated that EVs may transfer their bioactive content into recipient cells and greatly modulate their functional fate. Thus, they have been recently envisioned as a new class of paracrine factors in cell-to-cell communication. Importantly, EVs may modulate the activity of immune system, playing an important role in the regulation of inflammation, exhibiting broad spectrum of the immunomodulatory activity that promotes the transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-regenerative environment in the site of tissue injury. Consequently, growing interest is placed on attempts to utilize EVs in clinical applications of inflammatory-related dysfunctions as potential next-generation therapeutic factors, alternative to cell-based approaches. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge on the biological properties of SC-derived EVs, with special focus on their role in the regulation of inflammatory response. We will also address recent findings on the immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative activity of EVs in several disease models, including in vitro and in vivo preclinical, as well as clinical studies. Finally, we will highlight the current perspectives and future challenges of emerging EV-based therapeutic strategies of inflammation-related diseases treatment.
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13
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The Double-Edged Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Hallmarks of Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010165. [PMID: 36671550 PMCID: PMC9855573 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth in the elderly population and their associated socioeconomic burden have recently brought aging research into the spotlight. To integrate current knowledge and guide potential interventions, nine biochemical pathways are summarized under the term hallmarks of aging. These hallmarks are deeply inter-related and act together to drive the aging process. Altered intercellular communication is particularly relevant since it explains how damage at the cellular level translates into age-related loss of function at the organismal level. As the main effectors of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a key role in the aggravation or mitigation of the hallmarks of aging. This review aims to summarize this role and to provide context for the multiple emerging EV-based gerotherapeutic strategies that are currently under study.
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14
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Qian H, Shan Y, Gong R, Lin D, Zhang M, Wang C, Wang L. Mechanism of action and therapeutic effects of oxidative stress and stem cell-based materials in skin aging: Current evidence and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1082403. [PMID: 36698629 PMCID: PMC9868183 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1082403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with multiple degenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's disease. As the most intuitive manifestation of aging, skin aging has received the most significant attention. Skin aging results from various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Aged skin is characterized by wrinkles, laxity, elastosis, telangiectasia, and aberrant pigmentation. The underlying mechanism is complex and may involve cellular senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and genetic mutations, among other factors. Among them, OS plays an important role in skin aging, and multiple antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, glutathione, and melatonin) are considered to promote skin rejuvenation. In addition, stem cells that exhibit self-replication, multi-directional differentiation, and a strong paracrine function can exert anti-aging effects by inhibiting OS. With the further development of stem cell technology, treatments related to OS mitigation and involving stem cell use may have a promising future in anti-skin aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Huan Qian, ; Lu Wang,
| | - Yihan Shan
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Starbody plastic surgery Clinic, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Huan Qian, ; Lu Wang,
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15
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Bandeira E, Jang SC, Lässer C, Johansson K, Rådinger M, Park KS. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived nanovesicles in experimental allergic airway inflammation. Respir Res 2023; 24:3. [PMID: 36604658 PMCID: PMC9817274 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is associated with airflow obstruction and hyper-responsiveness that arises from airway inflammation and remodeling. Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been shown to attenuate inflammation in asthma models, and similar effects have recently been observed using extracellular vesicles (EV) obtained from these cells. Biologically functional vesicles can also be artificially generated from MSC by extruding cells through membranes to produce EV-mimetic nanovesicles (NV). In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of different MSC-derived vesicles in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS EV were obtained through sequential centrifugation of serum-free media conditioned by human bone marrow MSC for 24 h. NV were produced through serial extrusion of the whole cells through filters. Both types of vesicles underwent density gradient purification and were quantified through nanoparticle tracking analysis. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA, 8 µg), and then randomly divided into the OVA group (intranasally exposed to 100 µg OVA for 5 days) and control group (exposed to PBS). The mice were then further divided into groups that received 2 × 109 EV or NV (intranasally or intraperitoneally) or PBS immediately following the first OVA exposure. RESULTS Administration of EV and NV reduced cellularity and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in OVA-sensitized and OVA-exposed mice. In addition, NV treatment resulted in decreased numbers of inflammatory cells within the lung tissue, and this was associated with lower levels of Eotaxin-2 in both BAL fluid and lung tissue. Furthermore, both intranasal and systemic administration of NV were effective in reducing inflammatory cells; however, systemic delivery resulted in a greater reduction of eosinophilia in the lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that MSC-derived NV significantly reduce OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation to a level comparable to EV. Thus, cell-derived NV may be a novel EV-mimetic therapeutic candidate for treating allergic diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elga Bandeira
