1
|
Hu C, Dou W, Ma X, An Y, Wang D, Ma Y. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to promote lipid synthesis in mastitis cows. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2381080. [PMID: 39087503 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2381080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis, a serious threat to the health and milk production function of dairy cows decreases milk quality. Blood from three healthy cows and three mastitis cows were collected in this study and their transcriptome was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened according to the |log2FoldChange| > 1 and P-value < 0.05 criteria. Pathway enrichment and functional annotation were performed through KEGG and GO analyses. Finally, the mechanism of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to promote lipid metabolism in mastitis cows was analyzed in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 825 DEGs, with 474 genes showing increased expression and 351 genes showing decreased expression. The KEGG analysis of DEGs revealed that they were mainly linked to tumour necrosis factor, nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway, and lipid metabolism-related signalling pathway, whereas GO functional annotation found that DEGs were enriched in threonine and methionine kinase activity, cellular metabolic processes, and cytoplasm. AMPK expression, which is involved in several lipid metabolism pathways, was downregulated in mastitis cows. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the inhibition of AMPK promoted the expression of lipid synthesis genes in lipopolysaccharide-induced BMECs and that EGCG could promote lipid synthesis by decreasing the expression of AMPK and downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors in inflammatory BMECs. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that AMPK mediated EGCG to inhabit of inflammatory responses and promote of lipid synthesis in inflammatory BMECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenli Dou
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhao An
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Ningxia Borui Ruminant Nutrition Research Center Co., Ltd, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv X, Xie Z, Wang H, Lu G, Li M, Chen D, Lin T, Jiang C. In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammation of Rhapontici Radix extract on mastitis via TMEM59 and GPR161. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118462. [PMID: 38942158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhapontici Radix ethanol extract (RRE) is derived from the dried root of Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC belonging to the Asteraceae family. RRE exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, the potential of RRE in mastitis treatment requires further investigation. AIM OF THIS STUDY This research was performed to examine the protective properties of RRE against mastitis and the mechanisms underlying the effects of RRE. MATERIAL AND METHODS RRE components were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and DPPH methods. Isochlorogenic acid B (ICAB) was obtained commercially. MTT assay was utilized to assess RRE or ICAB cytotoxicity in bovine mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cells. Immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the pathological alterations in mammary tissue. The protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators were analyzed using ELISA, and the expression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as p65 nuclear translocation, were analyzed through Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques, respectively. Target proteins of RRE were screened by RNA-seq and tandem mass tag analyses. Protein interaction was revealed and confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation and CRISPR/Cas9-based knockdown and overexpression of target genes. RESULTS ICAB was revealed as one of the main components in RRE, and it was responsible for 84.33% of RRE radical scavenging activity. Both RRE and ICAB mitigated the infiltration of T lymphocytes in the mammary glands of mice, leading to decreased levels of inflammatory mediators (COX-2 and iNOS) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MAC-T cells. Furthermore, RRE and ICAB suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor and p65, thereby impeding p65 nuclear translocation in mouse mammary glands and MAC-T cells. In addition, RRE and ICAB attenuated the LPS-triggered activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2, p38, and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2. Importantly, co-treated with LPS and ICAB in MAC-T cells, an upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor 161 (GPR161) and transmembrane protein 59 (TMEM59) was observed; the interact between TMEM59 and was found, leading to inhibition of NF-κB activity and inflammatory cytokine production. CONCLUSION ICAB is a prominent antioxidant in RRE. RRE and ICAB reduce mammary inflammation via MAPK and NF-κB pathways and the interaction between TMEM59 and GPR161 mediates the control of ICAB in NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zihan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haolei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guicong Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Manman Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Chongqing Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, 400062, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 641000, China
