1
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Kim HD, Wei J, Call T, Ma X, Quintus NT, Summers AJ, Carotenuto S, Johnson R, Nguyen A, Cui Y, Park JG, Qiu S, Ferguson D. SIRT1 Coordinates Transcriptional Regulation of Neural Activity and Modulates Depression-Like Behaviors in the Nucleus Accumbens. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:495-505. [PMID: 38575105 PMCID: PMC11338727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression and anxiety disorders are significant causes of disability and socioeconomic burden. Despite the prevalence and considerable impact of these affective disorders, their pathophysiology remains elusive. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics for these conditions. We evaluated the role of SIRT1 in regulating dysfunctional processes of reward by using chronic social defeat stress to induce depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Chronic social defeat stress induces physiological and behavioral changes that recapitulate depression-like symptomatology and alters gene expression programs in the nucleus accumbens, but cell type-specific changes in this critical structure remain largely unknown. METHODS We examined transcriptional profiles of D1-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) lacking deacetylase activity of SIRT1 by RNA sequencing in a cell type-specific manner using the RiboTag line of mice. We analyzed differentially expressed genes using gene ontology tools including SynGO and EnrichR and further demonstrated functional changes in D1-MSN-specific SIRT1 knockout (KO) mice using electrophysiological and behavioral measurements. RESULTS RNA sequencing revealed altered transcriptional profiles of D1-MSNs lacking functional SIRT1 and showed specific changes in synaptic genes including glutamatergic and GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) receptors in D1-MSNs. These molecular changes may be associated with decreased excitatory and increased inhibitory neural activity in Sirt1 KO D1-MSNs, accompanied by morphological changes. Moreover, the D1-MSN-specific Sirt1 KO mice exhibited proresilient changes in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 coordinates excitatory and inhibitory synaptic genes to regulate the GABAergic output tone of D1-MSNs. These findings reveal a novel signaling pathway that has potential for the development of innovative treatments for affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Dae Kim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Tanessa Call
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Nicole Teru Quintus
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Alexander J Summers
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Samantha Carotenuto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ross Johnson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Angel Nguyen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jin G Park
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Deveroux Ferguson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona.
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2
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Liu X, Xie H, Liu W, Zuo J, Li S, Tian Y, Zhao J, Bai M, Li J, Bao L, Han J, Zhang ZC. Dynamic regulation of alternative polyadenylation by PQBP1 during neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114525. [PMID: 39037895 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a critical post-transcriptional process that generates mRNA isoforms with distinct 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs), thereby regulating mRNA localization, stability, and translational efficiency. Cell-type-specific APA extensively shapes the diversity of the cellular transcriptome, particularly during cell fate transition. Despite its recognized significance, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing cell-type-specific APA remain unclear. In this study, we uncover PQBP1 as an emerging APA regulator that actively maintains cell-specific APA profiles in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and delicately manages the equilibrium between NPC proliferation and differentiation. Multi-omics analysis shows that PQBP1 directly interacts with the upstream UGUA elements, impeding the recruitment of the CFIm complex and influencing polyadenylation site selection within genes associated with the cell cycle. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PQBP1 orchestrates dynamic APA changes during neurogenesis, providing valuable insights into the precise regulation of cell-type-specific APA and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | | | - Meizhu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Junhai Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Zi Chao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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3
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Chrószcz M, Hajto J, Misiołek K, Szumiec Ł, Ziemiańska M, Radlicka-Borysewska A, Borczyk M, Zięba M, Gołda S, Siwiec M, Ziółkowska B, Piechota M, Korostyński M, Rodriguez Parkitna J. μ-Opioid receptor transcriptional variants in the murine forebrain and spinal cord. Gene 2024:148890. [PMID: 39187136 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Oprm1, the gene encoding the μ-opioid receptor, has multiple reported transcripts, with a variable 3' region and many alternative sequences encoding the C-terminus of the protein. The functional implications of this variability remain mostly unexplored, though a recurring notion is that it could be exploited by developing selective ligands with improved clinical profiles. Here, we comprehensively examined Oprm1 transcriptional variants in the murine central nervous system, using long-read RNAseq as well as spatial and single-cell transcriptomics. The results were validated with RNAscope in situ hybridization. We found a mismatch between transcripts annotated in the mouse genome (GRCm38/mm10) and the RNA-seq results. Sequencing data indicated that the primary Oprm1 transcript has a 3' terminus located on chr10:6,860,027, which is ∼ 9.5 kilobases downstream of the longest annotated exon 4 end. Long-read sequencing confirmed that the final Oprm1 exon included a 10.2 kilobase long 3' untranslated region, and the presence of the long variant was unambiguously confirmed using RNAscope in situ hybridization in the thalamus, striatum, cortex and spinal cord. Conversely, expression of the Oprm1 reference transcript or alternative transcripts of the Oprm1 gene was absent or close to the detection limit. Thus, the primary transcript of the Oprm1 mouse gene is a variant with a long 3' untranslated region, which is homologous to the human OPRM1 primary transcript and encodes the same conserved C-terminal amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chrószcz
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Hajto
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Misiołek
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szumiec
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ziemiańska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Radlicka-Borysewska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Zięba
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sławomir Gołda
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwiec
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Ziółkowska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Ozbulut HC, Hilgers V. Neuronal RNA processing: cross-talk between transcriptional regulation and RNA-binding proteins. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1426410. [PMID: 39149613 PMCID: PMC11324583 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1426410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system, alternative RNA processing is particularly prevalent, which results in the expression of thousands of transcript variants found in no other tissue. Neuron-specific RNA-binding proteins co-transcriptionally regulate alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, and RNA editing, thereby shaping the RNA identity of nervous system cells. Recent evidence suggests that interactions between RNA-binding proteins and cis-regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers play a role in the determination of neuron-specific expression profiles. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms through which transcription and RNA processing cross-talk to generate the uniquely complex neuronal transcriptome, with a focus on alternative 3'-end formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Can Ozbulut
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwig University, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics, and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valérie Hilgers
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Huang M, Liu YU, Yao X, Qin D, Su H. Variability in SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: geographic patterns, clinical heterogeneity, molecular alterations, and therapeutic implications. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38811997 PMCID: PMC11138100 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, resulting in global health burden and limited post-diagnosis life expectancy. Although primarily sporadic, familial ALS (fALS) cases suggest a genetic basis. This review focuses on SOD1, the first gene found to be associated with fALS, which has been more recently confirmed by genome sequencing. While informative, databases such as ALSoD and STRENGTH exhibit regional biases. Through a systematic global examination of SOD1 mutations from 1993 to 2023, we found different geographic distributions and clinical presentations. Even though different SOD1 variants are expressed at different protein levels and have different half-lives and dismutase activities, these alterations lead to loss of function that is not consistently correlated with disease severity. Gain of function of toxic aggregates of SOD1 resulting from mutated SOD1 has emerged as one of the key contributors to ALS. Therapeutic interventions specifically targeting toxic gain of function of mutant SOD1, including RNA interference and antibodies, show promise, but a cure remains elusive. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on SOD1-associated ALS and describes molecular features and the complex genetic landscape of SOD1, highlighting its importance in determining diverse clinical manifestations observed in ALS patients and emphasizing the need for personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaodan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yong U Liu
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology in Health and Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510799, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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6
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Pelletier OB, Brunori G, Wang Y, Robishaw JD. Post-transcriptional regulation and subcellular localization of G-protein γ7 subunit: implications for striatal function and behavioral responses to cocaine. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1394659. [PMID: 38764487 PMCID: PMC11100332 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1394659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The striatal D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) and A2a adenosine receptor (A2aR) signaling pathways play important roles in drug-related behaviors. These receptors activate the Golf protein comprised of a specific combination of αolfβ2γ7 subunits. During assembly, the γ7 subunit sets the cellular level of the Golf protein. In turn, the amount of Golf protein determines the collective output from both D1R and A2aR signaling pathways. This study shows the Gng7 gene encodes multiple γ7 transcripts differing only in their non-coding regions. In striatum, Transcript 1 is the predominant isoform. Preferentially expressed in the neuropil, Transcript 1 is localized in dendrites where it undergoes post-transcriptional regulation mediated by regulatory elements in its 3' untranslated region that contribute to translational suppression of the γ7 protein. Earlier studies on gene-targeted mice demonstrated loss of γ7 protein disrupts assembly of the Golf protein. In the current study, morphological analysis reveals the loss of the Golf protein is associated with altered dendritic morphology of medium spiny neurons. Finally, behavioral analysis of conditional knockout mice with cell-specific deletion of the γ7 protein in distinct populations of medium spiny neurons reveals differential roles of the Golf protein in mediating behavioral responses to cocaine. Altogether, these findings provide a better understanding of the regulation of γ7 protein expression, its impact on Golf function, and point to a new potential target and mechanisms for treating addiction and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver B. Pelletier
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Gloria Brunori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Yingcai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Janet D. Robishaw
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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7
