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Mustaffa SN, Md Yatim N, Abdul Rashid AR, Md Yatim N, Pithaih V, Sha'ari NS, Muhammad AR, Abdul Rahman A, Jamil NA, Menon PS. Visible and angular interrogation of Kretschmann-based SPR using hybrid Au-ZnO optical sensor for hyperuricemia detection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22926. [PMID: 38125452 PMCID: PMC10731088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is a waste product of the human body where high levels of it or hyperuricemia can lead to gout, kidney disease and other health issues. In this paper, Finite Difference Time Doman (FDTD) simulation method was used to develop a plasmonic optical sensor to detect uric acid with molarity ranging from 0 to 3.0 mM. A hybrid layer of gold-zinc oxide (Au-ZnO) was used in this Kretschmann-based Surface Plasmon Resonance (K-SPR) technique with angular interrogation at 670 nm and 785 nm visible optical wavelengths. The purpose of this study is to observe the ability of the hybrid material as a sensing performance enhancer for differentiating between healthy and unhealthy uric acid levels based on the refractive index values from previous study. Upon exposure to 670 nm wavelength, the average sensitivity of this sensor was found to be 0.028°/mM with a linearity of 98.67 % and Q-factor value of 0.0053 mM - 1 . While at 785 nm, the average sensitivity is equal to 0.0193°/mM with slightly lower linearity at 94.46 % and Q-factor value of 0.0076 mM - 1 . The results have proven the ability of hybrid material Au-ZnO as a sensing performance enhancer for detecting uric acid when compared with bare Au and can be further explored in experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nasuha Mustaffa
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadhrah Md Yatim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baharu Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baharu Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nadrah Md Yatim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baharu Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Vatsala Pithaih
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahirah Sha'ari
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baharu Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azaham Abdul Rahman
- Kulim Hi-Tech Pte Ltd, No.1, Jalan Bukit Hijau 26/24, Section 26, 40400, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmar Jamil
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P. Susthitha Menon
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ardiana M, Suryawan IGR, Hermawan HO, Harsoyo PM, Sufiyah IM, Muhammad AR, Zaini BSI. Perindopril and losartan attenuate pro-coagulation factors in human adipocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 74. [PMID: 37661180 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2023.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic events are highly prevalent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in patients presenting with risk factors of adverse outcomes such as obesity. Recently, the associations between the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway and thrombosis have been reported. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used cardiovascular pharmacologic agents that upregulate ACE2 levels. An observation of the alterations in pro-coagulation factors after exposure to ACEIs and ARBs may provide valuable insight into the thrombosis mechanism and how it may relate to ACE2. This study use adipose tissue harvested from an obese male donor was isolated and exposed to perindopril, losartan, and ACE2 recombinant as binding assay, following exposure with 10 nm of SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein. After 48 hours, tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as pro-coagulation factors as well as ACE2 levels and binding evaluated. The results shows TF level was significantly reduced in Perindopril group compared to control (4.834; p=0.005), while a non-significant reduction was observed in Losartan group (5.624; p=0.111). However, Losartan group showed a better reduction of PAI-1 levels (2.633; p≤0.001) than Perindopril group (3.484; p=0.001). These findings were consistent with the observations in ACE2 recombinant group, suggesting that both drugs lowered the bindings of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. This study indicated that both perindopril and losartan may attenuate pro-coagulation factors in human adipocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, and therefore showcased a potential role of ACE2 in the mechanism of COVID-19-related thrombosis. Further investigation in non-COVID-19 populations should commence and may be of value to expanding this potential in general cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ardiana
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I G R Suryawan
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - H O Hermawan
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - P M Harsoyo
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I M Sufiyah
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - A R Muhammad
- Medical Faculty of Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - B S I Zaini
- Medical Faculty of Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Haris H, Jin TS, Batumalay M, Muhammad AR, Sampe J, Markom AM, Zain HA, Harun SW, Hasnan MMIM, Saad I. Single and Bunch Soliton Generation in Optical Fiber Lasers Using Bismuth Selenide Topological Insulator Saturable Absorber. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13091538. [PMID: 37177083 PMCID: PMC10180442 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the generation of two distinct types of soliton pulses using a Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3) saturable absorber (SA) synthesized in our laboratory. The soliton pulses were generated in two different laser cavity configurations, resulting in two types of solitons: a soliton pulse with Kelly sidebands and a bunched soliton pulse with peak-dip sidebands. Both solitons operated at the fundamental repetition rate-23.3 MHz (for the soliton with Kelly sidebands) and 13 MHz (for the bunched soliton with peak-dip sidebands). We observed that the accumulation of nonlinear phase shift from the added single mode fiber (SMF) split the single soliton pulse into 44 pulses in a bunched oscillation envelope. At the same time, peak-dip sidebands were imposed on the bunched soliton spectrum due to constructive and destructive interferences between soliton pulse and dispersive waves. The measured pulse width for both solitons were 0.63 ps (for the soliton with Kelly sidebands) and 1.52 ps (for the bunched soliton with peak-dip sidebands), respectively. Our results demonstrate the potential of Bi2Se3 SAs in generating different types of soliton pulses, which could have potential applications in various areas of optical communication and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazlihan Haris