| | - Caode Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roshdy M, Zaky DA, Abbas SS, Abdallah DM. Niacin, an innovative protein kinase-C-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress reticence in murine Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2024; 351:122865. [PMID: 38914304 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Niacin (NIA) supplementation showed effectiveness against Parkinson's disease (PD) in clinical trials. The depletion of NAD and endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, but the potential role for NAD precursors on ERSR is not yet established. This study was undertaken to decipher NIA molecular mechanisms against PD-accompanied ERSR, especially in relation to PKC. METHODS Alternate-day-low-dose-21 day-subcutaneous exposure to rotenone (ROT) in rats induced PD. Following the 5th ROT injection, rats received daily doses of either NIA alone or preceded by the PKC inhibitor tamoxifen (TAM). Extent of disease progression was assessed by behavioral, striatal biochemical and striatal/nigral histopathological/immunohistochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS Via activating PKC/LKB1/AMPK stream, NIA post-treatment attenuated the ERSR reflected by the decline in ATF4, ATF6 and XBP1s to downregulate the apoptotic markers, CHOP/GADD153, p-JNK and active caspase-3. Such amendments congregated in motor activity/coordination improvements in open field and rotarod tasks, enhanced grid test latency and reduced overall PD scores, while boosting nigral/striatal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and increasing intact neurons (Nissl stain) in both SNpc and striatum that showed less neurodegeneration (H&E stain). To different extents, TAM reverted all the NIA-related actions to prove PKC as a fulcrum in conveying the drug neurotherapeutic potential. SIGNIFICANCE PKC activation is a pioneer mechanism in the drug ERSR inhibitory anti-apoptotic modality to clarify NIA promising clinical and potent preclinical anti-PD efficacy. This kinase can be tagged as a druggable target for future add-on treatments that can assist dopaminergic neuronal aptitude against this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merna Roshdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li K, Yang M, Tian M, Jia L, Wu Y, Du J, Yuan L, Li L, Ma Y. The preventive effects of Lactobacillus casei 03 on Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in vitro and in vivo. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38395896 PMCID: PMC10893599 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus casei possesses many kinds of bioactivities, such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant, and has been applied to treating multiple inflammatory diseases. However, its role in mastitis prevention has remained ambiguous. METHODS This study aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of L. casei 03 against E. coli- mastitis utilizing bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and a mouse model. RESULTS In vitro assays revealed pretreatment with L. casei 03 reduced the apoptotic ratio and the mRNA expression levels of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα and suppressed phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, p38, JNK and ERK in the NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo tests indicated that intramammary infusion of L. casei 03 relieved pathological changes, reduced the secretion of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα and MPO activity in the mouse mastitis model. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that L. casei 03 exerts protective effects against E. coli-induced mastitis in vitro and in vivo and may hold promise as a novel agent for the prevention and treatment of mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mengyue Tian
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 056038, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yinghao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, China
| | - Lining Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lianmin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zou B, Long F, Xue F, Chen C, Zhang X, Qu M, Xu L. Protective Effects of Niacin on Rumen Epithelial Cell Barrier Integrity in Heat-Stressed Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:313. [PMID: 38275773 PMCID: PMC10812637 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the theoretical basis for maintaining normal physiological functions in heat-stressed beef cattle by exploring the effects of niacin supplementation on the permeability of the rumen epithelial cell barrier. Herein, 12 Jinjiang bulls with an average weight of approximately 400 ± 20.0 kg were randomly divided into three groups, thermoneutral (TN), heat-stressed (HS), and heat-stressed niacin-supplemented (HN) groups, with 4 bulls in each group. The experiment spanned 70 days, and the plasma concentrations of D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase (DAO), lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Additionally, we assessed the gene expression of tight junction proteins to understand the effect of niacin supplementation on heat-stressed beef cattle. Our results revealed that heat stress significantly increased the D-lactic acid and LPS levels in beef cattle plasma on days 30 and 45 of the experiment (p < 0.05). Moreover, it led to a significant rise in DAO levels on day 30 (p < 0.05). Niacin supplementation significantly reduced the LPS levels on day 30 (p < 0.05). Heat stress significantly elevated the plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.05), while reducing the IL-4 concentration (p < 0.05). However, niacin supplementation effectively mitigated the concentrations of these inflammatory factors by reducing IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations and increasing IL-4 concentrations. The mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, claudin-4, and claudin-7 were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in the HS group compared to those in the TN group, and those of ZO-1 and occludin were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in the HN group compared to those in the HS group. Notably, no significant differences were observed in ruminal papillae length and width among the studied groups (p > 0.05). Our findings indicate that heat stress adversely impacted the tight junction structure of the rumen epithelium, leading to a significant reduction in the expression of tight junction protein mRNA. Consequently, heat stress impaired the rumen mucosal barrier function, resulting in increased intestinal permeability. The mechanism underlying this effect may be associated with the decreased expression of tight junction protein genes in the rumen epithelial cells. However, niacin supplementation mitigated the detrimental effects of heat stress on intestinal permeability in beef cattle and increased the expression of tight junction protein genes in the rumen epithelium, thereby effectively protecting the rumen barrier in heat-stressed beef cattle. These results highlight the potential of nicotinic acid as a protective agent against the negative impacts of heat stress on intestinal integrity in beef cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lanjiao Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (B.Z.); (F.L.); (F.X.