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Hacisuleyman E, Hale CR, Noble N, Luo JD, Fak JJ, Saito M, Chen J, Weissman JS, Darnell RB. Neuronal activity rapidly reprograms dendritic translation via eIF4G2:uORF binding. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:822-835. [PMID: 38589584 PMCID: PMC11088998 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Learning and memory require activity-induced changes in dendritic translation, but which mRNAs are involved and how they are regulated are unclear. In this study, to monitor how depolarization impacts local dendritic biology, we employed a dendritically targeted proximity labeling approach followed by crosslinking immunoprecipitation, ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry. Depolarization of primary cortical neurons with KCl or the glutamate agonist DHPG caused rapid reprogramming of dendritic protein expression, where changes in dendritic mRNAs and proteins are weakly correlated. For a subset of pre-localized messages, depolarization increased the translation of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and their downstream coding sequences, enabling localized production of proteins involved in long-term potentiation, cell signaling and energy metabolism. This activity-dependent translation was accompanied by the phosphorylation and recruitment of the non-canonical translation initiation factor eIF4G2, and the translated uORFs were sufficient to confer depolarization-induced, eIF4G2-dependent translational control. These studies uncovered an unanticipated mechanism by which activity-dependent uORF translational control by eIF4G2 couples activity to local dendritic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Hacisuleyman
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Caryn R Hale
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Noble
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John J Fak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Misa Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Altos Labs, Bay Area Institute of Science, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Rahimi A, Sameei P, Mousavi S, Ghaderi K, Hassani A, Hassani S, Alipour S. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 System in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04143-2. [PMID: 38639864 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's are some of the most common neurological disorders, which affect millions of people worldwide. Although there have been many treatments for these diseases, there are still no effective treatments to treat or completely stop these disorders. Perhaps the lack of proper treatment for these diseases can be related to various reasons, but the poor results related to recent clinical research also prompted doctors to look for new treatment approaches. In this regard, various researchers from all over the world have provided many new treatments, one of which is CRISPR/Cas9. Today, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is mostly used for genetic modifications in various species. In addition, by using the abilities available in the CRISPR/Cas9 system, researchers can either remove or modify DNA sequences, which in this way can establish a suitable and useful treatment method for the treatment of genetic diseases that have undergone mutations. We conducted a non-systematic review of articles and study results from various databases, including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, in recent years. and have investigated new treatment methods in neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on Alzheimer's disease. Then, in the following sections, the treatment methods were classified into three groups: anti-tau, anti-amyloid, and anti-APOE regimens. Finally, we discussed various applications of the CRISPR/Cas-9 system in Alzheimer's disease. Today, using CRISPR/Cas-9 technology, scientists create Alzheimer's disease models that have a more realistic phenotype and reveal the processes of pathogenesis; following the screening of defective genes, they establish treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araz Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parsa Sameei
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sana Mousavi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kimia Ghaderi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amin Hassani
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University Medical Sciences (UMSU), Urmia, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Shahriar Alipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University Medical Sciences (UMSU), Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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9
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Kumar NH, Kluever V, Barth E, Krautwurst S, Furlan M, Pelizzola M, Marz M, Fornasiero EF. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis reveals altered mRNA splicing and post-transcriptional changes in the aged mouse brain. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2865-2885. [PMID: 38471806 PMCID: PMC11014377 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of molecular changes during brain aging is essential to mitigate cognitive decline and delay neurodegenerative diseases. The interpretation of mRNA alterations during brain aging is influenced by the health and age of the animal cohorts studied. Here, we carefully consider these factors and provide an in-depth investigation of mRNA splicing and dynamics in the aging mouse brain, combining short- and long-read sequencing technologies with extensive bioinformatic analyses. Our findings encompass a spectrum of age-related changes, including differences in isoform usage, decreased mRNA dynamics and a module showing increased expression of neuronal genes. Notably, our results indicate a reduced abundance of mRNA isoforms leading to nonsense-mediated RNA decay and suggest a regulatory role for RNA-binding proteins, indicating that their regulation may be altered leading to the reshaping of the aged brain transcriptome. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of studying mRNA splicing events during brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Hemandhar Kumar
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Kluever
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emanuel Barth
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krautwurst
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mattia Furlan
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Pelizzola
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Manja Marz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, FLI, Beutenbergstraße 11, Jena 07743, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Friedrich Schiller University, Leutragraben 1, Jena 07743, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Michael Stifel Center Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, Jena 07743, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University, Fuerstengraben 1, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Eugenio F Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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10
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Li M, Ding Y, Tuersong T, Chen L, Zhang ML, Li T, Feng SM, Guo Q. Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240925. [PMID: 38584846 PMCID: PMC10997002 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the expression profiles of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) involved in human fetal skin development via high-throughput sequencing to explore the expression difference and the regulatory role of miRNA in different stages of fetal skin development. Analysis of expression profiles of miRNAs involved collecting embryo samples via high-throughput sequencing, then bioinformatics analyses were performed to validate DEmiRNAs. A total of 363 miRNAs were differentially expressed during the early and mid-pregnancy of development, and upregulated DEmiRNAs were mainly concentrated in the let-7 family. The transfection of let-7b-5p slowed down HaCaT cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, as evidenced by the cell counting kit-8 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. The double luciferin reporter assay also confirmed let-7b-5p and ΔNp63 downregulation through the combination with the 3'-untranslated region of ΔNp63. Moreover, treatment with a let-7b-5p inhibitor upregulated ΔNp63 and activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. The let-7b-5p caused a converse effect on HaCaT cells because of Np63 upregulation. Let-7b-5p regulates skin development by targeting ΔNp63 via PI3K-AKT signaling, contributing to future studies on skin development and clinical scar-free healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tayier Tuersong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Long Chen
- Functional Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mei-Lin Zhang
- Xinjiang Urumqi City Center Blood Station, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shu-Mei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Suntech North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Suntech North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
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11
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Wang X, Leung FS, Bush JO, Conti M. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation of the Ccnb1 mRNA defines accumulation of cyclin protein during the meiotic cell cycle. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1258-1271. [PMID: 38048302 PMCID: PMC10853788 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression through the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle is driven by fluctuations in the levels of cyclins, the regulatory subunits controlling the localization and activity of CDK1 kinases. Cyclin levels are regulated through a precise balance of synthesis and degradation. Here we demonstrate that the synthesis of Cyclin B1 during the oocyte meiotic cell cycle is defined by the selective translation of mRNA variants generated through alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA). Using gene editing in mice, we introduced mutations into the proximal and distal polyadenylation elements of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the Ccnb1 mRNA. Through in vivo loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrate that the translation of mRNA with a short 3' UTR specifies Cyclin B1 protein levels that set the timing of meiotic re-entry. In contrast, translation directed by a long 3' UTR is necessary to direct Cyclin B1 protein accumulation during the MI/MII transition. These findings establish that the progression through the cell cycle is dependent on the selective translation of multiple mRNA variants generated by APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wang
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Fang-Shiuan Leung
- USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey O Bush
- USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marco Conti
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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12
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Kuang H, Li Y, Wang Y, Shi M, Duan R, Xiao Q, She H, Liu Y, Liang Q, Teng Y, Zhou M, Liang D, Li Z, Wu L. A homozygous variant in INTS11 links mitosis and neurogenesis defects to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113445. [PMID: 37980560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The INTS11 endonuclease is crucial in modulating gene expression and has only recently been linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, how INTS11 participates in human development and disease remains unclear. Here, we identify a homozygous INTS11 variant in two siblings with a severe NDD. The variant impairs INTS11 catalytic activity, supported by its substrate's accumulation, and causes G2/M arrest in patient cells with length-dependent dysregulation of genes involved in mitosis and neural development, including the NDD gene CDKL5. The mutant knockin (KI) in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) disturbs their mitotic spindle organization and thus leads to slow proliferation and increased apoptosis, possibly through the decreased neurally functional CDKL5-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibition. The generation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from the mutant iPSCs is also delayed, with long transcript loss concerning neurogenesis. Our work reveals a mechanism underlying INTS11 dysfunction-caused human NDD and provides an iPSC model for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhe Kuang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Meizhen Shi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ranhui Duan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Haoyuan She
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yingdi Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Qiaowei Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yanling Teng
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Miaojin Zhou
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha 410000, China.
