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Zhang L, Zhou Y, Xie Y, Ying Y, Li Y, Ye S, Wang Z. Adjunctive clozapine with bright light mitigates cognitive deficits by synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in sub-chronic MK-801 treated mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 243:173821. [PMID: 39002805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia impacts about 1 % of the global population, with clozapine (CLZ) being a critical treatment for refractory cases despite its limitations in effectiveness and adverse effects. Therefore, the search for more effective treatments remains urgent. Light treatment (LT) recognized for enhancing cognition and mood, presents a promising complementary approach. This study investigated the effects of CLZ and LT on cognitive impairments in a sub-chronic MK-801 induced schizophrenia mouse model. Results showed that both CLZ and CLZ + LT treatment elevate cognitive performance of sub-chronic MK-801 treated mice in serial behavioral tests over two months. Histological analysis revealed increased dendritic spine density and branching, and synaptic repair in the hippocampus with CLZ and CLZ + LT interventions. Furthermore, both treatments increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, likely contributing to cognitive amelioration in MK-801 treated mice. Additionally, BrdU labeling revealed that CLZ + LT further enhances neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) and lateral ventricle (LV) of sub-chronic MK-801 treated mice. These findings may have implications for the development of noninvasive and adjunctive treatment strategies aimed at alleviating cognitive impairments and improving functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yiying Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yanhong Xie
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yudong Ying
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yan Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Sen Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Zhengchun Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
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Moss ND, Wells KL, Theis A, Kim YK, Spigelman AF, Liu X, MacDonald PE, Sussel L. Modulation of insulin secretion by RBFOX2-mediated alternative splicing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7732. [PMID: 38007492 PMCID: PMC10676425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion is a tightly regulated process that is vital for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Although the molecular components of insulin granule trafficking and secretion are well established, how they are regulated to rapidly fine-tune secretion in response to changing environmental conditions is not well characterized. Recent studies have determined that dysregulation of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and aberrant mRNA splicing occurs at the onset of diabetes. We demonstrate that the RBP, RBFOX2, is a critical regulator of insulin secretion through the alternative splicing of genes required for insulin granule docking and exocytosis. Conditional mutation of Rbfox2 in the mouse pancreas results in decreased insulin secretion and impaired blood glucose homeostasis. Consistent with defects in secretion, we observe reduced insulin granule docking and corresponding splicing defects in the SNARE complex components. These findings identify an additional mechanism for modulating insulin secretion in both healthy and dysfunctional pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Moss
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen L Wells
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra Theis
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yong-Kyung Kim
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Musuroglu Keloglan S, Sahin L, Kocahan S, Annac E, Tirasci N, Pekmezekmek AB. Effect of caffeine on hippocampal memory and levels of gene expression in social isolation stress. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:641-652. [PMID: 37575074 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine (Cf) antagonizes the adenosine receptors and has neuroprotective properties. The effect of Cf has been seen on stress-induced deficits of cognitive. In this study, we have investigated the effect of Cf on learning and memory functions induced by social isolation (SI) stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 21-day-old Wistar albino male rats (n = 28) were divided into four groups: the control (C), the SI, the Cf, and the social isolation + caffeine (SICf). Cf (0.3 g/L) was added to the drinking water of the experimental animals for 4 weeks. The learning and memory functions were assessed using the Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT). Following, was performed histopathological evaluation and determined hippocampal gene expression levels by RT-qPCR. RESULTS According to MWMT findings, the time spent in the quadrant where the platform removed was decreased in the SI group compared with the C (p < 0.05). Histological evaluation showed morphological changes in SI by irregular appearance, cellular edema, and dark pycnotic appearance of nuclei in some neurons. However, it was observed that the histological structure of most of the neurons in the SICf group was similar to the C and Cf groups. Hippocampal SNAP25 expression was decreased in the Cf and SICf groups than in the C group (p < 0.05). The GFAP expression was increased in the SICf group