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Romero MR, Bracamonte AG. Optical Active Meta-Surfaces, -Substrates, and Single Quantum Dots Based on Tuning Organic Composites with Graphene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3242. [PMID: 38998324 PMCID: PMC11242519 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In this communication, the design and fabrication of optical active metamaterials were developed by the incorporation of graphene and joining it to different substrates with variable spectroscopical properties. It focuses on how graphene and its derivatives could generate varied optical setups and materials considering modified and enhanced optics within substrates and surfaces. In this manner, it is discussed how light could be tuned and modified along its path from confined nano-patterned surfaces or through a modified micro-lens. In addition to these optical properties generated from the physical interaction of light, it should be added that the non-classical light pathways and quantum phenomena could participate. In this way, graphene and related carbon-based materials with particular properties, such as highly condensed electronics, pseudo-electromagnetic properties, and quantum and luminescent properties, could be incorporated. Therefore, the modified substrates could be switched by photo-stimulation with variable responses depending on the nature of the material constitution. Therefore, the optical properties of graphene and its derivatives are discussed in these types of metasurfaces with targeted optical active properties, such as within the UV, IR, and terahertz wavelength intervals, along with their further properties and respective potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R. Romero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), IPQA−CONICET, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina;
| | - A. Guillermo Bracamonte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Físicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina
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2
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Tang Z, Wu YR, Li SY, Zhang HF. An optimized metastructure switchable between ultra-wideband angle-insensitive absorption and transmissive polarization conversion: a theoretical study. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11977-11990. [PMID: 38597125 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
An optimized metastructure (MS) switchable between ultra-wideband (UWB) angle-insensitive absorption, and transmissive linear-to-circular (LTC) polarization conversion (PC), is proposed, which is a theoretical study. The structural parameters of this MS are optimized by the thermal exchange optimization algorithm. By modulating the chemical potential (μc) of the graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial embedded in the MS, the MS can achieve UWB absorption in the absorption state and LTC PC in the transmission state. At normal incidence, in the absorption state, the MS exhibits absorptivity exceeding 0.9 within 7-15.45 THz, with a relative bandwidth (RBW) of 75.28%. By elevating μc, an UWB LTC PC is realized, with a RBW of 118.8%, achieving transmittance above 0.9 and the axial ratio below 3 dB. When prioritizing the angular stability, in the absorption state, the MS secures the angular stability of 75° for TE waves and 65° for TM ones. In the transmission state, the angular stability of PC reaches 60°, with RBW = 100.7%. Moreover, by manipulating μc, the tunability of UWB absorption is realized. The optimized MS provides a reference for designing multifunctional intelligent terahertz modulators, with promising application potential in domains like electromagnetic shielding, communication systems, and THz modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - You-Ran Wu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Si-Ying Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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3
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Du C, Gregory P, Jamadgni DU, Pauls AM, Chang JJ, Dorn RW, Martin A, Foster EJ, Rossini AJ, Thuo M. Spatially Directed Pyrolysis via Thermally Morphing Surface Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308822. [PMID: 37466460 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Combustion is often difficult to spatially direct or tune associated kinetics-hence a run-away reaction. Coupling pyrolytic chemical transformation to mass transport and reaction rates (Damköhler number), however, we spatially directed ignition with concomitant switch from combustion to pyrolysis (low oxidant). A 'surface-then-core' order in ignition, with concomitant change in burning rate,is therefore established. Herein, alkysilanes grafted onto cellulose fibers are pyrolyzed into non-flammable SiO2 terminating surface ignition propagation, hence stalling flame propagating. Sustaining high temperatures, however, triggers ignition in the bulk of the fibers but under restricted gas flow (oxidant and/or waste) hence significantly low rate of ignition propagation and pyrolysis compared to open flame (Liñán's equation). This leads to inside-out thermal degradation and, with felicitous choice of conditions, formation of graphitic tubes. Given the temperature dependence, imbibing fibers with an exothermically oxidizing synthon (MnCl2 ) or a heat sink (KCl) abets or inhibits pyrolysis leading to tuneable wall thickness. We apply this approach to create magnetic, paramagnetic, or oxide containing carbon fibers. Given the surface sensitivity, we illustrate fabrication of nm- and μm-diameter tubes from appropriately sized fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshen Du
- Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Paul Gregory
- Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Dhanush U Jamadgni
- Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alana M Pauls
- Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Julia J Chang
- Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Rick W Dorn
- US Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Andrew Martin
- Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - E Johan Foster
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- US Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Martin Thuo
- Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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4
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Geka G, Kanioura A, Likodimos V, Gardelis S, Papanikolaou N, Kakabakos S, Petrou P. SERS Immunosensors for Cancer Markers Detection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3733. [PMID: 37241360 PMCID: PMC10221005 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and monitoring are essential for the effective treatment and survival of patients with different types of malignancy. To this end, the accurate and sensitive determination of substances in human biological fluids related to cancer diagnosis and/or prognosis, i.e., cancer biomarkers, is of ultimate importance. Advancements in the field of immunodetection and nanomaterials have enabled the application of new transduction approaches for the sensitive detection of single or multiple cancer biomarkers in biological fluids. Immunosensors based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are examples where the special properties of nanostructured materials and immunoreagents are combined to develop analytical tools that hold promise for point-of-care applications. In this frame, the subject of this review article is to present the advancements made so far regarding the immunochemical determination of cancer biomarkers by SERS. Thus, after a short introduction about the principles of both immunoassays and SERS, an extended presentation of up-to-date works regarding both single and multi-analyte determination of cancer biomarkers is presented. Finally, future perspectives on the field of SERS immunosensors for cancer markers detection are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Geka
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (G.G.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Anastasia Kanioura
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (G.G.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Vlassis Likodimos
- Section of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece; (V.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Spiros Gardelis
- Section of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece; (V.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Nikolaos Papanikolaou
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (G.G.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (G.G.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
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5
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Navarrete MC, Díaz-Herrera N, González-Cano A. Deposition of Graphene Oxide on an SPR Fiber Refractometer for Sensor Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4098. [PMID: 37112439 PMCID: PMC10142423 DOI: 10.3390/s23084098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have been increasingly incorporated to optical fiber plasmonic sensors due to the peculiar physical and chemical properties of these materials (hardness and flexibility, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and very good adsorption for many substances, etc.). In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally showed how the addition of graphene oxide (GO) to optical fiber refractometers permits the development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors with very good characteristics. We used doubly deposited uniform-waist tapered optical fibers (DLUWTs) as supporting structures because of their already proven good performance. The presence of GO as an effective third layer is useful to tune the wavelength of the resonances. In addition, the sensitivity was improved. We depict the procedures for the production of the devices and characterize the GO+DLUWTs produced in this way. We also showed how the experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions and used these to estimate the thickness of deposited GO. Finally, we compared the performance of our sensors with other ones that have been recently reported, showing that our results are among the best reported. Using GO as the medium in contact with the analyte, in addition to the good overall performance of devices, permit consideration of this option as an interesting possibility for the future development of SPR-based fiber sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cruz Navarrete
- Optics Department, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Herrera
- Optics Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín González-Cano
- Optics Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Markom AM, Ghafar NAMA, Batumalay M, Yusof Y, Rosol AHA, Zulkipli NF, Muhammad AR, Haris H, Saad I, Harun SW. Dissipative Soliton Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Nb 2AlC Nanomaterial Saturable Absorber. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:810. [PMID: 36903689 PMCID: PMC10005740 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of an erbium-doped fiber-based saturable absorber (SA) of niobium aluminium carbide (Nb2AlC) nanomaterial that can generate a dissipative soliton mode-locked pulse. Stable mode-locked pulses operating at 1530 nm with repetition rates of 1 MHz and pulse widths of 6.375 ps were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the Nb2AlC nanomaterial. A peak pulse energy of 7.43 nJ was measured at 175.87 mW pump power. In addition to providing some useful design suggestions for manufacturing SAs based on MAX phase materials, this work shows the MAX phase materials' immense potential for making ultra-short laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arni Munira Markom
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Malathy Batumalay
- Faculty of Data Science and IT, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusrina Yusof
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Haziq Aiman Rosol
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farhanah Zulkipli
- Department of Engineering and Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC) Penang Branch Campus, Tanjong Bungah 11200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazlihan Haris