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13
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Zhang Q, Weng W, Gu X, Xiang J, Yang Y, Zhu MX, Gu W, He Z, Li Y. hnRNPA1 SUMOylation promotes cold hypersensitivity in chronic inflammatory pain by stabilizing TRPA1 mRNA. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113401. [PMID: 37943660 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPA1 is pivotal in cold hypersensitivity, but its regulatory mechanisms in inflammatory cold hyperalgesia remain poorly understood. We show here that the upregulation of SUMO1-conjugated protein levels in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain model enhances TRPA1 mRNA stability, ultimately leading to increased expression levels. We further demonstrate that hnRNPA1 binds to TRPA1 mRNA, and its SUMOylation, upregulated in CFA-induced inflammatory pain, contributes to stabilizing TRPA1 mRNA by accumulating hnRNPA1 in the cytoplasm. Moreover, we find that wild-type hnRNPA1 viral infection in dorsal root ganglia neurons, and not infection with the SUMOylation-deficient hnRNPA1 mutant, can rescue the reduced ability of hnRNPA1-knockdown mice to develop inflammatory cold pain hypersensitivity. These results suggest that hnRNPA1 is a regulator of TRPA1 mRNA stability, the capability of which is enhanced upon SUMO1 conjugation at lysine 3 in response to peripheral inflammation, and the increased expression of TRPA1 in turn underlies the development of chronic inflammatory cold pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaokun Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinhua Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Zhenzhou He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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14
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Sacco JC, Starr E, Weaver A, Dietz R, Spocter MA. Resequencing of the TMF-1 (TATA Element Modulatory Factor) regulated protein (TRNP1) gene in domestic and wild canids. Canine Med Genet 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 37968761 PMCID: PMC10647097 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical folding is related to the functional organization of the brain. The TMF-1 regulated protein (TRNP1) regulates the expansion and folding of the mammalian cerebral cortex, a process that may have been accelerated by the domestication of dogs. The objectives of this study were to sequence the TRNP1 gene in dogs and related canid species, provide evidence of its expression in dog brain and compare the genetic variation within dogs and across the Canidae. The gene was located in silico to dog chromosome 2. The sequence was experimentally confirmed by amplifying and sequencing the TRNP1 exonic and promoter regions in 72 canids (36 purebred dogs, 20 Gy wolves and wolf-dog hybrids, 10 coyotes, 5 red foxes and 1 Gy fox). RESULTS A partial TRNP1 transcript was isolated from several regions in the dog brain. Thirty genetic polymorphisms were found in the Canis sp. with 17 common to both dogs and wolves, and only one unique to dogs. Seven polymorphisms were observed only in coyotes. An additional 9 variants were seen in red foxes. Dogs were the least genetically diverse. Several polymorphisms in the promoter and 3'untranslated region were predicted to alter TRNP1 function by interfering with the binding of transcriptional repressors and miRNAs expressed in neural precursors. A c.259_264 deletion variant that encodes a polyalanine expansion was polymorphic in all species studied except for dogs. A stretch of 15 nucleotides that is found in other mammalian sequences (corresponding to 5 amino acids located between Pro58 and Ala59 in the putative dog protein) was absent from the TRNP1 sequences of all 5 canid species sequenced. Both of these aforementioned coding sequence variations were predicted to affect the formation of alpha helices in the disordered region of the TRNP1 protein. CONCLUSIONS Potentially functionally important polymorphisms in the TRNP1 gene are found within and across various Canis species as well as the red fox, and unique differences in protein structure have evolved and been conserved in the Canidae compared to all other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Sacco
- Ellis Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, 50311, Des Moines, IA, USA.
| | - Emma Starr
- Ellis Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, 50311, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Alyssa Weaver
- Ellis Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, 50311, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Rachel Dietz
- Ellis Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, 50311, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Muhammad A Spocter
- Department of Anatomy, Des Moines University, 50266, Des Moines, IA, USA
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15
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Dorrity TJ, Shin H, Wiegand KA, Aruda J, Closser M, Jung E, Gertie JA, Leone A, Polfer R, Culbertson B, Yu L, Wu C, Ito T, Huang Y, Steckelberg AL, Wichterle H, Chung H. Long 3'UTRs predispose neurons to inflammation by promoting immunostimulatory double-stranded RNA formation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg2979. [PMID: 37862432 PMCID: PMC11056275 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Loss of RNA homeostasis underlies numerous neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger neuroinflammation are poorly understood. Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers innate immune responses when sensed by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present in all cell types. Here, we report that human neurons intrinsically carry exceptionally high levels of immunostimulatory dsRNAs and identify long 3'UTRs as giving rise to neuronal dsRNA structures. We found that the neuron-enriched ELAVL family of genes (ELAVL2, ELAVL3, and ELAVL4) can increase (i) 3'UTR length, (ii) dsRNA load, and (iii) activation of dsRNA-sensing PRRs such as MDA5, PKR, and TLR3. In wild-type neurons, neuronal dsRNAs signaled through PRRs to induce tonic production of the antiviral type I interferon. Depleting ELAVL2 in WT neurons led to global shortening of 3'UTR length, reduced immunostimulatory dsRNA levels, and rendered WT neurons susceptible to herpes simplex virus and Zika virus infection. Neurons deficient in ADAR1, a dsRNA-editing enzyme mutated in the neuroinflammatory disorder Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, exhibited intolerably high levels of dsRNA that triggered PRR-mediated toxic inflammation and neuronal death. Depleting ELAVL2 in ADAR1 knockout neurons led to prolonged neuron survival by reducing immunostimulatory dsRNA levels. In summary, neurons are specialized cells where PRRs constantly sense "self" dsRNAs to preemptively induce protective antiviral immunity, but maintaining RNA homeostasis is paramount to prevent pathological neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Dorrity
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heegwon Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenenni A. Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Aruda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Closser
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jake A. Gertie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Leone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Polfer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce Culbertson
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takamasa Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna-Lena Steckelberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hachung Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Muir WM, Lo CL, Bell RL, Zhou FC. Multi-animal-model study reveals mutations in neural plasticity and nociception genes linked to excessive alcohol drinking. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1478-1493. [PMID: 37336636 PMCID: PMC10728351 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basis for familial alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains an enigma due to various biological and societal confounds. The present study used three of the most adopted and documented rat models, combining the alcohol-preferring/non-alcohol-preferring (P/NP) lines and high alcohol-drinking/low alcohol-drinking (HAD/LAD) replicated lines, of AUD as examined through the lens of whole genomic analyses. METHODS We used complete genome sequencing of the P/NP lines and previously published sequences of the HAD/LAD replicates to enhance the discovery of variants associated with AUD and to remove confounding with genetic background and random genetic drift. Specifically, we used high-order statistical methods to search for genetic variants whose frequency changes in whole sets of gene ontologies corresponded with phenotypic changes in the direction of selection, that is, ethanol-drinking preference. RESULTS Our first finding was that in addition to variants causing translational changes, the principal genetic changes associated with drinking predisposition were silent mutations and mutations in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of genes. Neither of these types of mutations alters the amino acid sequence of the translated protein but they influence both the rate and conformation of gene transcription, including its stability and posttranslational events that alter gene efficacy. This finding argues for refocusing human genomic studies on changes in gene efficacy. Among the key ontologies identified were the central genes associated with the Na+ voltage-gated channels of neurons and glia (including the Scn1a, Scn2a, Scn2b, Scn3a, Scn7a, and Scn9a subtypes) and excitatory glutamatergic secretion (including Grm2 and Myo6), both of which are essential in neuroplasticity. In addition, we identified "Nociception or Sensory Perception of Pain," which contained variants in nociception (Arrb1, Ccl3, Ephb1) and enlist sodium (Scn1a, Scn2a, Scn2b, Scn3a, Scn7a), pain activation (Scn9a), and potassium channel (Kcna1) genes. CONCLUSION The multi-model analyses used herein reduced the confounding effects of random drift and the "founders" genetic background. The most differentiated bidirectionally selected genes across all three animal models were Scn9a, Scn1a, and Kcna, all of which are annotated in the nociception ontology. The complexity of neuroplasticity and nociception adds strength to the hypothesis that neuroplasticity and pain (physical or psychological) are prominent phenotypes genetically linked to the development of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Muir