than in the C group (p < 0.05). NR2A increased in the SI and SICf groups compared with C and Cf groups (p < 0.05). NR2B expression decreased in the Cf group compared with C and SI groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SI impaired spatial memory and causes morphological changes in adolescent rats, but this effect of isolation was not seen in Cf-treated animals. The effects of SI on NR2A, Cf on NR2B, and SNAP25 are remarkable. Here, we propose that the impaired effect of SI on spatial memory may be mediated by NR2A, but further studies are needed to explain this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyla Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sayad Kocahan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Gulhane Medicine, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Annac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Tirasci
- Department of Zootechnics and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Bolognesi E, Guerini FR, Carta A, Chiappedi M, Sotgiu S, Mensi MM, Agliardi C, Zanzottera M, Clerici M. The Role of SNAP-25 in Autism Spectrum Disorders Onset Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14042. [PMID: 37762342 PMCID: PMC10531097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can present with different onset and timing of symptom development; children may manifest symptoms early in their first year of life, i.e., early onset (EO-ASD), or may lose already achieved skills during their second year of life, thus showing a regressive-type onset (RO-ASD). It is still controversial whether regression represents a neurobiological subtype of ASD, resulting from distinct genetic and environmental causes. We focused this study on the 25 kD synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP-25) gene involved in both post-synaptic formation and adhesion and considered a key player in the pathogenesis of ASD. To this end, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SNAP-25 gene, rs363050, rs363039, rs363043, and rs1051312, already known to be involved in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, were analyzed in a cohort of 69 children with EO-ASD and 58 children with RO-ASD. Both the rs363039 G allele and GG genotype were significantly more frequently carried by patients with EO-ASD than those with RO-ASD and healthy controls (HC). On the contrary, the rs1051312 T allele and TT genotype were more frequent in individuals with RO-ASD than those with EO-ASD and HC. Thus, two different SNAP-25 alleles/genotypes seem to discriminate between EO-ASD and RO-ASD. Notably, rs1051312 is located in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the gene and is the target of microRNA (miRNA) regulation, suggesting a possible epigenetic role in the onset of regressive autism. These SNPs, by discriminating two different onset patterns, may represent diagnostic biomarkers of ASD and may provide insight into the different biological mechanisms towards the development of better tailored therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bolognesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Martina Maria Mensi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Cristina Agliardi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Milena Zanzottera
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Mario Clerici
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Martella G. Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity: Dynamic Changes in Neuron Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12567. [PMID: 37628751 PMCID: PMC10454657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain has hundreds of billions of neurons and at least 7 million dendrites have been hypothesized to exist for each neuron, with over 100 trillion neuron-neuron, neuron-muscle, and neuron-endocrine cell synapses [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Umanities Educations and Sports, Pegaso University, 80143 Naples, Italy
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Saloner R, Paolillo EW, Wojta KJ, Fonseca C, Gontrum EQ, Lario-Lago A, Rabinovici GD, Yokoyama JS, Rexach JE, Kramer JH, Casaletto KB. Sex-specific effects of SNAP-25 genotype on verbal memory and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in clinically normal older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3448-3457. [PMID: 36807763 PMCID: PMC10435666 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested sex-dependent associations of variation in the SNAP-25 gene, which encodes a presynaptic protein involved in hippocampal plasticity and memory, on cognitive and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuroimaging outcomes in clinically normal adults. METHODS Participants were genotyped for SNAP-25 rs1051312 (T > C; SNAP-25 expression: C-allele > T/T). In a discovery cohort (N = 311), we tested the sex by SNAP-25 variant interaction on cognition, Aβ-PET positivity, and temporal lobe volumes. Cognitive models were replicated in an independent cohort (N = 82). RESULTS In the discovery cohort, C-allele carriers exhibited better verbal memory and language, lower Aβ-PET positivity rates, and larger temporal volumes than T/T homozygotes among females, but not males. Larger temporal volumes related to better verbal memory only in C-carrier females. The female-specific C-allele verbal memory advantage was evidenced in the replication cohort. CONCLUSIONS In females, genetic variation in SNAP-25 is associated with resistance to amyloid plaque formation and may support verbal memory through fortification of temporal lobe architecture. HIGHLIGHTS The SNAP-25 rs1051312 (T > C) C-allele results in higher basal SNAP-25 expression. C-allele carriers had better verbal memory in clinically normal women, but not men. Female C-carriers had higher temporal lobe volumes, which predicted verbal memory. Female C-carriers also exhibited the lowest rates of amyloid-beta PET positivity. The SNAP-25 gene may influence female-specific resistance to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Saloner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily W. Paolillo