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin H, Ao H, Guo G, Liu M. The Role and Mechanism of Metformin in Inflammatory Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5545-5564. [PMID: 38026260 PMCID: PMC10680465 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s436147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a classical drug used to treat type 2 diabetes. With the development of research on metformin, it has been found that metformin also has several advantages aside from its hypoglycemic effect, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-cancer, improving intestinal flora, and other effects. The prevention of inflammation is critical because chronic inflammation is associated with numerous diseases of considerable public health. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the role of metformin in treating various inflammatory conditions. However, the precise anti-inflammatory mechanisms of metformin were inconsistent in the reported studies. Thus, this review aims to summarize various currently known possible mechanisms of metformin involved in inflammatory diseases and provide references for the clinical application of metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyong Ao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhuo Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He X, Wang J, Sun L, Ma W, Li M, Yu S, Zhou Q, Jiang J. Wogonin attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis by inhibiting Akt/NF-κB pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:989-999. [PMID: 37910344 PMCID: PMC10746643 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a disease involved in inflammation of breast which affects human and animals. Wogonin is one bioactive compound from many Chinese herbal medicines, which have multiple properties, including anti-inflammatory activity. However, the roles of wogonin in mastitis progression are largely undefined. Mastitis models were established using LPS-treated mice and mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Infiltration of inflammatory cells was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels were detected via ELISA. The phosphorylation and total of Akt and NF-κB levels and content of Nrf2 and HO-1 were measured via western blot. Cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. Oxidative stress was assessed by ROS generation and levels of MDA, GSH, and SOD. Wogonin attenuated LPS-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase of MPO activity and levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and activation of the Akt/NF-κB pathway in murine mammary gland tissues, and promoted activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Wogonin did not affect MEC viability, but mitigated LPS-induced inflammation in MECs by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Wogonin relieved LPS-induced oxidative stress in MECs through decreasing ROS generation and MDA level and increasing GSH and SOD levels. Wogonin repressed LPS-induced activation of the Akt/NF-κB pathway in MECs and increased Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation. Activated Akt/NF-κB signaling or Nrf2/HO-1 signaling inactivation reversed the suppressive effects of wogonin on LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in MECs. Wogonin mitigates LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress of MECs via suppressing activation of the Akt/NF-κB signaling and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, indicating the therapeutic potential of wogonin in mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Jue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hanafy NAN, Sheashaa RF, Moussa EA, Mahfouz ME. Potential of curcumin and niacin-loaded targeted chitosan coated liposomes to activate autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: An in vitro evaluation in HePG2 cell line. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125572. [PMID: 37385311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to activate autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma for the enhancement of its cellular degradation. Liposomes incorporated chitosan in the core used to improve the stability of lecithin and increase the niacin loading efficiency. Additionally, curcumin as a hydrophobic molecule entrapped into liposomal layers and used as a face layer to minimize the release of niacin in physiological pH 7.2. Folic acid-conjugated chitosan was used to facilitate the delivery of liposomes into a specific location of cancer cells. TEM, UV Visible spectrophotometer, and FTIR confirmed the successful liposomal formation and good encapsulation efficiency. Based on the cellular proliferation of HePG2, the results revealed that there was a significant inhibition of growth rate of HePG2 after 48 h of incubation at a concentration of 100 μg/mL by 91 % ± 1 %, P ≤ 0.002 (pure niacin), 55 % ± 3 %, P ≤ 0.001 (pure curcumin), 83 % ± 1.5 %, P ≤ 0.001 (niacin NPs), and 51 % ± 1.5 % P ≤ 0.0001 (curcumin-niacin NPs) of relative to the control. Increasingly, The expression of mRNA of mTOR was significantly increased by 0.72 ± 0.08 P ≤ 0.001, 1 ± 0.1, 0. P ≤ 0.001, 5 ± 0.07 P ≤ 0.01, and 1.3 ± 0.02 P ≤ 0.001 folds) in pure niacin, pure curcumin, niacin NPs and curcumin -niacin NPs, respectively, relative to the control with an expression of 0.3 ± 0.08. Additionally, the expression of p62 mRNA was significantly increased by 0.92 ± 0.07 P ≤ 0.05, 1.7 ± 0.07 P ≤ 0.0001, 0.72 ± 0.08 P ≤ 0.5, and 2.1 ± 0.1 P ≤ 0.0001 folds relative to that of the control with an expression of 0.72 ± 0.08. The results highlight the efficient therapies of biomaterials derived from natural sources that can be used in cancer therapies instead of traditional chemotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemany A N Hanafy