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Saad
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
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7
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Cammarata S, Fontana A, Kaplan AE, Cornia S, Dao TH, Lacava C, Demontis V, Iadanza S, Vitali V, De Matteis F, Pedreschi E, Magazzù G, Toncelli A, Spinella F, Saponara S, Gunnella R, Rossella F, Salamon A, Bellani V. Polarization Control in Integrated Graphene-Silicon Quantum Photonics Waveguides. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8739. [PMID: 36556545 PMCID: PMC9786119 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigated the use of graphene nanoribbons placed on top of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) strip waveguides for light polarization control in silicon photonic-integrated waveguides. We found that two factors mainly affected the polarization control: the graphene chemical potential and the geometrical parameters of the waveguide, such as the waveguide and nanoribbon widths and distance. We show that the graphene chemical potential influences both TE and TM polarizations almost in the same way, while the waveguide width tapering enables both TE-pass and TM-pass polarizing functionalities. Overall, by increasing the oxide spacer thickness between the silicon waveguide and the top graphene layer, the device insertion losses can be reduced, while preserving a high polarization extinction ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cammarata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università di Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ali Emre Kaplan
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Samuele Cornia
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Thu Ha Dao
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Cosimo Lacava
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Demontis
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Iadanza
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological University, Tyndall National Institute, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Valerio Vitali
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Optoelectronics Research Center (ORC), University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Fabio De Matteis
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Pedreschi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Magazzù
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Toncelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Spinella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sergio Saponara
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università di Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Gunnella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Salamon
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Li Y, Zeng L, Zhang H, Zhang D, Xia K, Zhang L. Multifunctional and tunable metastructure based on VO 2 for polarization conversion and absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34586-34600. [PMID: 36242468 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of tunable and multifunctional metastructures (MSs) is currently a trend in the terahertz (THz) field. Based on the characteristic that thermal excitation can cause the phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2), a MS that concentrates both cross-polarization conversion and absorption functions is proposed in this paper, and switching two functions can be achieved by controlling the temperature. At high temperatures (68°C), the proposed MS exhibits a narrow-band absorption function in the range of 0.67 THz-0.95 THz. When the temperature drops below 68°C, VO2 is in the insulated state, and the structure can be considered as a polarization converter. Simulation results indicate that the broadband cross-polarization conversion can be realized in 0.69 THz-1.38 THz with a polarization conversion ratio above 90% and a relative bandwidth of 66.7%. This paper analyzes the amplitude, phase, and surface current distributions under the polarization conversion function, as well as the impedance, power loss distributions, and equivalent circuits under the absorption function. In addition, the angular stability and the influences of the structural parameters on performance are also discussed. The proposed MS is suitable for complex applications due to its tunability and dual functionality.
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Preliminary In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Antitumoral Activity Evaluation of Graphene Flake and Aqueous Graphene Paste. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020242. [PMID: 35207529 PMCID: PMC8878666 DOI: 10.3390/life12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the in vitro cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of graphene flake (GF) and aqueous graphene paste (AGP) in order to evaluate their potential for application as biomaterials. Furthermore, their antitumor activity against adherent and suspended cells, namely, human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231), and human monocytes from histiocytic lymphoma (U-937), was investigated. The results demonstrated that GF reduced the viability and proliferation of NIH3T3 immortalized murine fibroblasts for concentrations >0.8 µg/mL and incubation times of 48 and 72 h. AGP showed no toxic effects in any of the tested concentrations and incubation times. The same results were obtained for MDA-MB-231 cells. The viability of the U-937 cells was not affected by either GF or AGP. The Ames test showed that GF and AGP were not genotoxic against Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, with and without metabolic activation. The present study demonstrated good in vitro cellular compatibility of GF and AGP and. Among these, AGP was the best material as it did not interfere, at any of the tested concentrations, with cell viability and proliferation for up to 72 h of incubation. In any case, neither material induced alterations to cell morphology and were not mutagenic.
