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Wu J, Niu L, Yang K, Xu J, Zhang D, Ling J, Xia P, Wu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang J, Yu P. The role and mechanism of RNA-binding proteins in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102234. [PMID: 38367813 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent chronic metabolic bone disease that poses a significant risk of fractures or mortality in elderly individuals. Its pathophysiological basis is often attributed to postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and natural aging, making the progression of primary osteoporosis among elderly people, especially older women, seemingly inevitable. The treatment and prevention of osteoporosis progression have been extensively discussed. Recently, as researchers delve deeper into the molecular biological mechanisms of bone remodeling, they have come to realize the crucial role of posttranscriptional gene control in bone metabolism homeostasis. RNA-binding proteins, as essential actors in posttranscriptional activities, may exert influence on osteoporosis progression by regulating the RNA life cycle. This review compiles recent findings on the involvement of RNA-binding proteins in abnormal bone metabolism in osteoporosis and describes the impact of some key RNA-binding proteins on bone metabolism regulation. Additionally, we explore the potential and rationale for modulating RNA-binding proteins as a means of treating osteoporosis, with an overview of drugs that target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Wu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Niu
- HuanKui College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Wang T, Li Z, Zhao S, Liu Y, Guo W, Alarcòn Rodrìguez R, Wu Y, Wei R. Characterizing hedgehog pathway features in senescence associated osteoarthritis through Integrative multi-omics and machine learning analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1255455. [PMID: 38444758 PMCID: PMC10912584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1255455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of senescence and inflammation. Hedgehog's role in OA mechanisms is unclear. This study combines Bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq to identify Hedgehog-associated genes in OA, investigating their impact on the pathogenesis of OA. Materials and methods: Download and merge eight bulk-RNA seq datasets from GEO, also obtain a scRNA-seq dataset for validation and analysis. Analyze Hedgehog pathway activity in OA using bulk-RNA seq datasets. Use ten machine learning algorithms to identify important Hedgehog-associated genes, validate predictive models. Perform GSEA to investigate functional implications of identified Hedgehog-associated genes. Assess immune infiltration in OA using Cibersort and MCP-counter algorithms. Utilize ConsensusClusterPlus package to identify Hedgehog-related subgroups. Conduct WGCNA to identify key modules enriched based on Hedgehog-related subgroups. Characterization of genes by methylation and GWAS analysis. Evaluate Hedgehog pathway activity, expression of hub genes, pseudotime, and cell communication, in OA chondrocytes using scRNA-seq dataset. Validate Hedgehog-associated gene expression levels through Real-time PCR analysis. Results: The activity of the Hedgehog pathway is significantly enhanced in OA. Additionally, nine important Hedgehog-associated genes have been identified, and the predictive models built using these genes demonstrate strong predictive capabilities. GSEA analysis indicates a significant positive correlation between all seven important Hedgehog-associated genes and lysosomes. Consensus clustering reveals the presence of two hedgehog-related subgroups. In Cluster 1, Hedgehog pathway activity is significantly upregulated and associated with inflammatory pathways. WGCNA identifies that genes in the blue module are most significantly correlated with Cluster 1 and Cluster 2, as well as being involved in extracellular matrix and collagen-related pathways. Single-cell analysis confirms the significant upregulation of the Hedgehog pathway in OA, along with expression changes observed in 5 genes during putative temporal progression. Cell communication analysis suggests an association between low-scoring chondrocytes and macrophages. Conclusion: The Hedgehog pathway is significantly activated in OA and is associated with the extracellular matrix and collagen proteins. It plays a role in regulating immune cells and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Joint, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenliang Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | | | - Yinteng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruqiong Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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3
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Lu W, Zheng C, Zhang H, Cheng P, Miao S, Wang H, He T, Fan J, Hu Y, Liu H, Jia L, Hao X, Luo Z, Xu J, Jie Q, Yang L. Hedgehog signaling regulates bone homeostasis through orchestrating osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-osteoblast coupling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:171. [PMID: 37261512 PMCID: PMC11071711 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance of bone homeostasis induces bone degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays critical roles in regulating the development of limb and joint. However, its unique role in bone homeostasis remained largely unknown. Here, we found that canonical Hh signaling pathway was gradually augmented during osteoclast differentiation. Genetic inactivation of Hh signaling in osteoclasts, using Ctsk-Cre;Smof/f conditional knockout mice, disrupted both osteoclast formation and subsequent osteoclast-osteoblast coupling. Concordantly, either Hh signaling inhibitors or Smo/Gli2 knockdown stunted in vitro osteoclast formation. Mechanistically, Hh signaling positively regulated osteoclast differentiation via transactivation of Traf6 and stabilization of TRAF6 protein. Then, we identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as an Hh-regulatory bone formation-stimulating factor derived from osteoclasts, whose loss played a causative role in osteopenia seen in CKO mice. In line with this, recombinant CTGF exerted mitigating effects against ovariectomy induced bone loss, supporting a potential extension of local rCTGF treatment to osteoporotic diseases. Collectively, our findings firstly demonstrate that Hh signaling, which dictates osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-osteoblast coupling by regulating TRAF6 and CTGF, is crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis, shedding mechanistic and therapeutic insights into the realm of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengzhen Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, College of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaqian Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyuan Jia
