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Chen Y, Cheak TZ, Jin TS, Vinitha G, Dimyati K, Harun SW. Domain-wall dark pulse generation with SMF-GIMF-SMF structure as artificial saturable absorber. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2141. [PMID: 38273021 PMCID: PMC10811242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated the generation of domain-wall dark pulse in an Erbium-doped fiber laser using the combination of a 10 cm graded index multimode fiber sandwiched by single mode fibers as artificial saturable absorber. The interaction of phase difference in grade index multimode fiber allowed the stable dual-wavelength oscillation in the cavity. The dual-wavelength centered at 1567.2 nm and 1569.4 nm produces the topological defect in temporal domain and achieved a dark pulse formation with repetition rate of 21.5 MHz. The highest average pulse energy is calculated as 769.6 pJ with pulse width of 5 ns. Throughout the operating pump power range, the average pulse energy and output power increase linearly, with R2 of 0.9999 and achieved the laser efficiency of 9.33%. From the measurement in frequency domain, the signal-to-noise ratio is measured as 49 dB. As compared to reported DW dark pulse works, the proposed structure only required a short length of multimode fiber, which allowed the domain-wall dark pulse to achieve higher pulse repetition rate. The venture of domain wall dark pulse is potentially to pave the foundation toward sustainable industrial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, No. 1, North and South Avenue, Binjiang New City, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China
- Photonics Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tiu Zian Cheak
- Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600127, India.
| | - Tan Sin Jin
- Faculty of Engineering, UOW Malaysia KDU University College, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - G Vinitha
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600127, India
| | - Kaharudin Dimyati
- Photonics Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Photonics Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Haris H, Jin TS, Batumalay M, Muhammad AR, Sampe J, Markom AM, Zain HA, Harun SW, Hasnan MMIM, Saad I. Single and Bunch Soliton Generation in Optical Fiber Lasers Using Bismuth Selenide Topological Insulator Saturable Absorber. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13091538. [PMID: 37177083 PMCID: PMC10180442 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the generation of two distinct types of soliton pulses using a Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3) saturable absorber (SA) synthesized in our laboratory. The soliton pulses were generated in two different laser cavity configurations, resulting in two types of solitons: a soliton pulse with Kelly sidebands and a bunched soliton pulse with peak-dip sidebands. Both solitons operated at the fundamental repetition rate-23.3 MHz (for the soliton with Kelly sidebands) and 13 MHz (for the bunched soliton with peak-dip sidebands). We observed that the accumulation of nonlinear phase shift from the added single mode fiber (SMF) split the single soliton pulse into 44 pulses in a bunched oscillation envelope. At the same time, peak-dip sidebands were imposed on the bunched soliton spectrum due to constructive and destructive interferences between soliton pulse and dispersive waves. The measured pulse width for both solitons were 0.63 ps (for the soliton with Kelly sidebands) and 1.52 ps (for the bunched soliton with peak-dip sidebands), respectively. Our results demonstrate the potential of Bi2Se3 SAs in generating different types of soliton pulses, which could have potential applications in various areas of optical communication and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazlihan Haris
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Tan Sin Jin
- School of Engineering, KDU University College, UOW Malaysia, Shah Alam 40150, Selangor, Malaysia
- KDU University College, UOW Malaysia, George Town 10400, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Malathy Batumalay
- Faculty of Data Science & IT, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jahariah Sampe
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arni Munira Markom
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huda Adnan Zain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Ismail Saad
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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Abstract
Adrenal lymphangiectatic cyst is a very rare pathological and clinical disease entity, and its clinical silence and lack of characteristic symptoms and signs makes it difficult to diagnose preoperatively. We experienced a case of adrenal lymphangiectatic cyst, accompanied by severe refractory hypertension, which was corrected by surgical removal of the cyst. We report it with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dea Rim Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma(BAC) is the most common histological type of lung cancer arising in an area of scar tissue, and it is frequently superimposed in the fibrotic lung of progressive systemic sclerosis(PSS). The so called scar cancer is believed to be caused by the transformation of hyperplastic epithelium to metaplasia and finally to neoplasia under the conditions of chronic inflammation with some unknown etiological factors. The authors report a case of BAC in a woman with the typical picture of PSS.
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