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chiao-Ling Lo
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Richard L. Bell
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Feng C. Zhou
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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17
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Yuan W, Liu W, Zhan X, Zhou Y, Ma R, Liang S, Wang T, Ge Z. Inhibition of miR-221-3p promotes axonal regeneration and repair of primary sensory neurons via regulating p27 expression. Neuroreport 2023; 34:471-484. [PMID: 37161985 PMCID: PMC10292576 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the key microRNA (miRNA) playing a vital role in axonal regeneration with a hostile microenvironment after spinal cord injury. Based on the theory that sciatic nerve conditioning injury (SNCI) could promote the repair of the injured dorsal column. Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened according to the microarray, revealing that 47 known miRNAs were differentially expressed after injury and perhaps involved in nerve regeneration. Among the 47 miRNAs, the expression of miR-221-3p decreased sharply in the SNCI group compared with the simple dorsal column lesion (SDCL) group. Subsequently, it was confirmed that p27 was the target gene of miR-221-3p from luciferase reporter assay. Further, we found that inhibition of miR-221-3p expression could specifically target p27 to upregulate the expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), α-tubulin acetyltransferase (α-TAT1) together with α-tubulin, and advance the regeneration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal axons. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are the main components of glial scar, which can hinder the extension and growth of damaged neuronal axons. After CSPGs were used in this study, the results demonstrated that restrained miR-221-3p expression also via p27 promoted the upregulation of GAP-43, α-TAT1, and α-tubulin and enhanced the axonal growth of DRG neurons. Hence, miR-221-3p could contribute significantly to the regeneration of DRG neurons by specifically regulating p27 in the p27/CDK2/GAP-43 and p27/α-TAT1/α-tubulin pathways even in the inhibitory environment with CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
| | - Xuehua Zhan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Yueyong Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Simin Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, 981st Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Chengde, China
| | - Zhaohui Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
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18
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Zhu D, Feng T, Mo N, Han R, Lu W, Cui Z. Eriocheir sinensis feminization-1c ( Fem-1c) and Its Predicted miRNAs Involved in Sexual Development and Regulation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1813. [PMID: 37889731 PMCID: PMC10251896 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feminization-1c (Fem-1c) is important for sex differentiation in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. In our previous study, the basic molecular characteristics of the Fem-1c gene (EsFem-1c) in Eriocheir sinensis (Henri Milne Edwards, 1854) were cloned to determine the relationship with sex differentiation. In this study, the genomic sequence of EsFem-1c contained five exons and four introns, with an exceptionally long 3'UTR sequence. The qRT-PCR results of EsFem-1c demonstrated lower tissue expression in the androgenic gland of the intersex crab than the normal male crab, implying that EsFem-1c plays a role in crab AG development. RNA interference experiments and morphological observations of juvenile and mature crabs indicated that EsFem-1c influences sexual development in E. sinensis. A dual-luciferase reporter assay disclosed that tcf-miR-315-5p effectively inhibits the translation of the EsFem-1c gene, influencing male development. An intriguing finding was that miRNA tcf-miR-307 could increase EsFem-1c expression by binding to the alternative splicing region with a length of 248 bp (ASR-248) in the 3'UTR sequence. The present research contributes to a better understanding of the molecular regulation mechanism of EsFem-1c and provides a resource for future studies of the miRNA-mediated regulation of sexual development and regulation in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (D.Z.)
| | - Tianyi Feng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (D.Z.)
| | - Nan Mo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (D.Z.)
| | - Rui Han
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (D.Z.)
| | - Wentao Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (D.Z.)
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (D.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- DECAPODA Biology Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222000, China
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19
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Yang L, Huang L, Mu Y, Li K. Characterization of A-to-I Editing in Pigs under a Long-Term High-Energy Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097921. [PMID: 37175634 PMCID: PMC10178050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term high-energy intake has detrimental effects on pig health and elevates the risk of metabolic disease. RNA editing modifying RNA bases in a post-transcriptional process has been extensively studied for model animals. However, less evidence is available that RNA editing plays a role in the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we profiled the A-to-I editing in three tissues and six gut segments and characterized the functional aspect of editing sites in model pigs for metabolic disorders. We detected 64,367 non-redundant A-to-I editing sites across the pig genome, and 20.1% correlated with their located genes' expression. The largest number of A-to-I sites was found in the abdominal aorta with the highest editing levels. The significant difference in editing levels between high-energy induced and control pigs was detected in the abdominal aorta, testis, duodenum, ileum, colon, and cecum. We next focused on 6041 functional A-to-I sites that detected differences or specificity between treatments. We found functional A-to-I sites specifically involved in a tissue-specific manner. Two of them, located in gene SLA-DQB1 and near gene B4GALT5 were found to be shared by three tissues and six gut segments. Although we did not find them enriched in each of the gene features, in correlation analysis, we noticed that functional A-to-I sites were significantly enriched in gene 3'-UTRs. This result indicates, in general, A-to-I editing has the largest potential in the regulation of gene expression through changing the 3'-UTRs' sequence, which is functionally involved in pigs under a long-term high-energy diet. Our work provides valuable knowledge of A-to-I editing sites functionally involved in the development of the metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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Huang P, Wei S, Ren J, Tang Z, Guo M, Situ F, Zhang D, Zhu J, Xiao L, Xu J, Liu G. MicroRNA-124-3p alleviates cerebral ischaemia-induced neuroaxonal damage by enhancing Nrep expression. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106949. [PMID: 36535134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischaemic stroke has a high death rate and frequently results in long-term and severe brain damage in survivors. miRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p) treatment has been suggested to reduce ischaemia and play a vital function in avoiding neuron death. An investigation of the role of miR-124-3p, in the ischaemia damage repair or protection in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model, was the purpose of this research. METHODS The expression of miRNA and mRNA in the MCAO model was predicted using bioinformatics analysis. The OGD/R neuronal model was developed. We examined the influence of a number of compounds on the OGD/R model in vitro using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. RESULTS For starters, miR-124-3p and Nrep level in the MCAO model were found to be lower in the model predicted by bioinformatics than in the sham-operated group. And then in the OGD/R model, miR-124-3p treatment reduced OGD/R neuronal damage, increased neuronal survival, and reduced apoptosis in cell lines. Moreover, we further looked at the impact of miR-124-3p on downstream Rnf38 and Nrep using the OGD/R model. Western blot analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-124-3p binds and inhibits Rnf38. Finally, although Nrep expression was reduced in the OGD/R model neuronal model, it was shown that miR-124-3p administration reduced apoptosis and increased neuronal activity, particularly with regard to axon regeneration-related proteins. CONCLUSION Our studies have shown that miR-124-3p may reduce neuronal injury by preventing Rnf38-mediated effects on the Nrep axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Women and Children Medical Research Center, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; Surgical Department, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Songren Wei
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Ren
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuohong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Mingjuan Guo
- Women and Children Medical Research Center, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Fen Situ
- Surgical Department, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Surgical Department, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jianghua Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Women and Children Medical Research Center, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China.