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Su Chul Jang
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Johansson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kyong-Su Park
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Zhang B, Gong J, He L, Khan A, Xiong T, Shen H, Li Z. Exosomes based advancements for application in medical aesthetics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1083640. [PMID: 36605254 PMCID: PMC9810265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1083640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beauty is an eternal pursuit of all people. Wound repair, anti-aging, inhibiting hyperpigmentation and hair loss are the main demands for medical aesthetics. At present, the repair and remodeling of human body shape and function in medical aesthetics are often achieved by injection of antioxidants, hyaluronic acid and botulinum toxin, stem cell therapy. However, there are some challenges, such as difficulty controlling the injection dose, abnormal local contour, increased foreign body sensation, and the risk of tumor occurrence and deformity induced by stem cell therapy. Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by cells, which are rich in proteins, nucleic acids and other bioactive molecules. They have the characteristics of low immunogenicity and strong tissue penetration, making them ideal for applications in medical aesthetics. However, their low yield, strong heterogeneity, and long-term preservation still hinder their application in medical aesthetics. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action, administration methods, engineered production and preservation technologies for exosomes in medical aesthetics in recent years to further promote their research and industrialization in the field of medical aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Gong
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Adeel Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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17
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Kang JY, Yoon BK, Baek H, Ko Y, Bhang SH, Jackman JA, Kim JW. Facile and scalable fabrication of exosome-mimicking nanovesicles through PEGylated lipid detergent-aided cell extrusion. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16581-16589. [PMID: 36314744 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a scalable fabrication method to generate exosome-mimicking nanovesicles (ENVs) by using a biocompatible, cell-binding lipid detergent during cell extrusion. A PEGylated mannosylerythritol lipid (MELPEG) detergent was rationally engineered to strongly associate with phospholipid membranes to increase cell membrane deformability and the corresponding friction force during extrusion and to enhance the dispersibility of ENVs. Compared to cell extrusion without detergent, cell extrusion in the presence of MELPEG increased the ENV production yield by approximately 20 times and cellular protein content per MELPEG-functionalized ENV by approximately 2-fold relative to that of unmodified ENVs. We verified that MELPEG strongly binds to ENV membranes and increases membrane deformability via expansion/swelling while preserving the integrity of the phospholipid bilayer structure. The results highlight that the MELPEG-aided cell extrusion process broadly applies to various cell lines; hence, it could be helpful in the production of ENVs for tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yi Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16149, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwira Baek
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16149, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuri Ko
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16149, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16149, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16149, Republic of Korea.
- Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16149, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Isolation of Aloe saponaria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Investigation of Their Potential for Chronic Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091905. [PMID: 36145653 PMCID: PMC9504946 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic wound is caused by a failure to progress through the normal phases of wound repair in an orderly and timely manner. To induce skin regeneration while inhibiting chronic inflammation, numerous natural products, and in particular, plant-derived biomaterials, have been developed. Aloe saponaria, is known to contain flavonoid and phenolic acid compounds with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Aloe saponaria by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based precipitation and investigated their potential as a therapeutic for chronic wound healing. The Aloe saponaria-derived EVs (AS-EVs) showed no significant cytotoxicity on several cell types, despite a high level of intracellular uptake. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with AS-EVs, significant reductions in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, were observed. Proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts, as determined by the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 and transwell migration assay, respectively, were shown to be promoted by treatment with AS-EVs. It was also demonstrated that AS-EVs enhanced tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating a stimulatory activity on angiogenesis; one of the crucial steps for effective wound healing. Collectively, our results suggest the potential of AS-EVs as a natural therapeutic for chronic wound healing.