- Research Center for Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, College of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Hao
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Qiang Jie
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Research Center for Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, College of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Skeletal Deformity and Injury of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Zhu S, Dang J, Shi Y, Feng X, Hu Y, Lin L, Huang J. Sonic hedgehog promotes synovial inflammation and articular damage through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in experimental arthritis. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102902. [PMID: 36088884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in synovial inflammation and joint destruction of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mechanisms by which sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling promotes RA FLS-mediated chronic inflammation and tissue damage are not fully understood. The present study aims to determine the role of SHH signaling in the pathogenesis of RA and to explore the potential mechanism(s). We found that the components of SHH signaling were highly expressed in FLS and synovial tissue from patients with RA and in the joint tissue of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Overexpression of SHH aggravated the synovial inflammation and joint destruction of CIA and exacerbated cartilage degradation in the cartilage and RA FLS-engrafted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) model. Conversely, inhibition of SHH signaling significantly alleviated arthritis severity and reduced cartilage destruction caused by the invasion of RA FLS in vivo. Moreover, we found that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade was regulated by SHH signaling in RA FLS and the level of phospho-p38 in the joint tissue of CIA was decreased after blockade of SHH signaling. Inhibition of p38 MAPK abolished the effect of SHH overexpression on synovial inflammation and articular destruction of CIA and suppressed the aggressive properties of RA FLS, which were promoted by SHH agonist. In conclusion, our study suggests that SHH signaling aggravates synovial inflammation and joint destruction of experimental arthritis and promotes the abnormal behavior of RA FLS in a p38-dependent manner. SHH-p38 MAPK signaling could be a potential target for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangling Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Yudan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Lang Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China.
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Wei L, Chen W, Huang L, Wang H, Su Y, Liang J, Lian H, Xu J, Zhao J, Liu Q. Alpinetin ameliorates bone loss in LPS-induced inflammation osteolysis via ROS mediated P38/PI3K signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106400. [PMID: 35988868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bone loss occurs in several inflammatory diseases because of chronic persistent inflammation that activates osteoclasts (OCs) to increase bone resorption. Currently available antiresorptive drugs have severe side effects or contraindications. Herein, we explored the effects and mechanism of Alpinetin (Alp) on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated OCs differentiation, function, and in inflammatory osteolysis of mice. METHOD Primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) induced by RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were utilized to test the impact of Alp on OCs differentiation, function, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. Expression of oxidant stress relevant factors and OCs specific genes were assessed via real-time quantitative PCR. Further, oxidative stress-related factors, NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β, and NFATc1 pathways were examined via Western blot. Finally, LPS-induced mouse calvarial osteolysis was used to investigate the effect of Alp on inflammatory osteolysis in vivo. RESULT Alp suppressed OCs differentiation and resorption function, and down-regulated the ROS production. Alp inhibited IL-1β, TNF-α and osteoclast-specific gene transcription. It also blocked the gene and protein expression of Nox1 and Keap1, but enhanced Nrf2, CAT, and HO-1 protein levels. Additionally, Alp suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K and P38, and restrained the expression of osteoclast-specific gene Nfatc1 and its auto-amplification, hence minimizing LPS-induced osteolysis in mice. CONCLUSION Alp is a novel candidate or therapeutics for the osteoclast-associated inflammatory osteolytic ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Linke Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yuangang Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Haoyu Lian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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On the horizon: Hedgehog signaling to heal broken bones. Bone Res 2022; 10:13. [PMID: 35165260 PMCID: PMC8844053 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the molecular pathways that drive skeletal repair has been an ongoing challenge. Initial efforts have relied on in vitro assays to identify the key signaling pathways that drive cartilage and bone differentiation. While these assays can provide some clues, assessing specific pathways in animal models is critical. Furthermore, definitive proof that a pathway is required for skeletal repair is best provided using genetic tests. Stimulating the Hh (Hedgehog) pathway can promote cartilage and bone differentiation in cell culture assays. In addition, the application of HH protein or various pathway agonists in vivo has a positive influence on bone healing. Until recently, however, genetic proof that the Hh pathway is involved in bone repair has been lacking. Here, we consider both in vitro and in vivo studies that examine the role of Hh in repair and discuss some of the challenges inherent in their interpretation. We also identify needed areas of study considering a new appreciation for the role of cartilage during repair, the variety of cell types that may have differing roles in repair, and the recent availability of powerful lineage tracing techniques. We are optimistic that emerging genetic tools will make it possible to precisely define when and in which cells promoting Hh signaling can best promote skeletal repair, and thus, the clinical potential for targeting the Hh pathway can be realized.
