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Gu D, Cao T, Yi S, Li X, Liu Y. Transcription suppression of GABARAP mediated by lncRNA XIST-EZH2 interaction triggers caspase-11-dependent inflammatory injury in ulcerative colitis. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152796. [PMID: 38484431 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously found that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is correlated with inflammatory infiltration and mucosal cell injury in ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to analyze the role of X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), a possible interactive long non-coding RNA of EZH2, in UC and to explore the mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and mouse colonic mucosal epithelial cells were treated with DSS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for UC modeling. The UC-related symptoms in mice, and the viability and apoptosis of mucosal epithelial cells were determined. Inflammatory injury in animal and cellular models were assessed through the levels of ACS, occludin, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, caspase-1, and caspase-11. Molecular interactions between XIST, EZH2, and GABA type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) were verified by immunoprecipitation assays, and their functions in inflammatory injury were determined by gain- or loss-of-function assays. RESULTS XIST was highly expressed in DSS-treated mice and in DSS + LPS-treated mucosal epithelial cells. It recruited EZH2, which mediated gene silencing of GABARAP through H3K27me3 modification. Silencing of XIST alleviated body weight loss, colon shortening, and disease active index of mice and reduced inflammatory injuries in their colon tissues. Meanwhile, it reduced apoptosis and inflammation in mucosal epithelial cells. However, these alleviating effects were blocked by either EZH2 overexpression or GABARAP knockdown. Rescue experiments identified caspase-11 as a key effector mediating the inflammatory injury following GABARAP loss. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the XIST-EZH2 interaction-mediated GABARAP inhibition activates caspase-11-dependent inflammatory injury in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shijie Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
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Nascimento RR, Aquino CC, Sousa JK, Gadelha KL, Cajado AG, Schiebel CS, Dooley SA, Sousa PA, Rocha JA, Medeiros JR, Magalhães PC, Maria-Ferreira D, Gois MB, C P Lima-Junior R, V T Wong D, Lima AM, Engevik AC, Nicolau LD, Vale ML. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein triggers gut impairment since mucosal barrier to innermost layers: From basic science to clinical relevance. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00029-1. [PMID: 38555027 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Studies have reported the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, primarily diarrhea, in COVID-19. However, the pathobiology regarding COVID-19 in the GI tract remains limited. This work aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein interaction with gut lumen in different experimental approaches. Here, we present a novel experimental model with the inoculation of viral protein in the murine jejunal lumen, in vitro approach with human enterocytes, and molecular docking analysis. Spike protein led to increased intestinal fluid accompanied by Cl- secretion, followed by intestinal edema, leukocyte infiltration, reduced glutathione levels, and increased cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-10], indicating inflammation. Additionally, the viral epitope caused disruption in the mucosal histoarchitecture with impairment in Paneth and goblet cells, including decreased lysozyme and mucin, respectively. Upregulation of toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4 gene expression suggested potential activation of local innate immunity. Moreover, this experimental model exhibited reduced contractile responses in jejunal smooth muscle. In barrier function, there was a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and alterations in the expression of tight junction proteins in the murine jejunal epithelium. Additionally, paracellular intestinal permeability increased in human enterocytes. Finally, in silico data revealed that the Spike protein interacts with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium-activated chloride conductance (CaCC), inferring its role in the secretory effect. Taken together, all the events observed point to gut impairment, affecting the mucosal barrier to the innermost layers, establishing a successful experimental model for studying COVID-19 in the GI context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata R Nascimento
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cristhyane C Aquino
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José K Sousa
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kalinne L Gadelha
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Aurilene G Cajado
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Schiebel
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sarah A Dooley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Paulo A Sousa
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Lab of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jefferson A Rocha
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Lab of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jand R Medeiros