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kevin J. Wojta
- Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Corrina Fonseca
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Eva Q. Gontrum
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Argentina Lario-Lago
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jessica E. Rexach
- Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Brocato ER, Wolstenholme JT. Adolescent binge ethanol impacts H3K36me3 regulation of synaptic genes. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1082104. [PMID: 36937047 PMCID: PMC10020663 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1082104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is marked in part by the ongoing development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Binge ethanol use during this critical stage in neurodevelopment induces significant structural changes to the PFC, as well as cognitive and behavioral deficits that can last into adulthood. Previous studies showed that adolescent binge ethanol causes lasting deficits in working memory, decreases in the expression of chromatin remodeling genes responsible for the methylation of histone 3 lysine 36 (H3K36), and global decreases in H3K36 in the PFC. H3K36me3 is present within the coding region of actively-transcribed genes, and safeguards against aberrant, cryptic transcription by RNA Polymerase II. We hypothesize that altered methylation of H3K36 could play a role in adolescent binge ethanol-induced memory deficits. To investigate this at the molecular level, ethanol (4 g/kg, i.g.) or water was administered intermittently to adolescent mice. RNA-and ChIP-sequencing were then performed within the same tissue to determine gene expression changes and identify genes and loci where H3K36me3 was disrupted by ethanol. We further assessed ethanol-induced changes at the transcription level with differential exon-use and cryptic transcription analysis - a hallmark of decreased H3K36me3. Here, we found ethanol-induced changes to the gene expression and H3K36me3-regulation of synaptic-related genes in all our analyses. Notably, H3K36me3 was differentially trimethylated between ethanol and control conditions at synaptic-related genes, and Snap25 and Cplx1 showed evidence of cryptic transcription in males and females treated with ethanol during adolescence. Our results provide preliminary evidence that ethanol-induced changes to H3K36me3 during adolescent neurodevelopment may be linked to synaptic dysregulation at the transcriptional level, which may explain the reported ethanol-induced changes to PFC synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Brocato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer T. Wolstenholme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Elevated hippocampal mGlut2 receptors in rats with metabolic syndrome-induced-memory impairment, possible protection by vitamin D. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4292. [PMID: 33619310 PMCID: PMC7900210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) composed of high-energy, heavy particles (HZE) poses potentially serious hazards to long-duration crewed missions in deep space beyond earth’s magnetosphere, including planned missions to Mars. Chronic effects of GCR exposure on brain structure and cognitive function are poorly understood, thereby limiting risk reduction and mitigation strategies to protect against sequelae from exposure during and after deep-space travel. Given the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to neurotoxic insult and the importance of this brain region to learning and memory, we hypothesized that GCR-relevant HZE exposure may induce long-term alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. To test this hypothesis, we irradiated 3-month-old male and female mice with a single, whole-body dose of 10, 50, or 100 cGy 56Fe ions (600 MeV, 181 keV/μm) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Our data reveal complex, dynamic, time-dependent effects of HZE exposure on the hippocampus. Two months post exposure, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and learning were impaired compared to sham-irradiated, age-matched controls. By six months post-exposure, deficits in spatial learning were absent in irradiated mice, and synaptic potentiation was enhanced. Enhanced performance in spatial learning and facilitation of synaptic plasticity in irradiated mice persisted 12 months post-exposure, concomitant with a dramatic rebound in adult-born neurons. Synaptic plasticity and spatial learning remained enhanced 20 months post-exposure, indicating a life-long influence on plasticity and cognition from a single exposure to HZE in young adulthood. These findings suggest that GCR-exposure can persistently alter brain health and cognitive function during and after long-duration travel in deep space.
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