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García-delaTorre P, Rivero-Segura NA, Sánchez-García S, Becerril-Rojas K, Sandoval-Rodriguez FE, Castro-Morales D, Cruz-Lopez M, Vazquez-Moreno M, Rincón-Heredia R, Ramirez-Garcia P, Gomez-Verjan JC. GrimAge is elevated in older adults with mild COVID-19 an exploratory analysis. GeroScience 2024; 46:3511-3524. [PMID: 38358578 PMCID: PMC11226692 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has been contained; however, the side effects associated with its infection continue to be a challenge for public health, particularly for older adults. On the other hand, epigenetic status contributes to the inter-individual health status and is associated with COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, current studies focus only on severe COVID-19. Considering that most of the worldwide population developed mild COVID-19 infection. In the present exploratory study, we aim to analyze the association of mild COVID-19 with epigenetic ages (HorvathAge, HannumAge, GrimAge, PhenoAge, SkinAge, and DNAmTL) and clinical variables obtained from a Mexican cohort of older adults. We found that all epigenetic ages significantly differ from the chronological age, but only GrimAge is elevated. Additionally, both the intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) and the extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA) are accelerated in all patients. Moreover, we found that immunological estimators and DNA damage were associated with PhenoAge, SkinBloodHorvathAge, and HorvathAge, suggesting that the effects of mild COVID-19 on the epigenetic clocks are mainly associated with inflammation and immunology changes. In conclusion, our results show that the effects of mild COVID-19 on the epigenetic clock are mainly associated with the immune system and an increase in GrimAge, IEAA, and EEAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola García-delaTorre
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Sergio Sánchez-García
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Área de Envejecimiento, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Diana Castro-Morales
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), 10200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz-Lopez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Vazquez-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Unidad de Imagenología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perla Ramirez-Garcia
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), 10200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), 10200, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Morales-Sánchez P, Lambert C, Ares-Blanco J, Suárez-Gutiérrez L, Villa-Fernández E, Garcia AV, García-Villarino M, Tejedor JR, Fraga MF, Torre EM, Pujante P, Delgado E. Circulating miRNA expression in long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8611. [PMID: 37244952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease which results in inefficient regulation of glucose homeostasis and can lead to different vascular comorbidities through life. In this study we aimed to analyse the circulating miRNA expression profile of patients with type 1 diabetes, and with no other associated pathology. For this, fasting plasma was obtained from 85 subjects. Next generation sequencing analysis was firstly performed to identify miRNAs that were differentially expressed between groups (20 patients vs. 10 controls). hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-9-5p, and hsa-miR-1200 expression was also measured by Taqman RT-PCR to validate the observed changes (34 patients vs. 21 controls). Finally, through a bioinformatic approach, the main pathways affected by the target genes of these miRNAs were studied. Among the studied miRNAs, hsa-miR-1-3p expression was found significantly increased in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to controls, and positively correlated with glycated haemoglobin levels. Additionally, by using a bioinformatic approach, we could observe that changes in hsa-miR-1-3p directly affect genes involved in vascular development and cardiovascular pathologies. Our results suggest that, circulating hsa-miR-1-3p in plasma, together with glycaemic control, could be used as prognostic biomarkers in type 1 diabetes, helping to prevent the development of vascular complications in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Morales-Sánchez
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Lambert
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jessica Ares-Blanco
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Asturias Central University Hospital, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lorena Suárez-Gutiérrez
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Asturias Central University Hospital, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Elsa Villa-Fernández
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Victoria Garcia
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Villarino
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez Torre
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Asturias Central University Hospital, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pedro Pujante
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Asturias Central University Hospital, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Elías Delgado
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group (ENDO), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Asturias Central University Hospital, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Medicine Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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Berberine Ameliorates Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Mediated Metabolism Disorder and Redox Homeostasis by Upregulating Clock Genes: Clock and Bmal1 Expressions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041874. [PMID: 36838862 PMCID: PMC9960773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases, which in turn triggers mild inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, fibrosis, and even cancer. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Berberine (BBR) could significantly improve MAFLD progression. Clock and Bmal1 as heterodimer proteins highly participated in the development of MAFLD, but whether BBR targets Clock and Bmal1 in MAFLD remains poorly understood. The result suggested that the protein levels of Clock and Bmal1 were decreased in MAFLD mice, which was negatively correlated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, the H2O2 level, liver inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and insulin resistance. The mRNA and protein levels of Clock and Bmal1 were also decreased in glucosamine-induced HepG2 cells, which were are negatively related to glucose uptake, the ROS level, and the H2O2 level. More importantly, Bmal1 siRNA could mimic the effect of glucosamine in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, Berberine (BBR) could rescue metabolism disorder and redox homeostasis through enhancing Clock and Bmal1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, BBR might be an effective natural compound for alleviating redox homeostasis, metabolism disorder, and liver pathological changes in MAFLD by activating Clock and Bmal1 expression.