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Rehab Fouad Sheashaa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Eman A Moussa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Magdy E Mahfouz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shao D, Shen W, Miao Y, Gao Z, Pan M, Wei Q, Yan Z, Zhao X, Ma B. Sulforaphane prevents LPS-induced inflammation by regulating the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway in goat mammary epithelial cells and a mouse model of mastitis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:61. [PMID: 37131202 PMCID: PMC10155371 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis not only deteriorates the composition or quality of milk, but also damages the health and productivity of dairy goats. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytochemical isothiocyanate compound with various pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, the effect of SFN on mastitis has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of SFN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) and a mouse model of mastitis. RESULTS In vitro, SFN downregulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6), inhibited the protein expression of inflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) while suppressing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation in LPS-induced GMECs. Additionally, SFN exhibited an antioxidant effect by increasing Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation, up-regulating antioxidant enzymes expression, and decreasing LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in GMECs. Furthermore, SFN pretreatment promoted the autophagy pathway, which was dependent on the increased Nrf2 level, and contributed significantly to the improved LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In vivo, SFN effectively alleviated histopathological lesions, suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors, enhanced immunohistochemistry staining of Nrf2, and amplified of LC3 puncta LPS-induced mastitis in mice. Mechanically, the in vitro and in vivo study showed that the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of SFN were mediated by the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway in GMECs and a mouse model of mastitis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the natural compound SFN has a preventive effect on LPS-induced inflammation through by regulating the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway in primary goat mammary epithelial cells and a mouse model of mastitis, which may improve prevention strategies for mastitis in dairy goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He D, Fu S, Ye B, Wang H, He Y, Li Z, Li J, Gao X, Liu D. Activation of HCA2 regulates microglial responses to alleviate neurodegeneration in LPS-induced in vivo and in vitro models. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:86. [PMID: 36991440 PMCID: PMC10053461 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown a close association between an altered immune system and Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuroinflammation inhibition may be an effective measure to prevent PD. Recently, numerous reports have highlighted the potential of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) in inflammation-related diseases. Notably, the role of HCA2 in neurodegenerative diseases is also becoming more widely known. However, its role and exact mechanism in PD remain to be investigated. Nicotinic acid (NA) is one of the crucial ligands of HCA2, activating it. Based on such findings, this study aimed to examine the effect of HCA2 on neuroinflammation and the role of NA-activated HCA2 in PD and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS For in vivo studies, 10-week-old male C57BL/6 and HCA2-/- mice were injected with LPS in the substantia nigra (SN) to construct a PD model. The motor behavior of mice was detected using open field, pole-climbing and rotor experiment. The damage to the mice's dopaminergic neurons was detected using immunohistochemical staining and western blotting methods. In vitro, inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2) and anti-inflammatory factors (Arg-1, Ym-1, CD206 and IL-10) were detected using RT-PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescence. Inflammatory pathways (AKT, PPARγ and NF-κB) were delineated by RT-PCR and western blotting. Neuronal damage was detected using CCK8, LDH, and flow cytometry assays. RESULTS HCA2-/- increases mice susceptibility to dopaminergic neuronal injury, motor deficits, and inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, HCA2 activation in microglia promotes anti-inflammatory microglia and inhibits pro-inflammatory microglia by activating AKT/PPARγ and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways. Further, HCA2 activation in microglia attenuates microglial activation-mediated neuronal injury. Moreover, nicotinic acid (NA), a specific agonist of HCA2, alleviated dopaminergic neuronal injury and motor deficits in PD mice by activating HCA2 in microglia in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Niacin receptor HCA2 modulates microglial phenotype to inhibit neurodegeneration in LPS-induced in vivo and in vitro models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dewei He
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bojian Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hefei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyu Gao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Lin T, Zhang S, Yue X, Liu X, Wu C, Liang Y, Zeng X, Ren M, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Niacin/β-hydroxybutyrate regulates milk fat and milk protein synthesis via the GPR109A/G i/mTORC1 pathway. Food Funct 2023; 14:2642-2656. [PMID: 36866679 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial receptor of BHBA and niacin, GPR109A is largely expressed in the mammary gland. However, the role of GPR109A in milk synthesis and its underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, we first investigated the effect of GPR109A agonists (niacin/BHBA) on milk fat and milk protein synthesis in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line (HC11) and PMECs (porcine mammary epithelial cells). The results showed that both niacin and BHBA promote milk fat and milk protein synthesis with the activation of mTORC1 signaling. Importantly, knockdown GPR109A attenuated the niacin-induced increase of milk fat and protein synthesis and the niacin-induced activation of mTORC1 signaling. Furthermore, we found that GPR109A downstream G protein-Gαi and -Gβγ participated in the regulation of milk synthesis and the activation of mTORC1 signaling. Consistent with the finding in vitro, dietary supplementation with niacin increases milk fat and protein synthesis in mice with the activation of GPR109A-mTORC1 signaling. Collectively, GPR109A agonists promote the synthesis of milk fat and milk protein through the GPR109A/Gi/mTORC1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Tongbin Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shuchang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xianhuai Yue