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19
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Zhang E, Phan P, Zhao Z. Cellular nanovesicles for therapeutic immunomodulation: A perspective on engineering strategies and new advances. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1789-1827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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20
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Wang X, Hu S, Li J, Zhu D, Wang Z, Cores J, Cheng K, Liu G, Huang K. Extruded Mesenchymal Stem Cell Nanovesicles Are Equally Potent to Natural Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55767-55779. [PMID: 34793116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) repair injured tissues mainly through their paracrine actions. One of the important paracrine components of MSC secretomes is the extracellular vesicle (EV). The therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs has been established in various cardiac injury preclinical models. However, the large-scale production of EVs remains a challenge. We sought to develop a scale-up friendly method to generate a large number of therapeutic nanovesicles from MSCs by extrusion. Those extruded nanovesicles (NVs) are miniature versions of MSCs in terms of surface marker expression. The yield of NVs is 20-fold more than that of EVs. In vitro, cell-based assays demonstrated the myocardial protective effects and therapeutic potential of NVs. Intramyocardial delivery of NVs in the injured heart after ischemia-reperfusion led to a reduction in scar sizes and preservation of cardiac functions. Such therapeutic benefits are similar to those injected with natural EVs from the same MSC parental cells. In addition, NV therapy promoted angiogenesis and proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the post-injury heart. In summary, extrusion is a highly efficient method to generate a large quantity of therapeutic NVs that can potentially replace extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Wang
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
| | - Junlang Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
| | - Jhon Cores
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607 North Carolina, United States
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21
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Wagner KT, Radisic M. A New Role for Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100047. [PMID: 34927167 PMCID: PMC8680295 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Discovering new therapies to treat heart disease requires improved understanding of cardiac physiology at a cellular level. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are plasma membrane-bound nano- and microparticles secreted by cells and known to play key roles in intercellular communication, often through transfer of biomolecular cargo. Advances in EV research have established techniques for EV isolation from tissue culture media or biofluids, as well as standards for quantitation and biomolecular characterization. EVs released by cardiac cells are known to be involved in regulating cardiac physiology as well as in the progression of myocardial diseases. Due to difficulty accessing the heart in vivo, advanced in vitro cardiac 'tissues-on-a-chip' have become a recent focus for studying EVs in the heart. These physiologically relevant models are producing new insight into the role of EVs in cardiac physiology and disease while providing a useful platform for screening novel EV-based therapeutics for cardiac tissue regeneration post-injury. Numerous hurdles have stalled the clinical translation of EV therapeutics for heart patients, but tissue-on-a-chip models are playing an important role in bridging the translational gap, improving mechanistic understanding of EV signalling in cardiac physiology, disease, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T Wagner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
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22
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Feng ZY, Zhang QY, Tan J, Xie HQ. Techniques for increasing the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes: what factors may be involved? SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:1325-1341. [PMID: 34637101 PMCID: PMC8506103 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and constitute an important part in the cell-cell communication. The main contents of the exosomes include proteins, microRNAs, and lipids. The mechanism and safety of stem cell-derived exosomes have rendered them a promising therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, limited yield has restrained full explication of their functions and clinical applications To address this, various attempts have been made to explore the up- and down-stream manipulations in a bid to increase the production of exosomes. This review has recapitulated factors which may influence the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes, including selection and culture of stem cells, isolation and preservation of the exosomes, and development of artificial exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Feng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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23
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Yin Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang X. Roles of extracellular vesicles in the aging microenvironment and age-related diseases. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12154. [PMID: 34609061 PMCID: PMC8491204 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a persistently hypoproliferative state with diverse stressors in a specific aging microenvironment. Senescent cells have a double-edged sword effect: they can be physiologically beneficial for tissue repair, organ growth, and body homeostasis, and they can be pathologically harmful in age-related diseases. Among the hallmarks of senescence, the SASP, especially SASP-related extracellular vesicle (EV) signalling, plays the leading role in aging transmission via paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. EVs are successful in intercellular and interorgan communication in the aging microenvironment and age-related diseases. They have detrimental effects on downstream targets at the levels of immunity, inflammation, gene expression, and metabolism. Furthermore, EVs obtained from different donors are also promising materials and tools for antiaging treatments and are used for regeneration and rejuvenation in cell-free systems. Here, we describe the characteristics of cellular senescence and the aging microenvironment, concentrating on the production and function of EVs in age-related diseases, and provide new ideas for antiaging therapy with EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ludi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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24