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Lab of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Pedro C Magalhães
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Gois
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, Brazil
| | - Roberto C P Lima-Junior
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Deysi V T Wong
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Aldo M Lima
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lucas D Nicolau
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Lab of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Mariana L Vale
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Kosmerl E, Miller C, Jiménez-Flores R. Preventative Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Ingredients on DSS-Induced Mucosal Injury in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:954. [PMID: 38612988 PMCID: PMC11013169 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The goblet cells of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) produce glycoproteins called mucins that form a protective barrier from digestive contents and external stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its milk phospholipid component (MPL) can benefit the GIT through improving barrier function. Our objective was to compare the effects of two digested MFGM ingredients with or without dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced barrier stress on mucin proteins. Co-cultured Caco-2/HT29-MTX intestinal cells were treated with in vitro digests of 2%, 5%, and 10% (w/v) MFGM or MPL alone for 6 h or followed by challenge with 2.5% DSS (6 h). Transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (FD4) permeability measurements were used to measure changes in barrier integrity. Mucin characterization was performed using a combination of slot blotting techniques for secreted (MUC5AC, MUC2) and transmembrane (MUC3A, MUC1) mucins, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and periodic acid Schiff (PAS)/Alcian blue staining. Digested MFGM and MPL prevented a DSS-induced reduction in secreted mucins, which corresponded to the prevention of DSS-induced increases in FD4 permeability. SEM and PAS/Alcian blue staining showed similar visual trends for secreted mucin production. A predictive bioinformatic approach was also used to identify potential KEGG pathways involved in MFGM-mediated mucosal maintenance under colitis conditions. This preliminary in silico evidence, combined with our in vitro findings, suggests the role of MFGM in inducing repair and maintenance of the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.K.); (C.M.)
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Kurochkina L, Pozdyshev D, Kusaykin M, Barinova K, Ermakova S, Semenyuk P. Sulfated polysaccharides accelerate gliadin digestion and reduce its toxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149439. [PMID: 38160531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease and other types of gluten intolerance significantly affect the life quality of patients making them restrict the diet removing all food produced from wheat, rye, oat, and barley flour, and some other products. These disorders arise from protease resistance of poorly soluble proteins prolamins, contained in gluten. Enhanced proteolytic digestion of gliadins might be considered as a prospective approach for the treatment of celiac disease and other types of gluten intolerance. Herein, we tested a range of sulfated polymers (kappa-carrageenan, dextran sulfate and different polysaccharides from brown seaweeds, and a synthetic polystyrene sulfonate) for the ability to activate gliadin digestion by human digestive proteases, pepsin and trypsin. Sulfated polysaccharide from Fucus evanescens enhanced proteolytic digestion of gliadins from wheat flour and reduced its cytotoxicity on intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell culture. Regarding the non-toxic nature of fucoidans, the results provide a basis for polymer-based drugs or additives for the symptomatic treatment of gluten intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Kurochkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Pozdyshev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kusaykin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ksenia Barinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Pavel Semenyuk
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Kim H, Jeong EJ, Hwang B, Lee HD, Lee S, Jang M, Yeo K, Shin Y, Park S, Lim WT, Kim WJ, Moon SK. Pharmacological effects of biologically synthesized ginsenoside CK-rich preparation (AceCK40) on the colitis symptoms in DSS-induced Caco-2 cells and C57BL mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155301. [PMID: 38181531 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the notable pharmacological potential of natural ginsenosides, their industrial application is hindered by low oral bioavailability. Recent research centers on the production of less-glycosylated minor ginsenosides. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effect of a biologically synthesized ginsenoside CK-rich minor ginsenoside complex (AceCK40), on ameliorating colitis using DSS-induced colitis models in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The ginsenoside composition of AceCK40 was determined by HPLC-ELSD and UHPLC-MS/MS analyses. In vitro colitis model was established using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced Caco-2 intestinal epithelial model. For in vivo experiments, DSS-induced severe colitis mouse model was established. RESULTS In DSS-stimulated Caco-2 cells, AceCK40 downregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation (p < 0.05), inhibited monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production (p < 0.05), and enhanced MUC2 expression (p < 0.05), mediated via signaling pathway regulation. Daily AceCK40 administration at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg/day was well tolerated by DSS-induced severe colitis mice. These doses led to significant alleviation of disease activity index score (> 36.0% decrease, p < 0.05), increased luminal immunoglobulin (Ig)G (> 37.6% increase, p < 0.001) and IgA (> 33.8% increase, p < 0.001), lowered interleukin (IL)-6 (> 65.7% decrease, p < 0.01) and MCP-1 (> 116.2% decrease, p < 0.05), as well as elevated serum IgA (> 51.4% increase, p < 0.001) and lowered serum IL-6 (112.3% decrease at 30 mg/kg, p < 0.001). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining revealed that DSS-mediated thickening of the muscular externa, extensive submucosal edema, crypt distortion, and decreased mucin droplets were significantly alleviated by AceCK40 administration. Additionally, daily administration of AceCK40 led to significant recovery of colonic tight junctions damaged by DSS through the elevation in the expression of adhesion molecules, including occludin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. CONCLUSION This study presents the initial evidence elucidating the anti-colitis effects of AceCK40 and its underlying mechanism of action through sequential in vitro and in vivo systems employing DSS stimulation. Our findings provide valuable fundamental data for the utilization of AceCK40 in the development of novel anti-colitis candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Byungdoo Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Hak-Dong Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kwangeun Yeo
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yunjeong Shin
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Park
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Wan Taek Lim
- Research Institute, AceEMzyme, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea.
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Di Petrillo A, Kumar A, Onali S, Favale A, Fantini MC. GPR120/FFAR4: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1981-1989. [PMID: 37542525 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, whose major forms are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gut due to the loss of tolerance toward antigens normally contained in the gut lumen. G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 120 has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders due to its implication in the production of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 and the secretion of cholecystokinin. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of GPR120 in regulating immune system activity and inflammation. GPR120, expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, proinflammatory macrophages, enteroendocrine L cells, and CD4+ T cells, suppresses proinflammatory and enhances anti-inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting that GPR120 might have a pivotal role in intestinal inflammation and represent a possible therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease. This narrative review aims at summarizing the role of GPR120 in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis through the analysis of the most recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Di Petrillo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Onali
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Agnese Favale
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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7
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Hu XL, Xiao W, Lei Y, Green A, Lee X, Maradana MR, Gao Y, Xie X, Wang R, Chennell G, Basson MA, Kille P, Maret W, Bewick GA, Zhou Y, Hogstrand C. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor utilises cellular zinc signals to maintain the gut epithelial barrier. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5431. [PMID: 37669965 PMCID: PMC10480478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc and plant-derived ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are dietary components affecting intestinal epithelial barrier function. Here, we explore whether zinc and the AHR pathway are linked. We show that dietary supplementation with an AHR pre-ligand offers protection against inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model while protection fails in mice lacking AHR in the intestinal epithelium. AHR agonist treatment is also ineffective in mice fed zinc depleted diet. In human ileum organoids and Caco-2 cells, AHR activation increases total cellular zinc and cytosolic free Zn2+ concentrations through transcription of genes for zinc importers. Tight junction proteins are upregulated through zinc inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer and calpain activity. Our data show that AHR activation by plant-derived dietary ligands improves gut barrier function at least partly via zinc-dependent cellular pathways, suggesting that combined dietary supplementation with AHR ligands and zinc might be effective in preventing inflammatory gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchuan Lucas Hu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxian Lei
- Department of Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xinyi Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yajing Gao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - George Chennell