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Tan Sin Jin
- School of Engineering, KDU University College, UOW Malaysia, Shah Alam 40150, Selangor, Malaysia
- KDU University College, UOW Malaysia, George Town 10400, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Malathy Batumalay
- Faculty of Data Science & IT, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jahariah Sampe
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arni Munira Markom
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huda Adnan Zain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Ismail Saad
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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Adnan Zain H, Batumalay M, Haris H, Saad I, Muhammad AR, Mustaffa SN, Markom AM, Abdul Rahim HR, Tan SJ, Harun SW. Review of Microbottle Resonators for Sensing Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:734. [PMID: 37420967 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbottle resonators (MBR) are bottle-like structures fabricated by varying the radius of an optical fiber. MBRs can support whispering gallery modes (WGM) by the total internal reflection of the light coupled into the MBRs. MBRs have a significant advantage in sensing and other advanced optical applications due to their light confinement abilities in a relatively small mode volume and having high Q factors. This review starts with an introduction to MBRs' optical properties, coupling methods, and sensing mechanisms. The sensing principle and sensing parameters of MBRs are discussed here as well. Then, practical MBRs fabrication methods and sensing applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Adnan Zain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Malathy Batumalay
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Hazlihan Haris
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Saad
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nasuha Mustaffa
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arni Munira Markom
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazli Rafis Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Sin Jin Tan
- School of Engineering, UOW Malaysia KDU University College, Shah Alam 40150, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Markom AM, Ghafar NAMA, Batumalay M, Yusof Y, Rosol AHA, Zulkipli NF, Muhammad AR, Haris H, Saad I, Harun SW. Dissipative Soliton Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Nb 2AlC Nanomaterial Saturable Absorber. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:810. [PMID: 36903689 PMCID: PMC10005740 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of an erbium-doped fiber-based saturable absorber (SA) of niobium aluminium carbide (Nb2AlC) nanomaterial that can generate a dissipative soliton mode-locked pulse. Stable mode-locked pulses operating at 1530 nm with repetition rates of 1 MHz and pulse widths of 6.375 ps were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the Nb2AlC nanomaterial. A peak pulse energy of 7.43 nJ was measured at 175.87 mW pump power. In addition to providing some useful design suggestions for manufacturing SAs based on MAX phase materials, this work shows the MAX phase materials' immense potential for making ultra-short laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arni Munira Markom
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Malathy Batumalay
- Faculty of Data Science and IT, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusrina Yusof
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Haziq Aiman Rosol
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farhanah Zulkipli
- Department of Engineering and Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC) Penang Branch Campus, Tanjong Bungah 11200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazlihan Haris
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Saad
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
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Jafry AAA, Rosol AHA, Kasim N, Muhammad AR, Rulaningtyas R, Yasin M, Harun SW. Soliton mode-locked pulse generation with a bulk structured MXene Ti 3AlC 2 deposited onto a D-shaped fiber. Appl Opt 2020; 59:8759-8767. [PMID: 33104559 DOI: 10.1364/ao.403122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a bulk structured MXene, Ti3AlC2 deposited onto D-shaped fiber for soliton generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity. Our saturable absorber (SA) device, based on MAX phase, was prepared by using stirring and ultrasonic vibration, which offer easier sample preparation compared with its 2D counterparts. By means of the polishing wheel technique, we fabricated a D-shaped fiber with a controlled polishing depth and incorporated the MAX phase Ti3AlC2 solution onto its polishing region. We obtained a mode-locked soliton pulse with the proposed MAX phase D-shaped (MAX-DS) SA in EDFL cavity. The pulse width, repetition rate, and central wavelength of the pulse train are 2.21 ps, 1.89 MHz, and 1557.63 nm, respectively. The polarization-insensitive EDFL cavity initiated a soliton operation with superior stability as the pump power tuned from 21 to 131 mW; further, the ML laser exhibits an average power of 15.3 mW, peak power of 3.8 kW, and pump efficiency of 12.5%. The MAX-DS SA incorporated inside the EDFL reveals efficient output performance, with a pulse energy of 8.14 nJ, the highest ever reported, to our best knowledge, among D-shaped fiber-based SA.