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Kohara Y, Kitazawa R, Haraguchi R, Imai Y, Kitazawa S. Macrophages are requisite for angiogenesis of type H vessels during bone regeneration in mice. Bone 2022; 154:116200. [PMID: 34534711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are progenitors of osteoclasts as well as regulators of bone metabolism. Macrophages mediate not only bone formation by osteoblasts under physiological conditions, but also bone regeneration after fracture. The mechanisms of macrophages regulation of bone formation and regeneration remain unclear, however. Here, we demonstrate that the liposome-encapsulated Clodronate (Clod-lip) injected mouse model with cortical bone defect induced by drill-hole injury and targeted depletion of phagocytic macrophages exhibits impaired angiogenesis of type H vessels that couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, we identify Tgfbi (encoding TGFBI), Plau (encoding uPA) and Tgfb1 (encoding TGF-β1), through RNA-seq analysis, as genes of macrophage-secreted factors mediating angiogenesis and wound healing. The relevant mRNA was highly expressed in bone marrow-derived macrophages among bone cells, as determined through qRT-PCR. Finally, we disclose that treatment with uPA inhibitor or TGF-β receptor I, receptor II inhibitor impairs bone regeneration after injury, confirming the importance of uPA and TGF-β1 during bone regeneration. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of bone regeneration mediated by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Kohara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryuma Haraguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Division of Analytical Bio-Medicine, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Sun Y, Li J, Xie X, Gu F, Sui Z, Zhang K, Yu T. Recent Advances in Osteoclast Biological Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:788680. [PMID: 34957116 PMCID: PMC8694526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the progress of the aging population, bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have become urgent problems. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of osteoclasts in bone homeostasis, implying these will be an important mediator in the treatment of bone-related diseases. Up to now, several reviews have been performed on part of osteoclast biological behaviors such as differentiation, function, or apoptosis. However, few reviews have shown the complete osteoclast biology and research advances in recent years. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the origin, differentiation, apoptosis, behavior changes and coupling signals with osteoblasts, providing a simple but comprehensive overview of osteoclasts for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Advances in glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:370-388. [PMID: 34837604 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling pathway regulates self-renewal of rare and highly malignant cancer stem cells, which have been shown to account for the initiation and maintenance of tumor growth as well as for drug resistance, metastatic spread and relapse. As an important component of the Hh signaling pathway, glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) acts as a key signal transmission hub for various signaling pathways in many tumors. Here, we review direct and indirect inhibitors of GLI; summarize the abundant active structurally diverse natural GLI inhibitors; and discuss how to better develop and utilize GLI inhibitors to solve the problem of drug resistance in tumors of interest. In summary, GLI inhibitors will be promising candidates for various cancer treatments.