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Li Y, Xiao Q, Tang J, Xiong L, Li L. Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Therapeutics in Cutaneous Lesions. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6183-6202. [PMID: 34522095 PMCID: PMC8434831 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s322356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanoscale membranous vesicles containing DNAs, RNAs, lipids and proteins, have emerged as promising diagnostic and therapeutic agents for skin diseases. Here, we summarize the basic physiology of the skin and the biological characteristic of EVs. Further, we describe the applications of EVs in the treatment of dermatological conditions such as skin infection, inflammatory skin diseases, skin repair and rejuvenation and skin cancer. In particular, plant-derived EVs and clinical trials are discussed. In addition, challenges and perspectives related to the preclinical and clinical applications of EVs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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25
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Girón J, Maurmann N, Pranke P. The role of stem cell-derived exosomes in the repair of cutaneous and bone tissue. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:183-201. [PMID: 34514621 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, which play important roles in physiological processes. In particular, stem cell-derived exosomes have been shown to play crucial functions in intercellular communication during the tissue healing process. This review summarizes the effects of exosomes derived from different stem cell sources on the repair of cutaneous and bone tissue, focusing on the different pathways that could be involved in the regeneration process. The biogenesis, isolation, and content of exosomes have also been discussed. The effectiveness of exosomes is broadly demonstrated for skin and bone regeneration in animal models, supporting the basis for clinical translation of exosomes as a ready-to-use cell-free therapeutic for skin and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Girón
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natasha Maurmann
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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26
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Das M, Kale V. Involvement of extracellular vesicles in aging process and their beneficial effects in alleviating aging-associated symptoms. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2403-2419. [PMID: 34427351 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual and unavoidable physiological phenomenon that manifests in the natural maturation process and continues to progress from infanthood to adulthood. Many elderly people suffer from aging-associated hematological and nonhematological disorders. Recent advances in regenerative medicine have shown new revolutionary paths of treating such diseases using stem cells; however, aging also affects the quality and competence of stem and progenitor cells themselves and ultimately directs their death or apoptosis and senescence, leading to a decline in their regenerative potential. Recent research works show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from different types of stem cells may provide a safe treatment for aging-associated disorders. The cargo of EVs comprises packets of information in the form of various macromolecules that can modify the fate of the target cells. To harness the true potential of EVs in regenerative medicine, it is necessary to understand how this cargo contributes to the rejuvenation of aged stem and progenitor populations and to identify the aging-associated changes in the macromolecular profile of the EVs themselves. In this review, we endeavor to summarize the current knowledge of the involvement of EVs in the aging process and delineate the role of EVs in the reversal of aging-associated phenotypes. We have also analyzed the involvement of the molecular cargo of EVs in the generation of aging-associated disorders. This knowledge could not only help us in understanding the mechanism of the aging process but could also facilitate the development of new cell-free biologics to treat aging-related disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Das
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
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27
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Chen W, Zhu J, Lin F, Xu Y, Feng B, Feng X, Sheng X, Shi X, Pan Q, Yang J, Yu J, Li L, Cao H. Human placenta mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes delay H 2O 2-induced aging in mouse cholangioids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:201. [PMID: 33752720 PMCID: PMC7983269 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocyte senescence is an important pathological process in diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Stem cell/induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes have shown anti-senescence effects in various diseases. We applied novel organoid culture technology to establish and characterize cholangiocyte organoids (cholangioids) with oxidative stress-induced senescence and then investigated whether human placenta mesenchymal stem cell (hPMSC)-derived exosomes exerted a protective effect in senescent cholangioids. Methods We identified the growth characteristics of cholangioids by light microscopy and confocal microscopy. Exosomes were introduced concurrently with H2O2 into the cholangioids. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining analyses, we assessed the expression patterns of the senescence markers p16INK4a, p21WAF1/Cip1, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and then characterized the mRNA and protein expression levels of chemokines and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components. Results Well-established cholangioids expressed cholangiocyte-specific markers. Oxidative stress-induced senescence enhanced the expression of the senescence-associated proteins p16INK4a, p21WAF1/Cip1, and SA-β-gal in senescent cholangioids compared with the control group. Treatment with hPMSC-derived exosomes delayed the cholangioid aging progress and reduced the levels of SASP components (i.e., interleukin-6 and chemokine CC ligand 2). Conclusions Senescent organoids are a potential novel model for better understanding senescence progression in cholangiocytes. hPMSC-derived exosomes exert protective effects against senescent cholangioids under oxidative stress-induced injury by delaying aging and reducing SASP components, which might have therapeutic potential for PSC or PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Feiyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
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28
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041769. [PMID: 33578948 PMCID: PMC7916646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived cells display therapeutic effects, mainly via the paracrine mechanism in addition to their transdifferentiation ability. Exosomes have emerged as an important paracrine factor for iPSCs to repair injured cells through the delivery of bioactive components. Animal reports of iPSC-derived exosomes on various disease models are increasing, such as in heart, limb, liver, skin, bone, eye and neurological disease and so forth. This review aims to summarize the therapeutic effects of iPSC-derived exosomes on various disease models and their properties, such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis, with the hopes of improving their potential role in clinical applications and functional restoration.