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - XingHong Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Caichi Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yunyi Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Fengyang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carretta MD, Creutzburg P, Borquez K, Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Rivera A, Burgos RA. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) agonists induce NET formation and MMP-9 release from bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104562. [PMID: 36183839 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Periparturient cows are commonly fed diets supplemented with Niacin (nicotinic acid, NA) because of its anti-lipolytic properties. NA confers its anti-lipolytic effects by activating the hydroxycarboxylic acid 2 receptor (HCA2). HCA2 is also activated by the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and circulating BHB levels are elevated in postpartum dairy cows. The HCA2 receptor is highly expressed in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and could link metabolic and innate immune responses in cattle. We investigated how HCA2 agonists affected bovine PMN function in vitro. We studied different PMN responses, such as granule release, surface expression of CD11b and CD47, generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and apoptosis. NA, BHB, and 4,4aR,5,5aR-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa [4,5] cyclopenta [1,2-c] pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (MK-1903) treatment triggered the release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a component of the tertiary granule, from neutrophils. Additionally, all HCA2 agonists induced NETs formation but did not affect surface expression of CD11b and CD47. Finally, none of the HCA2 agonists triggered apoptosis in bovine PMN. This information will give new insights into the potential role of the HCA2 receptor in the bovine innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniella Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile.
| | - Paz Creutzburg
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Katherine Borquez
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Andrés Rivera
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustin Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan B, Liu M, Luo S, Qu Q, Zhu M, Wang Z, Zhang X, Xie G, Li B, Wang W. ETEC regulates GPR109A expression in intestinal epithelial cells mediated by inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages. Res Vet Sci 2023; 154:15-21. [PMID: 36403332 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbes control host immunity and homeostasis, and their abnormal changes are associated with the occurrence and development of diseases. GPR109A is an essential receptor on intestinal epithelial cells and interacts with gut microbes. Moreover, increased Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 strain colonization promotes GPR109A expression in vivo. This study evaluated the detailed mechanism of pathogenic bacteria promoting GPR109A expression. The results revealed that ETEC K88 indirectly fosters GPR109A expression in intestinal epithelial cells by stimulating the production of IL-1β and TNF-α through macrophages which are mediated by ERK1/2 pathway. The study explains the molecular mechanisms by which the bacteria regulate the homeostasis of the host intestinal gene expression during ETEC infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Yuan
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Siyuan Luo
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Qing Qu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Gaijie Xie
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Bai Li
- First clinical hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fu K, Sun Y, Wang J, Cao R. Tanshinone IIa alleviates LPS-induced oxidative stress in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells by activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:149-155. [PMID: 36027684 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mastitis is the most prevalent disease in dairy cows worldwide. Evidence has emerged that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of mastitis. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative effects of tanshinone IIa (Tan IIa) on LPS-induced oxidative stress in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (CMECs). METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the levels of ROS and MDA in LPS-treated CMECs after supplementation with Tan IIa using detection kits and found that Tan IIa significantly inhibited the upregulation of these factors. In addition, we also found that Tan IIa significantly reversed the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by LPS. Moreover, Tan IIa improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which were decreased by LPS. Finally, we examined the probable pathway in which Tan IIa exerted its antioxidant effects using qPCR and western blotting and found that Tan IIa significantly activated the Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Tan IIa might become a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of dairy cow mastitis by weakening oxidative stress induced by LPS in CMECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Fu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
| | - Yuning Sun