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21
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Hong D, Jeong S. 3'UTR Diversity: Expanding Repertoire of RNA Alterations in Human mRNAs. Mol Cells 2023; 46:48-56. [PMID: 36697237 PMCID: PMC9880603 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic information stored in the DNA is transcribed to the mRNA and translated to proteins. The 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of the mRNA serve pivotal roles in posttranscriptional gene expression, regulating mRNA stability, translation, and localization. Similar to DNA mutations producing aberrant proteins, RNA alterations expand the transcriptome landscape and change the cellular proteome. Recent global analyses reveal that many genes express various forms of altered RNAs, including 3'UTR length variants. Alternative polyadenylation and alternative splicing are involved in diversifying 3'UTRs, which could act as a hidden layer of eukaryotic gene expression control. In this review, we summarize the functions and regulations of 3'UTRs and elaborate on the generation and functional consequences of 3'UTR diversity. Given that dynamic 3'UTR length control contributes to phenotypic complexity, dysregulated 3'UTR diversity might be relevant to disease development, including cancers. Thus, 3'UTR diversity in cancer could open exciting new research areas and provide avenues for novel cancer theragnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawon Hong
- Laboratory of RNA Cell Biology, Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University Graduate School, Yongin 16892, Korea
| | - Sunjoo Jeong
- Laboratory of RNA Cell Biology, Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University Graduate School, Yongin 16892, Korea
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22
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Wang Y, Wu ZW, Mou Q, Chen L, Fang T, Zhang YQ, Yin Z, Du ZQ, Yang CX. Global 3'-UTRome of porcine immature Sertoli cells altered by acute heat stress. Theriogenology 2023; 196:79-87. [PMID: 36401935 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) affects the composition of cis-elements in 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), to regulate gene expression and localization, and subsequently the downstream biological processes. Acute heat stress could change rapidly the cellular transcriptome, however the underlying molecular changes are less explored. Here, we systematically catalogued the global 3'-UTRome dynamics, by analyzing our previously reported transcriptome sequencing data of porcine immature Sertoli (iST) cells before (Control group), acute heat stress treatment at 43 °C for 0.5h (HS0.5 group), and 36h recovery culture (HS0.5-R36h group) after acute heat stress treatment. After three group comparisons (HS0.5 vs. Control, HS0.5-R36 vs. HS0.5, and HS0.5-R36 vs. Control), DaPars (dynamic analysis of alternative polyadenylation) identified 639, 464 and 290 mRNAs, and APAtrap (a tool to identify APA sites and detect changes of APA site usage) identified 713, 518 and 321 mRNAs, with significantly different 3'-UTRs (Padj.≤0.05), respectively. These genes with different 3'-UTR patterns were mainly enriched in P53, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, HIF-1, apoptosis, PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathways. Further analysis identified that average 3'-UTR lengths of Acss2, Inpp1 and Nr1h4 were more than 140 nt longer (HS0.5-R36 vs. HS0.5), and contained different cis-elements (PAS, CPE and microRNA binding sites). Moreover, Hsp70.2, Inhbb and Dhrs were identified to have extremely different 3'-UTR abundances. Further 3'RACE assays validated several 3'-UTRs of Nr1h4, and RT-qPCR confirmed the abundance changes of different 3'-UTR isoforms for Nr1h4 and Hsp70.2. Our findings provide useful information and resources to further uncover the molecular role of 3'-UTR, in regulating the response of porcine iST cells to acute heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zi-Wei Wu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Mou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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23
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Kozlov EN, Tokmatcheva EV, Khrustaleva AM, Grebenshchikov ES, Deev RV, Gilmutdinov RA, Lebedeva LA, Zhukova M, Savvateeva-Popova EV, Schedl P, Shidlovskii YV. Long-Term Memory Formation in Drosophila Depends on the 3'UTR of CPEB Gene orb2. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020318. [PMID: 36672258 PMCID: PMC9856895 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of local translation in neurites in response to stimulation is an important step in the formation of long-term memory (LTM). CPEB proteins are a family of translation factors involved in LTM formation. The Drosophila CPEB protein Orb2 plays an important role in the development and function of the nervous system. Mutations of the coding region of the orb2 gene have previously been shown to impair LTM formation. We found that a deletion of the 3'UTR of the orb2 gene similarly results in loss of LTM in Drosophila. As a result of the deletion, the content of the Orb2 protein remained the same in the neuron soma, but significantly decreased in synapses. Using RNA immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing, we detected more than 6000 potential Orb2 mRNA targets expressed in the Drosophila brain. Importantly, deletion of the 3'UTR of orb2 mRNA also affected the localization of the Csp, Pyd, and Eya proteins, which are encoded by putative mRNA targets of Orb2. Therefore, the 3'UTR of the orb2 mRNA is important for the proper localization of Orb2 and other proteins in synapses of neurons and the brain as a whole, providing a molecular basis for LTM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene N. Kozlov
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Tokmatcheva
- Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 188680 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia M. Khrustaleva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene S. Grebenshchikov
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Deev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rudolf A. Gilmutdinov
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov A. Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Zhukova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Paul Schedl
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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24
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Berry CW, Olivares GH, Gallicchio L, Ramaswami G, Glavic A, Olguín P, Li JB, Fuller MT. Developmentally regulated alternate 3' end cleavage of nascent transcripts controls dynamic changes in protein expression in an adult stem cell lineage. Genes Dev 2022; 36:916-935. [PMID: 36175033 PMCID: PMC9575692 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349689.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) generates transcript isoforms that differ in the position of the 3' cleavage site, resulting in the production of mRNA isoforms with different length 3' UTRs. Although widespread, the role of APA in the biology of cells, tissues, and organisms has been controversial. We identified >500 Drosophila genes that express mRNA isoforms with a long 3' UTR in proliferating spermatogonia but a short 3' UTR in differentiating spermatocytes due to APA. We show that the stage-specific choice of the 3' end cleavage site can be regulated by the arrangement of a canonical polyadenylation signal (PAS) near the distal cleavage site but a variant or no recognizable PAS near the proximal cleavage site. The emergence of transcripts with shorter 3' UTRs in differentiating cells correlated with changes in expression of the encoded proteins, either from off in spermatogonia to on in spermatocytes or vice versa. Polysome gradient fractionation revealed >250 genes where the long 3' UTR versus short 3' UTR mRNA isoforms migrated differently, consistent with dramatic stage-specific changes in translation state. Thus, the developmentally regulated choice of an alternative site at which to make the 3' end cut that terminates nascent transcripts can profoundly affect the suite of proteins expressed as cells advance through sequential steps in a differentiation lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W Berry
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gonzalo H Olivares
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Drosophila Ring in Developmental Adaptations to Nutritional Stress (DRiDANS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Program of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
- Center of Integrative Biology (CIB), Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
| | - Lorenzo Gallicchio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gokul Ramaswami
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alvaro Glavic
- Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Drosophila Ring in Developmental Adaptations to Nutritional Stress (DRiDANS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Patricio Olguín
- Drosophila Ring in Developmental Adaptations to Nutritional Stress (DRiDANS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Program of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jin Billy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Margaret T Fuller
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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25
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Nishanth MJ, Jha S. Global Exploration of RNA-Binding Proteins in Exercise-Induced Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: A Transcriptome Meta-analysis and Computational Study. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2471-2488. [PMID: 35546218 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary physical exercise is a robust enhancer of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). A complete understanding of the molecular regulation of AHN is important in order to exploit the benefits of the process toward therapeutic approaches. Several factors such as epigenetic modifiers, non-coding RNAs, and transcription factors have been reported to regulate AHN. However, there is a limited understanding of the impact of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) on exercise-mediated AHN, in spite of their well-documented significance in embryonic neurogenesis. The present study is the first global analysis to catalog the potential RBPs influencing exercise-mediated AHN. Here, a transcriptome meta-analysis was conducted to study exercise-mediated gene expression modulation in hippocampi of adult mice. Next, potential RBPs influencing transcriptome-wide expression changes via untranslated regions (UTRs) were identified. Among other RBPs, MATR3, Musashi, TIA1, and FXR2 (known critical modulators of neurogenesis) were found to potentially regulate gene expression patterns. Subsequently, binding sites of known neurogenesis-regulating RBPs were identified in the UTRs of AHN-associated genes modulated by exercise. Finally, a number of RBPs including RBFOX1, RBFOX3, and QKI (known regulators of neurogenesis) were found to be highly expressed in mouse hippocampal formation and also potentially interact with other RBPs, suggesting their combinatorial functioning in exercise-induced AHN. Thus, the present meta-analysis-based computational study identified several RBPs potentially important in exercise-induced AHN, which could form a foundation for further experiments to unravel RBP-mediated regulation of AHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nishanth