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10
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Kwon YB, Cho SY, Jang H, Kim JH, Kim YK. Lateral Size Effect of Graphene Oxide on Its Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Property. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14205-14213. [PMID: 34806387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lateral size effect of graphene oxide (GO) on surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property is systematically investigated by using size-fractionalized GO. For the size fractionalization without changes of chemical structure, large-sized GO (LGO) and small-sized GO (SGO) are separated from the as-synthesized GO (AGO) by centrifugation and membrane filtration, respectively. The size-fractionalized GO sheets are immobilized on a solid substrate for the parallel comparison of their SERS property. As a result, we find that LGO shows considerably higher SERS property than SGO for typical Raman probes such as rhodamine 6G and crystal violet. Furthermore, the lateral size effect of GO derivatives is consistently observed when they are hybridized with plasmonic silver nanoparticles. These results indicate that LGO is superior to AGO and SGO as a SERS platform, and it is also quantitatively confirmed by calculating their enhancement factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Se Youn Cho
- Carbon Composite Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, South Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
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11
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Han X, Zhang Y, Tian J, Wu T, Li Z, Xing F, Fu S. Polymer‐based microfluidic devices: A comprehensive review on preparation and applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Jingkun Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Tiange Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Zongwen Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Shenggui Fu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
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12
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Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102559. [PMID: 34684998 PMCID: PMC8540750 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a polarization-independent optoelectronic modulator based on the electrical absorption effect of graphene. Firstly, we use the simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to design the structure, and find via changing the applied voltage on both ends of the graphene that the equivalent refractive index of graphene can be changed, thus changing the light absorption capacity of the modulator. The waveguides in the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes have almost the same extinction coefficient by making a double-layer graphene ridge structure in the center of the silicon-based waveguide, which can achieve approaching modulation depth in the TM and TE modes. At 1550 nm wavelength, the two-dimensional cross-section of the structure is analyzed by the FEM method using COMSOL Multiphysics to obtain the effective refractive index of the structure. The simulation results show that when the distance between the double-layer graphene isolation layer is d = 20 nm, the TE and TM modes can achieve extinction ratios up to 110 dB over the wide communication band by selecting appropriate “ON” and “OFF” switching points. The bandwidth is 173.78 GHz and the insertion loss is only 0.0338 dB.
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Heidari M. Utilizing thermally induced selective mode shaping for a high extinction ratio in-line fiber modulator/polarizer. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4574-4577. [PMID: 34525050 DOI: 10.1364/ol.438635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light-matter interactions of guided modes strongly depend on mode shape. This Letter presents an ultrahigh extinction ratio (ER) polarizer/modulator at λ=1.55µm, enabled by selective mode reshaping for different orthogonal modes. This bi-function device benefits from a designed side-polished fiber (SPF) with a three-layer stack of graphene/VO2/PMMA overlay. Thermally induced insulator-metal transition (IMT) in VO2 via a graphene microheater leads to the polarization-selective mode shaping (PSMS), which is used to manipulate orthogonal modes separately. As a result, a TE modulator (TM-pass polarizer) with an ultrahigh ER=168.4dB/mm (175.1 dB/mm) and low insertion loss (IL) of IL=3.38dB/mm (0.34 dB/mm) is achieved.
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Prayitno TB. Electric-field-induced spin spiral state in bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbons. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:065805. [PMID: 33108772 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abc4f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the emergence of spin spiral ground state induced by the electric field in the bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbons for the ferromagnetic edge states. To do that, we employed the generalized Bloch theorem to create flat spiral alignments for all the magnetic moments of carbon atoms at the edges within a constraint scheme approach. While the small ribbon width can preserve the ferromagnetic ground state, the large one shows the spiral ground state starting from a certain value of the electric field. We also pointed out that the spiral ground state is caused by the reduction of spin stiffness. In this case, the energy scale exhibits a subtle nature that can only be considered at the low temperature. For the last discussion, we also revealed that the spin spiral ground state appears more rapidly when the thickness increases. Therefore, we justify that the large ribbon width and large thickness can generate many spiral states induced by the electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teguh Budi Prayitno
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Kampus A Jl Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur 13220, Indonesia
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Papi M. Graphene-Based Materials: Biological and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020672. [PMID: 33445419 PMCID: PMC7826772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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