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China; Qingdao Hengxing University of Science and Technology, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peng J, He Q, Li S, Liu T, Zhang J. Hydrogen-Rich Water Mitigates LPS-Induced Chronic Intestinal Inflammatory Response in Rats via Nrf-2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Vet Sci 2022; 9:621. [PMID: 36356098 PMCID: PMC9692594 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to low-dose lipopolysaccharide can impair intestinal barriers, causing intestinal inflammation and leading to systemic inflammation. Hydrogen-rich water possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions and exerts inhibitory effects on various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether oral hydrogen-rich water could prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic intestinal inflammation. An experimental model was established by feeding hydrogen-rich water, followed by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (200 μg/kg) in the tail vein of rats after seven months. ELISA, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other methods were used to detect related cytokines, proteins related to the NF-κB and Nrf-2 signaling pathways, and tight-junction proteins to study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of hydrogen-rich water. The obtained results show that hydrogen-rich water significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and structural proteins; activated the Nrf-2 signaling pathway; downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors cyclooxygenase-2, myeloperoxidase, and ROS; and decreased the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that hydrogen-rich water could protect against chronic intestinal inflammation in rats caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by regulating the Nrf-2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Peng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Qi He
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Shuaichen Li
- Institute for Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tao Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan J, Jia F, Liu Y, Zhou X. Astragalus polysaccharides and astragaloside IV alleviate inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271598. [PMID: 35877777 PMCID: PMC9312414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates cell renewal and repair and is closely associated with inflammation. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and astragaloside IV (AS-IV), which are the main active substances extracted from Radix Astragali, protect cells by regulating Wnt signaling in cells, exerting antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antistress effects. However, the mechanisms by which APS and AS-IV interact with Wnt signaling to achieve their therapeutic effects in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are not understood. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BMECs as an in vitro model of inflammation to investigate the effects of APS and AS-IV on Wnt signaling in inflamed BMECs. Drug concentrations were screened using the CCK-8 method, the effect on protein expression was analyzed using immunoblotting, the effect on inflammatory factors using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the effect on oxidative factors using enzyme labeling and flow cytometry. LPS activated the expression of inflammatory and oxidative factors in cells and inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling. APS and AS-IV antagonized the inhibitory effect of LPS, protecting BMECs. They inhibited the expression of the IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α inflammatory factors, and that of the MDA oxidative factor, and activated Wnt signaling in LPS-stimulated BMECs. Silencing of β-catenin abolished the protective effect of APS and AS-IV against LPS-stimulated BMECs. Thus, APS and AS-IV mediate protective effects in inflammatory BMECs model through activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling pathway is one of the targets of the inhibitory effects of APS and AS-IV on inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Fang Jia
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xuezhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Xu Y, Chen B, Zhao B, Gao XJ. Selenium Deficiency Promotes Oxidative Stress-Induced Mastitis via Activating the NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in Dairy Cow. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2716-2726. [PMID: 34455543 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an antioxidant and immunomodulator that can participate in the control of specific endocrine pathways. Disturbance of redox homeostasis is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Se is also an important nutrient element for dairy cows. First, oxidative stress (OS) induced by Se deficiency was investigated along with a possible mechanism of its induction of mammary gland inflammation. This investigation used in vivo and in vitro experiments for verification. Once the OS response was triggered, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was reduced by regulation of the concentration of Se, which led to the accumulation of ROS. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretion was promoted to activate the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. This process further promoted the accumulation of cytokines that aggravated the inflammatory response. Herein, it was verified that Se deficiency induces OS, which leads to ROS accumulation and the secretion of inflammatory factors to activate the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and promote the occurrence of mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhe Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chang R, Sun X, Jia H, Xu Q, Dong Z, Tang Y, Luo S, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Xu C. Inhibiting nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2-mediated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells induces oxidative stress in response to exogenous fatty acids. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 35397612 PMCID: PMC8994900 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In early lactation, bovine mammary epithelial cells undergo serious metabolic challenges and oxidative stress both of which could be alleviated by activation of autophagy. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NFE2L2), a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy and oxidative stress. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of NFE2L2-mediated autophagy on oxidative stress of bovine mammary epithelial cells in response to exogenous free fatty acids (FFA).