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10
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Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. Biased and allosteric modulation of bone cell-expressing G protein-coupled receptors as a novel approach to osteoporosis therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105794. [PMID: 34329703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On the cellular level, osteoporosis (OP) is a result of imbalanced bone remodeling, in which osteoclastic bone resorption outcompetes osteoblastic bone formation. Currently available OP medications include both antiresorptive and bone-forming drugs. However, their long-term use in OP patients, mainly in postmenopausal women, is accompanied by severe side effects. Notably, the fundamental coupling between bone resorption and formation processes underlies the existence of an undesirable secondary outcome that bone anabolic or anti-resorptive drugs also reduce bone formation. This drawback requires the development of anti-OP drugs capable of selectively stimulating osteoblastogenesis and concomitantly reducing osteoclastogenesis. We propose that the application of small synthetic biased and allosteric modulators of bone cell receptors, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family, could be the key to resolving the undesired anti-OP drug selectivity. This approach is based on the capacity of these GPCR modulators, unlike the natural ligands, to trigger signaling pathways that promote beneficial effects on bone remodeling while blocking potentially deleterious effects. Under the settings of OP, an optimal anti-OP drug should provide fine-tuned regulation of downstream effects, for example, intermittent cyclic AMP (cAMP) elevation, preservation of Ca2+ balance, stimulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and estrogen production, suppression of sclerostin secretion, and/or preserved/enhanced canonical β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway. As such, selective modulation of GPCRs involved in bone remodeling presents a promising approach in OP treatment. This review focuses on the evidence for the validity of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel.
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Bothrops moojeni Venom and Its Components Strongly Affect Osteoclasts' Maturation and Protein Patterns. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070459. [PMID: 34208941 PMCID: PMC8310197 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) are important for bone maintenance, calcium balance, and tissue regeneration regulation and are involved in different inflammatory diseases. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bothrops moojeni's venom and its low and high molecular mass (HMM and LMM) fractions on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived OCs' in vitro differentiation. Bothrops moojeni, a Brazilian lanced-head viper, presents a rich but not well-explored, venom composition. This venom is a potent inducer of inflammation, which can be used as a tool to investigate the inflammatory process. Human PBMCs were isolated and induced to OC differentiation following routine protocol. On the fourth day of differentiation, the venom was added at different concentrations (5, 0.5, and 0.05 µg/mL). We observed a significant reduction of TRAP+ (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) OCs at the concentration of 5 µg/mL. We evaluated the F-actin-rich OCs structure's integrity; disruption of its integrity reflects bone adsorption capacity. F-actin rings phalloidin staining demonstrated that venom provoked their disruption in treated OCs. HMM, fraction reduces TRAP+ OCs at a concentration of 5 µg/mL and LMM fraction at 1 µg/mL, respectively. Our results indicate morphological changes that the venom induced cause in OCs. We analyzed the pattern of soluble proteins found in the conditioned cell culture medium OCs treated with venom and its fractions using mass spectrometry (LC-MS/IT-Tof). The proteomic analyses indicate the possible pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in OC reduction after the treatment.
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Chen K, Jiao Y, Liu L, Huang M, He C, He W, Hou J, Yang M, Luo X, Li C. Communications Between Bone Marrow Macrophages and Bone Cells in Bone Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598263. [PMID: 33415105 PMCID: PMC7783313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton is a metabolically active organ that continuously undergoes bone remodeling, a process of tightly coupled bone resorption and formation throughout life. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge about the interactions between cells within bone marrow in bone remodeling. Macrophages resident in bone (BMMs) can regulate bone metabolism via secreting numbers of cytokines and exosomes. This review summarizes the current understanding of factors, exosomes, and hormones that involved in the communications between BMMs and other bone cells including mensenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and so on. We also discuss the role of BMMs and potential therapeutic approaches targeting BMMs in bone remodeling related diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yurui Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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13
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Ohba S. Hedgehog Signaling in Skeletal Development: Roles of Indian Hedgehog and the Mode of Its Action. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6665. [PMID: 32933018 PMCID: PMC7555016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is highly conserved among species and plays indispensable roles in various developmental processes. There are three Hh members in mammals; one of them, Indian hedgehog (Ihh), is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Based on mouse genetic studies, three major functions of Ihh have been proposed: (1) Regulation of chondrocyte differentiation via a negative feedback loop formed together with parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), (2) promotion of chondrocyte proliferation, and (3) specification of bone-forming osteoblasts. Gli transcription factors mediate the major aspect of Hh signaling in this context. Gli3 has dominant roles in the growth plate chondrocytes, whereas Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 collectively mediate biological functions of Hh signaling in osteoblast specification. Recent studies have also highlighted postnatal roles of the signaling in maintenance and repair of skeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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