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Shanker Jha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
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26
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Chen N, Zhang Y, Adel M, Kuklin EA, Reed ML, Mardovin JD, Bakthavachalu B, VijayRaghavan K, Ramaswami M, Griffith LC. Local translation provides the asymmetric distribution of CaMKII required for associative memory formation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2730-2738.e5. [PMID: 35545085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
How compartment-specific local proteomes are generated and maintained is inadequately understood, particularly in neurons, which display extreme asymmetries. Here we show that local enrichment of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in axons of Drosophila mushroom body neurons is necessary for cellular plasticity and associative memory formation. Enrichment is achieved via enhanced axoplasmic translation of CaMKII mRNA, through a mechanism requiring the RNA-binding protein Mub and a 23-base Mub-recognition element in the CaMKII 3' UTR. Perturbation of either dramatically reduces axonal, but not somatic, CaMKII protein without altering the distribution or amount of mRNA in vivo, and both are necessary and sufficient to enhance axonal translation of reporter mRNA. Together, these data identify elevated levels of translation of an evenly distributed mRNA as a novel strategy for generating subcellular biochemical asymmetries. They further demonstrate the importance of distributional asymmetry in the computational and biological functions of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Mohamed Adel
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Elena A Kuklin
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Martha L Reed
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Jacob D Mardovin
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Baskar Bakthavachalu
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India; School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - K VijayRaghavan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India; School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Mani Ramaswami
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Genetics and Microbiology and School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India; School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Leslie C Griffith
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA.
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27
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Bioinformatics Analysis of the Interaction of miRNAs and piRNAs with Human mRNA Genes Having di- and Trinucleotide Repeats. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050800. [PMID: 35627185 PMCID: PMC9141802 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The variability of nucleotide repeats is considered one of the causes of diseases, but their biological function is not understood. In recent years, the interaction of miRNAs and piRNAs with the mRNAs of genes responsible for developing neurodegenerative and oncological diseases and diabetes have been actively studied. We explored candidate genes with nucleotide repeats to predict associations with miRNAs and piRNAs. The parameters of miRNAs and piRNA binding sites with mRNAs of human genes having nucleotide repeats were determined using the MirTarget program. This program defines the start of the initiation of miRNA and piRNA binding to mRNAs, the localization of miRNA and piRNA binding sites in the 5′-untranslated region (5′UTR), coding sequence (CDS) and 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR); the free energy of binding; and the schemes of nucleotide interactions of miRNAs and piRNAs with mRNAs. The characteristics of miRNAs and piRNA binding sites with mRNAs of 73 human genes were determined. The 5′UTR, 3′UTR and CDS of the mRNAs of genes are involved in the development of neurodegenerative, oncological and diabetes diseases with GU, AC dinucleotide and CCG, CAG, GCC, CGG, CGC trinucleotide repeats. The associations of miRNAs, piRNAs and candidate target genes could be recommended for developing methods for diagnosing diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, oncological diseases and diabetes.
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Leveraging omic features with F3UTER enables identification of unannotated 3'UTRs for synaptic genes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2270. [PMID: 35477703 PMCID: PMC9046390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for the importance of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) dependent regulatory processes. However, our current human 3'UTR catalogue is incomplete. Here, we develop a machine learning-based framework, leveraging both genomic and tissue-specific transcriptomic features to predict previously unannotated 3'UTRs. We identify unannotated 3'UTRs associated with 1,563 genes across 39 human tissues, with the greatest abundance found in the brain. These unannotated 3'UTRs are significantly enriched for RNA binding protein (RBP) motifs and exhibit high human lineage-specificity. We find that brain-specific unannotated 3'UTRs are enriched for the binding motifs of important neuronal RBPs such as TARDBP and RBFOX1, and their associated genes are involved in synaptic function. Our data is shared through an online resource F3UTER ( https://astx.shinyapps.io/F3UTER/ ). Overall, our data improves 3'UTR annotation and provides additional insights into the mRNA-RBP interactome in the human brain, with implications for our understanding of neurological and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Tants JN, Becker L, McNicoll F, Müller-McNicoll M, Schlundt A. NMR-derived secondary structure of the full-length Ox40 mRNA 3'UTR and its multivalent binding to the immunoregulatory RBP Roquin. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4083-4099. [PMID: 35357505 PMCID: PMC9023295 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of posttranscriptional mRNA decay is a crucial determinant of cell homeostasis and differentiation. mRNA lifetime is governed by cis-regulatory elements in their 3' untranslated regions (UTR). Despite ongoing progress in the identification of cis elements we have little knowledge about the functional and structural integration of multiple elements in 3'UTR regulatory hubs and their recognition by mRNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Structural analyses are complicated by inconsistent mapping and prediction of RNA fold, by dynamics, and size. We here, for the first time, provide the secondary structure of a complete mRNA 3'UTR. We use NMR spectroscopy in a divide-and-conquer strategy complemented with SAXS, In-line probing and SHAPE-seq applied to the 3'UTR of Ox40 mRNA, which encodes a T-cell co-receptor repressed by the protein Roquin. We provide contributions of RNA elements to Roquin-binding. The protein uses its extended bi-modal ROQ domain to sequentially engage in a 2:1 stoichiometry with a 3'UTR core motif. We observe differential binding of Roquin to decay elements depending on their structural embedment. Our data underpins the importance of studying RNA regulation in a full sequence and structural context. This study serves as a paradigm for an approach in analysing structured RNA-regulatory hubs and their binding by RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Tants
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomagnetic Resonance Centre (BMRZ), Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lea Marie Becker
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomagnetic Resonance Centre (BMRZ), Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - François McNicoll
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Müller-McNicoll
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlundt
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomagnetic Resonance Centre (BMRZ), Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Gdula MR, Kopczyńska M, Saha U, Kamieniarz-Gdula K. CLP1-dependent premature transcription termination opposes neurodegeneration. Neuron 2022; 110:1277-1280. [PMID: 35447096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Usage of alternative mRNA 3' ends has profound functional consequences, particularly in the nervous system. In this issue of Neuron, LaForce et al. (2022) dissect the effect of CLP1 on mRNA 3' end diversity in motor neuron models of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal R Gdula
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magda Kopczyńska
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Upasana Saha
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kinga Kamieniarz-Gdula
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
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Arzalluz-Luque A, Salguero P, Tarazona S, Conesa A. acorde unravels functionally interpretable networks of isoform co-usage from single cell data. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1828. [PMID: 35383181 PMCID: PMC8983708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a highly-regulated post-transcriptional mechanism known to modulate isoform expression within genes and contribute to cell-type identity. However, the extent to which alternative isoforms establish co-expression networks that may be relevant in cellular function has not been explored yet. Here, we present acorde, a pipeline that successfully leverages bulk long reads and single-cell data to confidently detect alternative isoform co-expression relationships. To achieve this, we develop and validate percentile correlations, an innovative approach that overcomes data sparsity and yields accurate co-expression estimates from single-cell data. Next, acorde uses correlations to cluster co-expressed isoforms into a network, unraveling cell type-specific alternative isoform usage patterns. By selecting same-gene isoforms between these clusters, we subsequently detect and characterize genes with co-differential isoform usage (coDIU) across cell types. Finally, we predict functional elements from long read-defined isoforms and provide insight into biological processes, motifs, and domains potentially controlled by the coordination of post-transcriptional regulation. The code for acorde is available at https://github.com/ConesaLab/acorde .