Results
Exogenous FFA induced linear and quadratic decreases in activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increases in the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Protein abundance of LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II) and the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes decreased in a dose-dependent manner, while protein abundance of p62 increased in cells challenged with FFA. Activation of autophagy via pre-treatment with Rap attenuated the FFA-induced ROS accumulation. Importantly, FFA inhibited protein abundance of NFE2L2 and the translocation of NFE2L2 into the nucleus. Knockdown of NFE2L2 by siRNA decreased protein abundance of LC3-II, while it increased protein abundance of p62. Furthermore, sulforaphane (SFN) pre-treatment attenuated the FFA-induced oxidative stress by activating NFE2L2-mediated autophagy.
Conclusions
The data suggested that NFE2L2-mediated autophagy is an important antioxidant mechanism in bovine mammary epithelial cells experiencing increased FFA loads.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu S, Guo W, Jia Y, Ye B, Liu S, Fu S, Liu J, Hu G. Menthol Targeting AMPK Alleviates the Inflammatory Response of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells and Restores the Synthesis of Milk Fat and Milk Protein. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782989. [PMID: 35003099 PMCID: PMC8727745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases that causes losses in the dairy industry, seriously impairing milk production and milk quality, and even affecting human health. Menthol is a cyclic monoterpene compound obtained from the stem and leaves of peppermint, which has a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of menthol on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in primary bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) and its anti-inflammatory mechanism. First, BMECs were isolated and amplified from the udders of Holstein cows by enzymatic hydrolysis. BMECs were treated with menthol (10, 50, 100, 200 μM) for 1h, followed by lipopolysaccharide (5μg/ml) for 12 h. Lipopolysaccharide treatment upregulated the protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and the mRNA abundance of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), while menthol was able to inhibit this effect. The inhibitory effect of menthol on proinflammatory factors was significantly reduced when autophagy was blocked using 3-Methyladenine (5μg/ml), an inhibitor of autophagy. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide treatment reduced the expression levels of milk lipids and milk proteins, which were inhibited by menthol. In addition, menthol (200 μM) treatment was able to significantly upregulate the expression level of autophagy-related protein LC3B, downregulate the expression level of P62, promote the expression abundance of autophagy-related gene mRNA, and enhance significantly enhance autophagic flux. Interestingly, treatment of BMECs with menthol (200 μM) promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and unc-51 like kinase 1 (ULK1) and increased the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-E2 associated factor 2 (Nrf-2). When the AMPK pathway was blocked using compound C (10μg/ml), an inhibitor of AMPK, autophagy was significantly inhibited. Autophagy levels were significantly decreased after blocking the Nrf-2 pathway using ML385 (5μg/ml), an inhibitor of Nrf-2. Overall, the data suggest that menthol activates the AMPK-ULK1 pathway to initiate the onset of autophagy and maintains the level of autophagy through the AMPK-Nrf-2 pathway. In conclusion, the findings suggest that menthol may alleviate the inflammatory response in BMECs via the AMPK/ULK1/Nrf-2/autophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxi Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Application Demonstration Center of Precision Medicine Molecular Diagnosis, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bojian Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Guiqiu Hu,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guo W, Li W, Su Y, Liu S, Kan X, Ran X, Cao Y, Fu S, Liu J. GPR109A alleviate mastitis and enhances the blood milk barrier by activating AMPK/Nrf2 and autophagy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4271-4284. [PMID: 34803497 PMCID: PMC8579459 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis causes great psychological and physical pain among women. Our previous studies found that niacin has anti-inflammatory effect, and the realization of this function depends on GPR109A. However, there are no previous reports about the anti-inflammatory function of GPR109A in mastitis. In our study, we observed the effect of niacin on the WT and GPR109A-/- mice mastitis model. The results showed that administration of niacin to WT mice reduced the damage, proinflammatory mediators and protected the integrity of the blood milk barrier in mammary gland. While in