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Trpkov D, Sredojević D, Pajović J, Tošić D, Božanić DK, Djoković V. Hybrid nanostructures of nitrogen-doped carbon dots and aromatic amino acids: Synthesis, interactions at interfaces and optical properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 238:113878. [PMID: 38565007 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCD) were synthesized using a simple and fast hydrothermal route, employing citric acid and urea as precursors. The resulting NCDs were non-covalently functionalized (conjugated) with aromatic amino acids, namely phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Trp). Atomic force microscopy revealed that the NCDs exhibit a disk-like morphology with an average diameter of approximately 60 nm and an average height of about 0.5 nm. Following conjugation, the particle height increased to around 3 nm. UV-vis spectroscopy analysis indicated successful conjugation of the amino acids to the NCD nanostructures. Additionally, DFT numerical calculations based on three differently N-doped clusters were performed to elucidate the nature of the non-covalent interactions between NCDs and the corresponding amino acids. Photoluminescent spectra demonstrated a stable and strong fluorescence signal for both hybrids in the UV region. The most significant changes were observed in the case of Trp-conjugation. In contrast to phenylalanine, the non-covalent bonding of tryptophan to NCDs strongly influenced the visible emission (around 500 nm) originating from surface states of the dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Trpkov
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Dušan Sredojević
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pajović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, P.O. Box 368, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Dragana Tošić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Dušan K Božanić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Djoković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
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Dar MS, Sahu NK. Graphene quantum dot-crafted nanocomposites: shaping the future landscape of biomedical advances. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:79. [PMID: 38695997 PMCID: PMC11065842 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a newly developed class of material, known as zero-dimensional nanomaterials, with characteristics derived from both carbon dots (CDs) and graphene. GQDs exhibit several ideal properties, including the potential to absorb incident energy, high water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, good stability, high drug-loading capacity, and notable biocompatibility, which make them powerful tools for various applications in the field of biomedicine. Additionally, GQDs can be incorporated with additional materials to develop nanocomposites with exceptional qualities and enriched functionalities. Inspired by the intriguing scientific discoveries and substantial contributions of GQDs to the field of biomedicine, we present a broad overview of recent advancements in GQDs-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications. The review first outlines the latest synthesis and classification of GQDs nanocomposite and enables their use in advanced composite materials for biomedicine. Furthermore, the systematic study of the biomedical applications for GQDs-based nanocomposites of drug delivery, biosensing, photothermal, photodynamic and combination therapies are emphasized. Finally, possibilities, challenges, and paths are highlighted to encourage additional research, which will lead to new therapeutics and global healthcare improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Suhaan Dar
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sahu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Khan SN, Weight BM, Gifford BJ, Tretiak S, Bishop A. Impact of Graphene Quantum Dot Edge Morphologies on Their Optical Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5801-5807. [PMID: 35726899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been explored by simulating electronic structure of three different shapes of GQDs containing exclusively zigzag or armchair edges in both pristine and functionalized forms. Absorption spectra and transition densities for the low-lying excited states are evaluated by using time-dependent density functional theory and compared for different functionalization species. The functionalization position dictates the optical properties of square GQDs, where isomers with CH2 in the intermediate positions (excluding corner and center positions) have higher electronic transition energies and exciton delocalization than other isomers. Rhombic GQDs with all armchair edges exhibit high steric flexibility, and their complete passivation results in the largest structural deformation from planarity and strongest red-shifts. A steady red-shift in the absorption energy is observed following the order F, CH3, Cl, and Br substitutions. This suggests that the steric effects due to large van der Waals radii overcome electronegative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar N Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
- Theoretical Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Braden M Weight
- Theoretical Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Brendan J Gifford
- Theoretical Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Alan Bishop
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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He Y, Hu C, Li Z, Wu C, Zeng Y, Peng C. Multifunctional carbon nanomaterials for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases and tumors. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100231. [PMID: 35280329 PMCID: PMC8896867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases (such as Corona Virus Disease 2019) and tumors pose a tremendous challenge to global public health. Early diagnosis of infectious diseases and tumors can lead to effective control and early intervention of the patient's condition. Over the past few decades, carbon nanomaterials (CNs) have attracted widespread attention in different scientific disciplines. In the field of biomedicine, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots and fullerenes have the ability of improving the accuracy of the diagnosis by the improvement of the diagnostic approaches. Therefore, this review highlights their applications in the diagnosis of infectious diseases and tumors over the past five years. Recent advances in the field of biosensing, bioimaging, and nucleic acid amplification by such CNs are introduced and discussed, emphasizing the importance of their unique properties in infectious disease and tumor diagnosis and the challenges and opportunities that exist for future clinical applications. Although the application of CNs in the diagnosis of several diseases is still at a beginning stage, biosensors, bioimaging technologies and nucleic acid amplification technologies built on CNs represent a new generation of promising diagnostic tools that further support their potential application in infectious disease and tumor diagnosis. Carbon nanomaterials (CNs) are systematically introduced in this review. This review studies the application of CNs in infectious diseases and tumors diagnosis. CNs act as potent nanostructures for biosensing, bioimaging, & nucleic acid amplification. New CN-based detection methods were introduced to detect SARS-CoV-2. The challenges and prospects of CN-based diagnostic assays are also discussed.