- Clinical Neuroscience Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Pete Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Department of Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Astorga J, Gasaly N, Dubois-Camacho K, De la Fuente M, Landskron G, Faber KN, Urra FA, Hermoso MA. The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028953. [PMID: 36466902 PMCID: PMC9716353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by a loss of intestinal barrier function caused by an aberrant interaction between the immune response and the gut microbiota. In IBD, imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics have been identified as essential events for activating the inflammasome-mediated response. Mitochondrial alterations, such as reduced respiratory complex activities and reduced production of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (e.g., citric acid, fumarate, isocitric acid, malate, pyruvate, and succinate) have been described in in vitro and clinical studies. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial architecture in intestinal epithelial cells is dysmorphic, with cristae destruction and high dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-dependent fission. Likewise, these alterations in mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics promote metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and down-regulation of antioxidant Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling. Although the mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial dysfunction during mucosal inflammation are not fully understood at present, metabolic intermediates and cholesterol may act as signals activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in IBD. Notably, dietary phytochemicals exhibit protective effects against cholesterol imbalance and mitochondrial function alterations to maintain gastrointestinal mucosal renewal in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here, we discuss the role of cholesterol and mitochondrial metabolism in IBD, highlighting the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals, restoring intestinal metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Astorga
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karen Dubois-Camacho
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Glauben Landskron
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Félix A. Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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El-Harakeh M, Saliba J, Sharaf Aldeen K, Haidar M, El Hajjar L, Awad MK, Hashash JG, Shirinian M, El-Sabban M. Expression of the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation-2 and connexin 43 in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5845-5864. [PMID: 36353202 PMCID: PMC9639657 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i40.5845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) constitutes a substantial risk factor for colorectal cancer. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a protein that forms gap junction (GJ) complexes involved in intercellular communication, and its expression is altered under pathological conditions, such as IBD and cancer. Recent studies have implicated epigenetic processes modulating DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory and malignant diseases. The ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET-2) enzyme catalyzes the demethylation, hence, regulating the activity of various cancer-promoting and tumor-suppressor genes.
AIM To investigate Cx43 and TET-2 expression levels and presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) marks under inflammatory conditions both in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS TET-2 expression was evaluated in parental HT-29 cells and in HT-29 cells expressing low or high levels of Cx43, a putative tumor-suppressor gene whose expression varies in IBD and colorectal cancer, and which has been implicated in the inflammatory process and in tumor onset. The dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model was reproduced in BALB/c mice to evaluate the expression of TET-2 and Cx43 under inflammatory conditions in vivo. In addition, archived colon tissue sections from normal, IBD (ulcerative colitis), and sporadic colon adenocarcinoma patients were obtained and evaluated for the expression of TET-2 and Cx43. Expression levels were reported at the transcriptional level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and at the translational level by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.
RESULTS Under inflammatory conditions, Cx43 and TET-2 expression levels increased compared to non-inflammatory conditions. TET-2 upregulation was more pronounced in Cx43-deficient cells. Moreover, colon tissue sections from normal, ulcerative colitis, and sporadic colon adenocarcinoma patients corroborated that Cx43 expression increased in IBD and decreased in adenocarcinoma, compared to tissues from non-IBD subjects. However, TET-2 expression and 5-hmC mark levels decreased in samples from patients with ulcerative colitis or cancer. Cx43 and TET-2 expression levels were also investigated in an experimental colitis mouse model. Interestingly, mice exposed to carbenoxolone (CBX), a GJ inhibitor, had upregulated TET-2 levels. Collectively, these results show that TET-2 levels and activity increased under inflammatory conditions, in cells downregulating gap junctional protein Cx43, and in colon tissues from mice exposed to CBX.