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A new model for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on rhythm regulations under the framework of psychosomatic medicine: a real-world study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1047. [PMID: 36658428 PMCID: PMC9852565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore a new treatment model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) based on rhythm regulation under the framework of psychosomatic medicine. Using psychotropics as rhythm regulators, 178 patients with DM were evaluated and divided into three groups: the antidiabetic treatment group (AT group), psychotropic treatment group (PT group), and combined antidiabetic + psychotropic treatment group (combined group), for a course of 16 weeks. The West China Psychiatry Association (WCPA) Somatic Symptom Classification Scale (SSCS) was used to evaluate each patient. The levels of hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes and of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated both before and after treatment. After the treatment, the blood glucose and HbA1c levels in all three groups were lower than those at baseline. Furthermore, the incidence of the abnormal HPA axis in the PT group was significantly decreased (P = 0.003), while the incidence of the abnormal HPA axis in the combined group was 0.0%. The five factor scores of the SSCS in the PT and combined groups after treatment were both significantly low (P < 0.01). Both the incidence of abnormal neuroendocrine axes and SSCS scores in the AT group showed no significant difference before and after treatment. "Blood glucose control + rhythm regulation" should be considered as optimised treatment goals for DM. Moreover, some psychotropics could be used as biorhythm regulators, which have good potential value for clinical application.Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800019064. Name of trial registration: Reinterpretation of mechanism and the optimization of treatment for non-infectious chronic diseases under the "stress-dysrhythmia" theory hypothesis. The full trial protocol can be accessed at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ).
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Sleep deprivation among adolescents in urban and indigenous-rural Mexican communities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1058. [PMID: 36658329 PMCID: PMC9852252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparing the nature of adolescent sleep across urban and more isolated, rural settings through an ecological, cross-cultural perspective represents one way to inform sleep nuances and broaden our understanding of human development, wellbeing and evolution. Here we tested the Social Jetlag Hypothesis, according to which contemporary, urban lifestyles and technological advances are associated with sleep insufficiency in adolescents. We documented the adolescent sleep duration (11-16 years old; X̅ = 13.7 ± 1.21; n = 145) in two small agricultural, indigenous and one densely urban context in Mexico to investigate whether adolescents in socio-ecologically distinct locations experience sleep deprivation. Sleep data was assembled with actigraphy, sleep diaries and standardized questionnaires. We employed multilevel models to analyze how distinct biological and socio-cultural factors (i.e., pubertal maturation, chronotype, napping, gender, working/schooling, access to screen-based devices, exposure to light, and social sleep practices) shape adolescent sleep duration. Results suggest that the prevalence of adolescent short sleep quotas is similar in rural, more traditional environments compared to highly urbanized societies, and highlight the influence of social activities on the expression of human sleep. This study challenges current assumptions about natural sleep and how adolescents slept before contemporary technological changes occurred.