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Magaela NB, Matshitse R, Babu B, Managa M, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. Sn(IV) porphyrin-biotin decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots nanohybrids for photodynamic therapy. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kim KW, Kwon YM, Kim SY, Kim JYH. One-pot synthesis of UV-protective carbon nanodots from sea cauliflower (Leathesia difformis). ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Li J, Zeng H, Zeng Z, Zeng Y, Xie T. Promising Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications and Potential Risks: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5363-5396. [PMID: 34747591 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have been the subject of research focus in the scientific community because of their excellent physical, chemical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. Several studies have been conducted on GBNs, and they have provided a detailed review and summary of various applications. However, comprehensive comments on biomedical applications and potential risks and strategies to reduce toxicity are limited. In this review, we systematically summarized the following aspects of GBNs in order to fill the gaps: (1) the history, synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and surface modification; (2) the latest advances in biomedical applications (including drug/gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, tissue engineering, phototherapy, and antibacterial activity); and (3) biocompatibility, potential risks (toxicity in vivo/vitro and effects on human health and the environment), and strategies to reduce toxicity. Moreover, we have analyzed the challenges to be overcome in order to enhance application of GBNs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Huamin Zeng
- Chengdu Ping An Healthcare Medical Examination Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhaowu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yiying Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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Su YH, Huang HH, Tseng CC, Tsai HJ, Hsu WK. Production of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots with controllable emission wavelength, excellent sensing of Fe 3+ in aqueous solution, and potential application for stealth quick response coding in the visible regime. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34117-34124. [PMID: 35497274 PMCID: PMC9042367 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) exhibit a high quantum yield with controllable emission wavelength and intensity in the blue-green regime. N-CQDs were tested and determined to be thermally and optically stable during 150 °C heat treatment and prolonged UV irradiation. Potential applications of N-CQDs were demonstrated, including excellent Fe3+ sensing in aqueous solution, fluorescent polymer fibres, and stealth quick response coding at visible wavelengths. Carbon quantum dots have received attention due to their environmental friendliness, low biological toxicity and production cost. Polymer–CQD composite fibers, detection of Fe3+, and stealthy fluorescent labels made by thermal transfer printing are potential applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuang Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
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Liang L, Peng X, Sun F, Kong Z, Shen JW. A review on the cytotoxicity of graphene quantum dots: from experiment to simulation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:904-917. [PMID: 36133293 PMCID: PMC9419276 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) generate intrinsic fluorescence and improve the aqueous stability of graphene oxide (GO) while maintaining wide chemical adaptability and high adsorption capacity. Despite GO's remarkable advantages in bio-imaging, bio-sensing, and other biomedical applications, many experiments and simulations have focused on the biosafety of GQDs. Here, we review the findings on the biosafety of GQDs from experiments; then, we review the results from simulated interactions with biological membranes, DNA molecules, and proteins; finally, we examine the intersection between experiments and simulations. The biosafety results from simulations are explained in detail. Based on the literature and our experiments, we also discuss the trends toward GQDs with better biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China +86 571 87951895
| | - Xiangming Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, GuangZhou Red Cross Hospital 396 Tongfu Zhong Road Guangzhou 510220 GuangDong China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China +86 571 87951895
| | - Zhe Kong
- Center of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
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Janus Ł, Radwan-Pragłowska J, Piątkowski M, Bogdał D. Facile Synthesis of Surface-Modified Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) for Biosensing and Bioimaging. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3313. [PMID: 32722356 PMCID: PMC7436324 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, fluorescent probes became one of the most efficient tools for biosensing and bioimaging. Special attention is focused on carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which are characterized by the water solubility and lack of cytotoxicity. Moreover, they exhibit higher photostability comparing to traditional organic dyes. Currently, there is a great need for the novel, luminescent nanomaterials with tunable properties enabling fast and effective analysis of the biological samples. In this article, we propose a new, ecofriendly bottom-up synthesis approach for intelligent, surface-modified nanodots preparation using bioproducts as a raw material. Obtained nanomaterials were characterized over their morphology, chemical structure and switchable luminescence. Their possible use as a nanodevice for medicine was investigated. Finally, the products were confirmed to be non-toxic to fibroblasts and capable of cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janus
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (J.R.-P.); (M.P.); (D.B.)
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