CONCLUSION These results suggest that TET-2 expression levels, as well as Cx43 expression levels, are modulated in models of intestinal inflammation. We hypothesize that TET-2 may demethylate genes involved in inflammation and tumorigenesis, such as Cx43, potentially contributing to intestinal inflammation and associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El-Harakeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
- UR GPF Laboratory of Biodiversity and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Science, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Jessica Saliba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Dekwaneh, Sin el Fil 1552, Lebanon
| | - Kawthar Sharaf Aldeen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - May Haidar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Layal El Hajjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Mireille Kallassy Awad
- UR GPF Laboratory of Biodiversity and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Science, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Jana G Hashash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
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Shabana S, Hamouda HI, Abdalla M, Sharaf M, Chi Z, Liu C. Multifunctional nanoparticles based on marine polysaccharides for apremilast delivery to inflammatory macrophages: Preparation, targeting ability, and uptake mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1709-1722. [PMID: 36179875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic drug encapsulation inside targeted nanoparticles can enhance accumulation in inflamed sites, limit toxicity to healthy tissue, and improve pharmacokinetics compared to free drug dosing. This study reports a functionalized marine polysaccharide nanoparticle with a controlled release, targeting abilities, and in-situ imaging properties. Carbon dots functionalized Enteromorpha polysaccharide/Mannose/Methionine functionalized Chitosan (CDs.EP/Man/Meth.Cs) NPs could deliver apremilast to inflammatory macrophages and Caco-2 intestinal cells as an in vitro model for application in oral drug delivery to cure IBD. The nanoparticles were simply a polyelectrolyte complex between cationic functionalized chitosan and anionic polysaccharide of Enteromorpha prolifera. Functionalized polysaccharides and the prepared NPs were well characterized. The functionalized nanoparticles could overcome the limitation of poor drug bioavailability and showed a high loading capacity of (45 %) with a controlled release of about (74.5 %). Confocal laser scanning imaging showed higher cellular uptake of the modified nanoparticles than that of the unmodified nanoparticles in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and Caco-2 cells. The effect of functionalization on the cellular uptake targetability was assessed using spectrofluorometric measurements after mannose competition. Anti-inflammatory activity of apremilast-loaded NPs is more elevated than the free drug. These results suggest the feasibility of using functionalized EP/Cs nanoparticles in IBD oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Shabana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, 11516, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- Processes Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
| | - Zhe Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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11
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Roselli M, Maruszak A, Grimaldi R, Harthoorn L, Finamore A. Galactooligosaccharide Treatment Alleviates DSS-Induced Colonic Inflammation in Caco-2 Cell Model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862974. [PMID: 35495925 PMCID: PMC9047546 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activities of dietary bioactive polysaccharides have been largely explored. Studies on the immunomodulating effects of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides have shown that they are able to modulate innate immunity. Prebiotics are a class of poorly digested carbohydrates that are mainly produced from dietary fibers, which are carbohydrate polymers with ten or more monomeric units as defined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in 2009. Considering the capacity of prebiotics in reducing gut inflammation, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of galactooligosaccharide (Bimuno® GOS) in an in vitro model of ulcerative colitis (UC)-like inflamed intestinal cells. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to 2 % dextran-sulfate-sodium salt (DSS) to induce inflammation, and then with different concentrations of Bimuno GOS (1–1,000 μg/ml). Cell monolayer permeability, tight- and adherent junction protein distribution, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and NF-kB cascade were assessed. Bimuno GOS at different concentrations, while not affecting cell monolayer permeability, was shown to counteract UC-like intestinal inflammatory responses and damages induced by DSS. Indeed, Bimuno GOS was able to counteract the detrimental effects of DSS on cell permeability, determined by transepithelial electrical resistance, phenol red apparent permeability, and tight- and adherent junction protein distribution. Furthermore, Bimuno GOS inhibited the DSS-induced NF-kB nuclear translocation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Further analyses showed that Bimuno GOS was able to revert the expression levels of most of the proteins involved in the NF-kB cascade to control levels. Thus, the prebiotic Bimuno GOS can be a safe and effective way to modulate the gut inflammatory state through NF-kB pathway modulation, and could possibly further improve efficacy in inducing remission of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Roselli
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Finamore
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alberto Finamore
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Proliferation and Differentiation of Intestinal Caco-2 Cells Are Maintained in Culture with Human Platelet Lysate Instead of Fetal Calf Serum. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113038. [PMID: 34831260 PMCID: PMC8622701 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are widely used as in vitro model systems and substitute for animal experiments. The frequently used Caco-2 cell line is considered to reflect characteristics of differentiated intestinal epithelium. However, the need to culture the cells with fetal calf serum (FCS) induces a high variability, risk of contamination and is ethically disputed. We tested the culture of Caco-2 cells with human platelet lysate (PL) instead of FCS. We compared cell viability and differentiation by measuring ATP levels, gene and protein expression of specific markers in total cell extracts, brush border membrane vesicles (BBM) and lipid rafts (LR). Cell viability was slightly enhanced in cells grown with PL compared to FCS. The cells differentiated to an intestinal phenotype like the cells cultured in FCS, as indicated by the similar gene expression levels of hexose and protein transport proteins and the structural protein VILLIN. BBM showed a comparable distribution of the intestinal hydrolases, indicating a maintained cell membrane polarity. The distribution of the marker protein FLOTILLIN-2 in LR was also similar. We conclude that PL is an exquisite and suitable replacement for FCS in the culture of Caco-2 cells that can eliminate many disadvantages incurred due to the use of FCS.