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Muscogiuri G. The EASO New Investigator Award in Clinical Research 2021: Role of Chronotype in Obesity. Obes Facts 2023; 16:131-140. [PMID: 36349806 PMCID: PMC10028370 DOI: 10.1159/000527691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotype is the expression of the timing of circadian rhythmicity of a subject, and three categories of chronotype have been identified: morning, evening, and intermediate chronotype. Subjects with morning chronotype prefer to carry out most of their daily activities in the morning, while subjects with evening chronotype perform most of their daily activities in the second half of the day. Intermediate chronotype is in an intermediate position between the above reported categories. Recently, evening chronotype has been associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diseases. Thus, the aim of this manuscript was to review the current evidence on the role of chronotype categories on the risk of developing obesity and the most common obesity-related comorbidities (cardiometabolic and neoplastic complications). SUMMARY Subjects with evening chronotype have been reported to be at high risk of developing obesity, and this was mostly due to the tendency of these subjects to follow unhealthy lifestyle mostly characterized by sedentary behavior and high intake of unhealthy food. In addition, sleep disturbances are a common finding in subjects with evening chronotype that in turn could further contribute to the risk of obesity. The impairment of insulin sensitivity, melatonin, adiponectin, and clock genes function along with increase of leptin secretion detected in subjects with evening chronotype could also represent a favorable milieu for the onset of obesity-related cancer. The current evidence is limited to breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer. KEY MESSAGES The chronotype categories could be easy assessed in subjects with obesity and at the same time provide an important information on an additional risk factor predisposing to the onset of obesity-related comorbidities. Since chronotype could be potentially modified through a behavioral-driven approach thus potentiating the efficacy of anti-obesity treatment, the assessment of chronotype categories should be included in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per La Cura e Il Benessere Del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- *Giovanna Muscogiuri,
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McClean C, Davison GW. Circadian Clocks, Redox Homeostasis, and Exercise: Time to Connect the Dots? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020256. [PMID: 35204138 PMCID: PMC8868136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling research has documented how the circadian system is essential for the maintenance of several key biological processes including homeostasis, cardiovascular control, and glucose metabolism. Circadian clock disruptions, or losses of rhythmicity, have been implicated in the development of several diseases, premature ageing, and are regarded as health risks. Redox reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) regulate several physiological functions such as cell signalling and the immune response. However, oxidative stress is associated with the pathological effects of RONS, resulting in a loss of cell signalling and damaging modifications to important molecules such as DNA. Direct connections have been established between circadian rhythms and oxidative stress on the basis that disruptions to circadian rhythms can affect redox biology, and vice versa, in a bi-directional relationship. For instance, the expression and activity of several key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) appear to follow circadian patterns. Consequently, the ability to unravel these interactions has opened an exciting area of redox biology. Exercise exerts numerous benefits to health and, as a potent environmental cue, has the capacity to adjust disrupted circadian systems. In fact, the response to a given exercise stimulus may also exhibit circadian variation. At the same time, the relationship between exercise, RONS, and oxidative stress has also been scrutinised, whereby it is clear that exercise-induced RONS can elicit both helpful and potentially harmful health effects that are dependent on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise. To date, it appears that the emerging interface between circadian rhythmicity and oxidative stress/redox metabolism has not been explored in relation to exercise. This review aims to summarise the evidence supporting the conceptual link between the circadian clock, oxidative stress/redox homeostasis, and exercise stimuli. We believe carefully designed investigations of this nexus are required, which could be harnessed to tackle theories concerned with, for example, the existence of an optimal time to exercise to accrue physiological benefits.
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Wang T, Ashrafi A, Modareszadeh P, Deese AR, Chacon Castro MDC, Alemi PS, Zhang L. An Analysis of the Multifaceted Roles of Heme in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Related Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4142. [PMID: 34439295 PMCID: PMC8393563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is an essential prosthetic group in proteins and enzymes involved in oxygen utilization and metabolism. Heme also plays versatile and fascinating roles in regulating fundamental biological processes, ranging from aerobic respiration to drug metabolism. Increasing experimental and epidemiological data have shown that altered heme homeostasis accelerates the development and progression of common diseases, including various cancers, diabetes, vascular diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. The effects of heme on the pathogenesis of these diseases may be mediated via its action on various cellular signaling and regulatory proteins, as well as its function in cellular bioenergetics, specifically, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Elevated heme levels in cancer cells intensify OXPHOS, leading to higher ATP generation and fueling tumorigenic functions. In contrast, lowered heme levels in neurons may reduce OXPHOS, leading to defects in bioenergetics and causing neurological deficits. Further, heme has been shown to modulate the activities of diverse cellular proteins influencing disease pathogenesis. These include BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), tumor suppressor P53 protein, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 protein (PGRMC1), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitric oxide synthases (NOS). This review provides an in-depth analysis of heme function in influencing diverse molecular and cellular processes germane to disease pathogenesis and the modes by which heme modulates the activities of cellular proteins involved in the development of cancer and other common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (T.W.); (A.A.); (P.M.); (A.R.D.); (M.D.C.C.C.); (P.S.A.)