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29
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Zhang C, Wang T, Zhang L, Chen P, Tang S, Chen A, Li M, Peng G, Gao H, Weng H, Zhang H, Li S, Chen J, Chen L, Chen X. Combination of lyophilized adipose-derived stem cell concentrated conditioned medium and polysaccharide hydrogel in the inhibition of hypertrophic scarring. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:23. [PMID: 33413617 PMCID: PMC7792059 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell-based acellular therapies have been widely exploited in managing hypertrophic scars. However, low maintenance dose and transitory therapeutic effects during topical medication remain a thorny issue. Herein, this study aimed to optimize the curative effect of adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) in the prevention of hypertrophic scarring. METHODS In the present study, ADSC-CM was concentrated via the freeze-drying procedure. The efficacy of different dose groups (CM, CM5, CM10) was conducted on the proliferation, apoptosis, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression of human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs) in vitro. Incorporation of adipose-derived stem cell concentrated conditioned medium (ADSCC-CM) into polysaccharide hydrogel was investigated in rabbit ear, in vivo. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining were performed for the evaluation of scar hyperplasia. RESULTS We noted that ADSCC-CM could downregulate the α-SMA expression of HKFs in a dose-dependent manner. In the rabbit ear model, the scar hyperplasia in the medium-dose group (CM5) and high-dose group (CM10) was inhibited with reduced scar elevation index (SEI) under 4 months of observation. It is noteworthy that the union of CM5 and polysaccharide hydrogel (CM5+H) yielded the best preventive effect on scar hyperplasia. Briefly, melanin, height, vascularity, and pliability in the CM5+H group were better than those of the control group. Collagen was evenly distributed, and skin appendages could be regenerated. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, ADSCC-CM can downregulate the expression of α-SMA due to its anti-fibrosis effect and promote the rearrangement of collagen fibres, which is integral to scar precaution. The in situ cross bonding of ADSCC-CM and polysaccharide hydrogel could remarkably enhance the therapeutic outcomes in inhibiting scar proliferation. Hence, the alliance of ADSCC-CM and hydrogel may become a potential alternative in hypertrophic scar prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Stem Cell Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Central Sterile Supply, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Penghong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Stem Cell Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Stem Cell Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aizhen Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Stem Cell Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guohao Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Stem Cell Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hangqi Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Weng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haoruo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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30
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Cha H, Hong S, Park JH, Park HH. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Nanovesicles: Promotion of Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Anti-Senescence for Treatment of Wound Damage and Skin Ageing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1135. [PMID: 33255430 PMCID: PMC7761250 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, are nano-sized vesicles derived from endocytic membranes and contain biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNAs for the transfer of signals to recipient cells, playing significant roles in cell-to-cell communication. Discovery of exosomes has attracted attention for possible use as next generation therapies in clinical applications; however, several studies suggest that cells secrete exosomes that perform as mediators in the tumor niche and play several roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recently, stem cell-derived exosomes have been suggested as a desirable source for regenerative medicine due to their roles in the promotion of angiogenesis via migratory and proliferative mechanisms. This review is aimed at demonstrating the present knowledge of stem cell-derived exosomes and cell-engineered nanovesicles (CNVs) as proliferative, migratory, and anti-senescent therapeutic biomaterial for use in tissue regeneration; wound healing and anti-ageing are explained. We conclude this review by discussing the future perspectives of stem cell-derived exosomes and CNVs as a platform in therapeutic strategies for treatment of wound damage and skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjin Cha
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Seyoung Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-Machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-Machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
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31
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Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134623. [PMID: 32610582 PMCID: PMC7369858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) receive special attention from oncologists due to their assumed usefulness as prognostic markers, vaccines to induce anti-cancer immune response, and physiological delivery tools. The latter application, which supports the reduction of side effects of treatment, is still fraught with many challenges, including established methods for loading EVs with selected cargo and directing them towards target cells. EVs could be loaded with selected cargo either in vitro using several physicochemical techniques, or in vivo by modification of parental cell, which may have an advantage over in vitro procedures, since some of them significantly influence EVs’ properties. Otherwise, our research findings suggest that EVs could be passively supplemented with micro RNAs (miRNAs) or miRNA antagonists to induce expected biological effect. Furthermore, our observations imply that antigen-specific antibody light chains could coat the surface of EVs to increase the specificity of cell targeting. Finally, the route of EVs’ administration also determines their bioavailability and eventually induced therapeutic effect. Besides, EV membrane lipids may possibly possess immune adjuvant activity. The review summarizes the current knowledge on the possibilities to manipulate EVs to use them as a delivery tool, with the special emphasis on anti-cancer therapy.
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