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13
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Kim MG, Lee GM. Blockage of undesirable endocytosis of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures requires heparin analogs with specific chain lengths. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100227. [PMID: 34347378 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-mediated endocytosis lowers the yield of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs), such as rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-4, from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures. Exogenous recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5), a member of the BMP family, bound to cell surface HSPGs and was actively internalized into CHO cells. Knockdown of heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis enzymes in CHO cells revealed that the chain length and N-sulfation of HS affected the binding of rhGDF-5 to HSPGs and subsequent rhGDF-5 internalization. To increase product yield by minimizing rhGDF-5 internalization in recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell cultures, heparin, and dextran sulfate (DS) of various polysaccharide chain lengths, which are structural analogs of HS, were examined for blockage of rhGDF-5 internalization. Heparin fragments of four monosaccharides (MW of 1.2 kDa) and DS (MW of 15 kDa) did not inhibit rhGDF-5 internalization whereas unfractionated heparin and DS of 200 kDa could significantly inhibit it. Compared to the control cultures, supplementation with unfractionated heparin or DS of 200 kDa at 1 g L-1 resulted in more than a 10-fold increase in the maximum rhGDF-5 concentration. Taken together, the supplementation of structural HS analogs improved rhGDF-5 production in rCHO cell cultures by inhibiting rhGDF-5 internalization. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT AND LAY SUMMARY: Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-mediated endocytosis lowers the yield of rhGDF-5 from CHO cell cultures. In this study, the authors found that the length and N-sulfation of HS chain determine the binding of rhGDF-5 to HSPGs and subsequent rhGDF-5 internalization. Based on this finding, the authors successfully used heparin analogs with specific chain lengths to enhance the rhGDF-5 yield by blocking rhGDF-5 internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang G, Hao R, Liu Y, Wang Y, Man S, Gao W. Tissue distribution, metabolism and absorption of Rhizoma Paridis Saponins in the rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:114038. [PMID: 33746004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paris polyphylla var yunnanensis as a traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the treatment of liver disease for thousands of years. Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) were the main active ingredients in Paris polyphylla with an excellent antitumor effect. However, metabolic and distribution of RPS has not been known. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to research metabolic and distribution of RPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the separation and simultaneous determination of RPS in rat plasma and tissues were developed and validated by LC-MS/MS. The permeability and recovery of RPS were tested by Caco-2. S9 assay suggested the metabolic mode of RPS in rats. RESULTS After oral administration of RPS, the metabolic compound like diosgenin was detected in different tissues although there was none in RPS. The concentration of PI, PII, PVI, PVII, PH and gracillin in the spleen was the highest among these organs. The content of diosgenin were the highest in lung and brain. Caco-2 test indicated that PI, PII, PVI and PVII were low permeability and low recovery. Efflux ratio indicated that PVI should be a potential P-gp substrate. Potential P-gp substrate may be PVI. S9 assay suggested that RPS possess slow metabolic and moderate metabolic compounds. CONCLUSIONS Integrated LC-MS/MS analysis of serum samples, together with Caco-2 and S9 assays provided a theoretical basis for the application of RPS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genbei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., No.2 Pujihe East Road, Tasly TCM Garden, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ruijia Hao
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., No.2 Pujihe East Road, Tasly TCM Garden, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., No.2 Pujihe East Road, Tasly TCM Garden, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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15