GPR109A-/- mice, there was no effect on the above indexes. In mammary epithelial cells, GPR109A was able to promote autophagy and Nrf2 nuclear import through AMPK. In LPS-induced mammary epithelial cells, niacin inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response and downregulation of tight junction proteins, and these effects were eliminated by knocking down GPR109A, blocking autophagy or inhibiting Nrf2 nuclear import. These results indicate that in mastitis, GPR109A promotes autophagy and Nrf2 nuclear import through AMPK, thereby inhibiting inflammatory damage to the mammary gland and repairing the blood milk barrier. Our results suggested that GPR109A may be a potential target for the treatment of mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yingchun Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xingchi Kan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin Ran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang JP, Hu QC, Yang J, Luoreng ZM, Wang XP, Ma Y, Wei DW. Differential Expression Profiles of lncRNA Following LPS-Induced Inflammation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:758488. [PMID: 34778437 PMCID: PMC8589037 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory response of mammary glands caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). As a key virulence factor of E. coli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers innate immune responses via activation of the toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. However, the molecular regulatory network of LPS-induced bovine mastitis has yet to be fully mapped. In this study, bovine mammary epithelial cell lines MAC-T were exposed to LPS for 0, 6 and 12 h to assess the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) using RNA-seq. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were filtered out of the raw data for subsequent analyses. A total of 2,257 lncRNAs, including 210 annotated and 2047 novel lncRNAs were detected in all samples. A large proportion of lncRNAs were present in a high abundance, and 112 DElncRNAs were screened out at different time points. Compared with 0 h, there were 22 up- and 25 down-regulated lncRNAs in the 6 h of post-infection (hpi) group, and 27 up- and 22 down-regulated lncRNAs in the 12 hpi group. Compared with the 6 hpi group, 32 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 25 lncRNAs were down-regulated in the 12 hpi group. These DElncRNAs are involved in the regulation of a variety of immune-related processes including inflammatory responses bMECs exposed to LPS. Furthermore, lncRNA TCONS_00039271 and TCONS_00139850 were respectively significance down- and up-regulated, and their target genes involve in regulating inflammation-related signaling pathways (i.e.,Notch, NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K-Akt and mTOR signaling pathway), thereby regulating the occurrence and development of E. coli mastitis. This study provides a resource for lncRNA research on the molecular regulation of bovine mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qi-Chao Hu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuo-Ma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xing-Ping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Da-Wei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Cao Y, Fu S, Li W, Ge Y, Cheng J, Liu J. Niacin inhibits the synthesis of milk fat in BMECs through the GPR109A-mediated downstream signalling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 260:118415. [PMID: 32918974 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have shown the effect of niacin on dairy cow production, but no study on the role of niacin in milk fat synthesis has been performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of niacin on milk fat synthesis and its specific mechanism in BMECs. MAIN METHODS In this study, 0.5 mM niacin, a GPR109A-inhibiting plasmid, and an AMPK inhibitor were added to BMECs. Milk fat was measured by a triglyceride kit and BODIPY staining. The protein expression of GPR109A, FASN, SREBP1, AMPK, ACC, mTOR and S6K was measured by Western blotting. The gene expression of GPR109A, FASN, and SREBP1 was analysed by RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that 0.5 mM niacin could significantly reduce milk fat synthesis in BMECs and activate the AMPK/ACC signalling pathway by stimulating GPR109A, reducing the protein expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K, and reducing the expression of SREBP1 and FASN in BMECs. SIGNIFICANCE The present study clarified the effect of niacin on milk fat synthesis. The results show that niacin inhibits the synthesis of milk fat in BMECs through the downstream signalling pathway mediated by GPR109A. The function of niacin has been expanded, and knowledge of the new mechanism and signalling pathway will help improve the biosynthesis of milk fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yusong Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|