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Jacovetti C, Bayazit MB, Regazzi R. Emerging Classes of Small Non-Coding RNAs With Potential Implications in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:670719. [PMID: 34040585 PMCID: PMC8142323 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.670719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the sequences in the human genome do not code for proteins but generate thousands of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with regulatory functions. High-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatic tools significantly expanded our knowledge about ncRNAs, highlighting their key role in gene regulatory networks, through their capacity to interact with coding and non-coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. NcRNAs comprise diverse RNA species, including amongst others PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), involved in transposon silencing, and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), which participate in the modification of other RNAs such as ribosomal RNAs and transfer RNAs. Recently, a novel class of small ncRNAs generated from the cleavage of tRNAs or pre-tRNAs, called tRNA-derived small RNAs (tRFs) has been identified. tRFs have been suggested to regulate protein translation, RNA silencing and cell survival. While for other ncRNAs an implication in several pathologies is now well established, the potential involvement of piRNAs, snoRNAs and tRFs in human diseases, including diabetes, is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we summarize fundamental aspects of piRNAs, snoRNAs and tRFs biology. We discuss their biogenesis while emphasizing on novel sequencing technologies that allow ncRNA discovery and annotation. Moreover, we give an overview of genomic approaches to decrypt their mechanisms of action and to study their functional relevance. The review will provide a comprehensive landscape of the regulatory roles of these three types of ncRNAs in metabolic disorders by reporting their differential expression in endocrine pancreatic tissue as well as their contribution to diabetes incidence and diabetes-underlying conditions such as inflammation. Based on these discoveries we discuss the potential use of piRNAs, snoRNAs and tRFs as promising therapeutic targets in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Jacovetti
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Bilal Bayazit
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhou D, Chen L, Mou X. Acarbose ameliorates spontaneous type‑2 diabetes in db/db mice by inhibiting PDX‑1 methylation. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:72. [PMID: 33236139 PMCID: PMC7716388 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (PDX)‑1 is a gene that plays an important role in pancreatic development and function. Type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease associated with insulin resistance and impaired islet β‑cell function. There is evidence that methylation of PDX‑1 plays a role in the development of T2DM. Acarbose is an α‑glucosidase inhibitor that can effectively delay the absorption of glucose by the body. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of acarbose on PDX‑1 methylation in islet β‑cells in spontaneous type‑2 diabetic db/db mice. The effect of acarbose on glucose and lipid metabolism in these mice was assessed by measuring food intake, body weight, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucagon, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Blood glucose levels were also analyzed using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the effect of acarbose on pathological changes in the pancreas. Moreover, a BrdU assay was used to analyze cell proliferation. Lastly, the effect of acarbose on PDX‑1 methylation was evaluated in mice using methylation‑specific PCR and western blot analysis. In the present study, body weight significantly increased in the acarbose group, compared to the normal group. The levels of HbA1c and glucagon in the T2DM group significantly increased, compared with the normal group, but significantly decreased in acarbose‑treated mice. Moreover, FBG levels significantly decreased in the acarbose groups compared with T2DM mice. Acarbose also promoted cell proliferation, compared with untreated T2DM mice. In addition, PDX‑1 methylation and cytoplasmic expression levels were both downregulated in the acarbose group, compared with the T2DM group. In conclusion, these results suggested that acarbose could promote the proliferation of islet β‑cells and inhibit PDX‑1 methylation in islet β cells from diabetic mice. Thus, acarbose may provide a new strategy to treat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Mou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Lacatusu CM, Maranduca MA, Ouatu A, Floria M. The Intricate Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Insulin Resistance (IR), and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3920196. [PMID: 32832560 PMCID: PMC7424491 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3920196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain as one of the most global problematic metabolic diseases with rapidly increasing prevalence and incidence. Epidemiological studies noted that T2DM patients have by two-fold increase to develop NAFLD, and vice versa. This complex and intricate association is supported and mediated by insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we discuss the NAFLD immunopathogenesis, connection with IR and T2DM, the role of screening and noninvasive tools, and mostly the impact of the current antidiabetic drugs on steatosis liver and new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Lacatusu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Military Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania
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