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Wanes D, Toutounji M, Sebai H, Rizk S, Naim HY. Rosa canina L. Can Restore Endoplasmic Reticulum Alterations, Protein Trafficking and Membrane Integrity in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020441. [PMID: 33572926 PMCID: PMC7911736 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosa canina L. is a natural polyphenol-rich medicinal plant that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Recent in vivo studies have demonstrated that a methanol extract of Rosa canina L. (RCME) has reversed an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like phenotype that has been triggered by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. In the current study, we investigated the effects of RCME on perturbations of cellular mechanisms induced by DSS-treatment of intestinal Caco-2 cells, including stress response in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), protein trafficking and sorting as well as lipid rafts integrity and functional capacities of an intestinal enzyme. 6 days post-confluent cells were treated for 24 h with DSS (3%) or simultaneously with DSS (3%) and RCME (100 µg/mL) or exclusively with RCME (100 µg/mL) or not treated. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of RCME to counteract the substantial increase in the expression levels of several ER stress markers in DSS-treated cells. Concomitantly, the delayed trafficking of intestinal membrane glycoproteins sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) induced by DSS between the ER and the Golgi has been compromised by RCME. Furthermore, RCME restored the partially impaired polarized sorting of SI and DPP4 to the brush border membrane. An efficient sorting mechanism of SI and DPP4 is tightly associated with intact lipid rafts structures in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), which have been distorted by DSS and normalized by RCME. Finally, the enzymatic activities of SI are enhanced in the presence of RCME. Altogether, DSS treatment has triggered ER stress, impaired trafficking and function of membrane glycoproteins and distorted lipid rafts, all of which can be compromised by RCME. These findings indicate that the antioxidants in RCME act at two major sites in Caco-2 cells, the ER and the TGN and are thus capable of maintaining the membrane integrity by correcting the sorting of membrane-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalanda Wanes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.W.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 7800, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mohamad Toutounji
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 7800, Tunisia;
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon;
| | - Hassan Y. Naim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.W.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8780 or +49-511-953-8781
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Eugene SP, Reddy VS, Trinath J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Intestinal Inflammation: A Perilous Union. Front Immunol 2020; 11:543022. [PMID: 33324392 PMCID: PMC7723926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.543022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract encompasses the largest mucosal surface fortified with a fine layer of intestinal epithelial cells along with highly sophisticated network of the lamina propria immune cells that are indispensable to sustain gut homeostasis. However, it can be challenging to uphold homeostasis when these cells in the intestine are perpetually exposed to insults of both endogenous and exogenous origin. The complex networking and dynamic microenvironment in the intestine demand highly functional cells ultimately burdening the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress. Unresolved ER stress is one of the primary contributors to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Studies also suggest that ER stress can be the primary cause of inflammation and/or the consequence of inflammation. Therefore, understanding the patterns of expression of ER stress regulators and deciphering the intricate interplay between ER stress and inflammatory pathways in intestinal epithelial cells in association with lamina propria immune cells contribute toward the development of novel therapies to tackle IBD. This review provides imperative insights into the molecular markers involved in the pathogenesis of IBD by potentiating ER stress and inflammation and briefly describes the potential pharmacological intervention strategies to mitigate ER stress and IBD. In addition, genetic mutations in the biomarkers contributing to abnormalities in the ER stress signaling pathways further emphasizes the relevance of biomarkers in potential treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchez Preethi Eugene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Jamma Trinath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
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