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Arzalluz-Luque
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (CSIC-UV), Spanish National Research Council, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Salguero
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Conesa
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (CSIC-UV), Spanish National Research Council, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
- Microbiology and Cell Sciences Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Implications of Poly(A) Tail Processing in Repeat Expansion Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040677. [PMID: 35203324 PMCID: PMC8870147 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeat expansion diseases are a group of more than 40 disorders that affect mainly the nervous and/or muscular system and include myotonic dystrophies, Huntington’s disease, and fragile X syndrome. The mutation-driven expanded repeat tract occurs in specific genes and is composed of tri- to dodeca-nucleotide-long units. Mutant mRNA is a pathogenic factor or important contributor to the disease and has great potential as a therapeutic target. Although repeat expansion diseases are quite well known, there are limited studies concerning polyadenylation events for implicated transcripts that could have profound effects on transcript stability, localization, and translation efficiency. In this review, we briefly present polyadenylation and alternative polyadenylation (APA) mechanisms and discuss their role in the pathogenesis of selected diseases. We also discuss several methods for poly(A) tail measurement (both transcript-specific and transcriptome-wide analyses) and APA site identification—the further development and use of which may contribute to a better understanding of the correlation between APA events and repeat expansion diseases. Finally, we point out some future perspectives on the research into repeat expansion diseases, as well as APA studies.
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Bae B, Miura P. CRISPR-Mediated Knockout of Long 3' UTR mRNA Isoforms in mESC-Derived Neurons. Front Genet 2022; 12:789434. [PMID: 34976020 PMCID: PMC8718760 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.789434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is pervasive, occurring for more than 70% of human and mouse genes. Distal poly(A) site selection to generate longer 3′ UTR mRNA isoforms is prevalent in the nervous system, affecting thousands of genes. Here, we establish mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived neurons (mES-neurons) as a suitable system to study long 3′ UTR isoforms. RNA-seq analysis revealed that mES-neurons show widespread 3′ UTR lengthening that closely resembles APA patterns found in mouse cortex. mESCs are highly amenable to genetic manipulation. We present a method to eliminate long 3′ UTR isoform expression using CRISPR/Cas9 editing. This approach can lead to clones with the desired deletion within several weeks. We demonstrate this strategy on the Mprip gene as a proof-of-principle. To confirm loss of long 3′ UTR expression and the absence of cryptic poly(A) site usage stemming from the CRISPR deletion, we present a simple and cost-efficient targeted long-read RNA-sequencing strategy using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. Using this method, we confirmed specific loss of the Mprip long 3′ UTR isoform. CRISPR gene editing of mESCs thus serves as a highly relevant platform for studying the molecular and cellular functions of long 3′ UTR mRNA isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongmin Bae
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Pedro Miura
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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Carreño D, Lotfipour S. Sex- and genotype-dependent nicotine plus cue-primed reinstatement is enhanced in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats containing the human CHRNA6 3'-UTR polymorphism (rs2304297). Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1064211. [PMID: 36704741 PMCID: PMC9872558 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1064211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Large-scale human candidate gene studies have indicated that a genetic variant (rs2304297) in the alpha(α)6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, encoded by the CHRNA6 gene, may play a key role in adolescent nicotine addictive behavior. We hypothesized that the polymorphism selectively enhances nicotine + cue-primed reinstatement, but not nicotine- or cue-reinstatement in α6 GG (risk) vs. α6 CC (non-risk) allele carriers, without having baseline effects on natural rewards. METHODS Using CRISPR-Cas9 genomic engineering, we developed a humanized rat line with the human gene variant of the CHRNA6 3'-UTR C 123 G polymorphism in Sprague-Dawley rats. Genetically modified adolescent male and female rats were food trained under a fixed-ratio (FR)1 schedule of reinforcement and progressively increased to FR5. Animals were implanted with catheters and began nicotine self-administration (15 μg/kg/infusion) at FR5. Upon reaching stable responding, reinforced behavior was extinguished by removal of drug and cues. Reinstatement testing began for cue only, nicotine only, and nicotine + cue in a Latin Square Design. Animals were returned to extinction conditions for 2 days minimum between testing. RESULTS For natural food rewards, nicotine self-administration, progressive ratio, and extinction, adolescent male and female (α6 GG and α6 CC ) rats exhibited equivalent behaviors. Male α6 GG rats show enhanced nicotine + cue-primed reinstatement when compared with male α6 CC rats. This genotype effect on reinstatement was not seen in female rats. CONCLUSION Our findings support the in vivo functional role of the human CHRNA6 3'-UTR SNP genetic variant in sex-dependently enhancing nicotine seeking behavior in adolescent rats. Overall, the findings support clinical and preclinical data highlighting a role of α6 nAChRs mediating sex heterogeneity in substance use and related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carreño
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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35
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Titus MB, Chang AW, Olesnicky EC. Exploring the Diverse Functional and Regulatory Consequences of Alternative Splicing in Development and Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:775395. [PMID: 34899861 PMCID: PMC8652244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.775395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a fundamental mechanism of eukaryotic RNA regulation that increases the transcriptomic and proteomic complexity within an organism. Moreover, alternative splicing provides a framework for generating unique yet complex tissue- and cell type-specific gene expression profiles, despite using a limited number of genes. Recent efforts to understand the negative consequences of aberrant splicing have increased our understanding of developmental and neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy, frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, myotonic dystrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Moreover, these studies have led to the development of innovative therapeutic treatments for diseases caused by aberrant splicing, also known as spliceopathies. Despite this, a paucity of information exists on the physiological roles and specific functions of distinct transcript spliceforms for a given gene. Here, we will highlight work that has specifically explored the distinct functions of protein-coding spliceforms during development. Moreover, we will discuss the use of alternative splicing of noncoding exons to regulate the stability and localization of RNA transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brandon Titus
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Adeline W Chang
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Eugenia C Olesnicky
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
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36
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Mars JC, Ghram M, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Borden KLB. The Cap-Binding Complex CBC and the Eukaryotic Translation Factor eIF4E: Co-Conspirators in Cap-Dependent RNA Maturation and Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6185. [PMID: 34944805 PMCID: PMC8699206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of RNA into protein is a dynamic process which is heavily regulated during normal cell physiology and can be dysregulated in human malignancies. Its dysregulation can impact selected groups of RNAs, modifying protein levels independently of transcription. Integral to their suitability for translation, RNAs undergo a series of maturation steps including the addition of the m7G cap on the 5' end of RNAs, splicing, as well as cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA). Importantly, each of these steps can be coopted to modify the transcript signal. Factors that bind the m7G cap escort these RNAs through different steps of maturation and thus govern the physical nature of the final transcript product presented to the translation machinery. Here, we describe these steps and how the major m7G cap-binding factors in mammalian cells, the cap binding complex (CBC) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, are positioned to chaperone transcripts through RNA maturation, nuclear export, and translation in a transcript-specific manner. To conceptualize a framework for the flow and integration of this genetic information, we discuss RNA maturation models and how these integrate with translation. Finally, we discuss how these processes can be coopted by cancer cells and means to target these in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Clement Mars