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Jafry AAA, Kasim N, Muhammad AR, Rosol AHA, Yusoff RAM, Mahyuddin MBH, Zulkipli NF, Samsamnun FSM, Harun SW. Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on evanescent field interaction with lutetium oxide. Appl Opt 2019; 58:9670-9676. [PMID: 31873567 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated lutetium oxide (${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3) deposited onto D-shaped fiber producing Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) with an operating wavelength of 1037 nm. D-shaped fiber ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 as a saturable absorber (SA) was prepared using a polishing-wheel technique by polishing 2 times to establish an excellent evanescent field interaction between material and light on the surface of the polished region. The SA was deployed into a YDFL to generate Q-switching. The proposed D-shaped fiber ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 initiated pulses as short as 3.6 µs, with the highest repetition rate of 65.8 kHz. Stability of the SA is proven, as it produced stable pulses within the pump power of 99 to 133 mW with an SNR of 62.13 dB. Q-switched YDFL generates pulses with an output power of 0.93 to 1.99 mW and pulse energy of 17 to 30 nJ. We obtained a laser cavity with the optical-to-optical efficiency of 3.33%, which was the highest among D-shaped fiber-deposited SA materials in YDFL. Therefore, ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 deposited onto D-shaped fiber can be deployed as an SA in YDFL for a portable Q-switched laser source.
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Emami SD, Zarifi A, Rashid HAA, Muhammad AR, Paul MC, Halder A, Bhadra SK, Ahmad H, Harun SW. Gain-shift induced by dopant concentration ratio in a Thulium-Bismuth doped fiber amplifier. Opt Express 2014; 22:7075-7086. [PMID: 24664056 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.007075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper details the effect of Thulium and Bismuth concentration ratio on gain-shift at 1800 nm and 1400 nm band in a Thulium-Bismuth Doped Fiber Amplifier (TBDFA). The effect of Thulium and Bismuth's concentration ratio on gain shifting is experimentally established and subsequently numerically modeled. The analysis is carried out via the cross relaxation and energy transfer processes between the two dopants. The energy transfer in this process was studied through experimental and numerical analysis of three samples with different Tm/Bi concentration ratio of 2, 0.5 and 0.2, respectively. The optimized length for the three samples (TBDFA-1, TBDFA-2 and TBDFA-3) was determined and set at 6.5, 4 and 5.5 m, respectively. In addition, the experimental result of Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier (TDFA) was compared with the earlier TBDFA samples. The gain for TBDFA-1, with the highest Tm/Bi ratio, showed no shift at the 1800 nm region, while TBDFA-2 and TBDFA-3, possessing a lower Tm/Bi concentration ratio, shifted to the region of 1950 and 1960 nm, respectively. The gain shifting from 1460 nm to 1490 nm is also observed. The numerical model demonstrates that the common 3F4 layer for 1460 nm emission (3H4→3F4), and 1800 nm emission (3F4→3H6)inversely affects the 1460 nm and 1800 nm gain shifting.
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