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Ghram
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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37
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Chinn CA, Ren H, Morival JLP, Nie Q, Wood MA, Downing TL. Examining age-dependent DNA methylation patterns and gene expression in the male and female mouse hippocampus. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 108:223-235. [PMID: 34598831 PMCID: PMC9186538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a well-characterized epigenetic modification involved in numerous molecular and cellular functions. Methylation patterns have also been associated with aging mechanisms. However, how DNA methylation patterns change within key brain regions involved in memory formation in an age- and sex-specific manner remains unclear. Here, we performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) from mouse dorsal hippocampus - which is necessary for the formation and consolidation of specific types of memories - in young and aging mice of both sexes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that methylation levels within the dorsal hippocampus are divergent between sexes during aging in genomic features correlating to mRNA functionality, transcription factor binding sites, and gene regulatory elements. These results define age-related changes in the methylome across genomic features and build a foundation for investigating potential target genes regulated by DNA methylation in an age- and sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene A Chinn
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine. Irvine, California
| | - Honglei Ren
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Julien L P Morival
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Qing Nie
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine. Irvine, California
| | - Timothy L Downing
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
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The Role of miR-23b in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6473038. [PMID: 34777498 PMCID: PMC8580694 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6473038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short-stranded miRNAs are single-stranded RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. miRNAs are involved in a variety of cellular physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. miR-23b have been identified to act both as oncogenes and as tumor suppressors. In addition, miR-23b is related to inflammation resistance to various autoimmune diseases and restrained inflammatory cell migration. The characterization of the specific alterations in the patterns of miR-23b expression in cancer and autoimmune disease has great potential for identifying biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, as well as for potential therapeutic intervention in various diseases. In this review, we summarize the ever-expanding role of miR-23b and its target genes in different models and offer insight into how this multifunctional miRNA modulates tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis or inflammatory cell activation, differentiation, and migration.
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Wu ZW, Mou Q, Fang T, Wang Y, Liang H, Wang C, Du ZQ, Yang CX. Global 3'-untranslated region landscape mediated by alternative polyadenylation during meiotic maturation of pig oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:33-44. [PMID: 34647356 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation affects the length and composition of 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) and regulates mRNA stability or translational activity to affect important biological processes. However, global 3'-UTR landscape and its relationship with gamete maturation remain less studied. Here, we analysed our previously reported single-cell RNA-seq data of germinal vesicle and metaphase II stage oocytes in pigs to systematically catalogue the 3'-UTR dynamics during oocyte maturation. Two softwares (DaPars and APAtrap) were employed and identified 110 and 228 mRNAs with significantly different 3'-UTRs (adjusted p ≤ .05), respectively. Gene enrichment analyses found signalling pathways related with biological processes of female gametophyte production, methyltransferase activity and mRNA surveillance (DaPars) and cell cycle process, regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, regulation of translation, spindle organization, kinetochore, condensed chromosome and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation (APAtrap), respectively. Moreover, 18 of 110 mRNAs (|△PDUI| ≥ 0.25 and |log2 PDUI ratio| ≥ 0.59) and 15 of 228 mRNAs (Perc. diff. ≥ 0.5) were with greater difference of 3'-UTR length or abundance, and integrative genomics viewer analysis further identified 4 (Alg10, Hadhb, Hsd17b4 and Sbds) of 18 mRNAs to be with 3'-UTR length differed ≥150 bp and 6 (Gcc1, Hnrnpa2b1, Lsm6, Prpf18, Sfr1 and Ust) of 15 mRNAs to be with 3'-UTR abundance extremely differed. Furthermore, the location, sequences and number of cis-elements were predicted, which were shown to derange cytoplasmic polyadenylation element, poly(A) site and microRNA binding sites within 3'-UTRs of Alg10, Hadhb, Hsd17b4 and Sbds mRNAs. Taken together, global 3'-UTR landscape changes dynamically with oocyte meiotic maturation, potentially involved in regulating oocyte meiotic process in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Wu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qiao Mou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hao Liang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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40
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The RNA-binding protein Musashi controls axon compartment-specific synaptic connectivity through ptp69D mRNA poly(A)-tailing. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109713. [PMID: 34525368 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic targeting with subcellular specificity is essential for neural circuit assembly. Developing neurons use mechanisms to curb promiscuous synaptic connections and to direct synapse formation to defined subcellular compartments. How this selectivity is achieved molecularly remains enigmatic. Here, we discover a link between mRNA poly(A)-tailing and axon collateral branch-specific synaptic connectivity within the CNS. We reveal that the RNA-binding protein Musashi binds to the mRNA encoding the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Ptp69D, thereby increasing poly(A) tail length and Ptp69D protein levels. This regulation specifically promotes synaptic connectivity in one axon collateral characterized by a high degree of arborization and strong synaptogenic potential. In a different compartment of the same axon, Musashi prevents ectopic synaptogenesis, revealing antagonistic, compartment-specific functions. Moreover, Musashi-dependent Ptp69D regulation controls synaptic connectivity in the olfactory circuit. Thus, Musashi differentially shapes synaptic connectivity at the level of individual subcellular compartments and within different developmental and neuron type-specific contexts.
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41
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Perez JD, Fusco CM, Schuman EM. A Functional Dissection of the mRNA and Locally Synthesized Protein Population in Neuronal Dendrites and Axons. Annu Rev Genet 2021; 55:183-207. [PMID: 34460296 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-030321-054851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are characterized by a complex morphology that enables the generation of subcellular compartments with unique biochemical and biophysical properties, such as dendrites, axons, and synapses. To sustain these different compartments and carry a wide array of elaborate operations, neurons express a diverse repertoire of gene products. Extensive regulation at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels allows for the differentiation of subcellular compartments as well as numerous forms of plasticity in response to variable stimuli. Among the multiple mechanisms that control cellular functions, mRNA translation is manipulated by neurons to regulate where and when a protein emerges. Interestingly, transcriptomic and translatomic profiles of both dendrites and axons have revealed that the mRNA population only partially predicts the local protein population and that this relation significantly varies between different gene groups. Here, we describe the space that local translation occupies within the large molecular and regulatory complexity of neurons, in contrast to other modes of regulation. We then discuss the specialized organization of mRNAs within different neuronal compartments, as revealed by profiles of the local transcriptome. Finally, we discuss the features and functional implications of both locally correlated-and anticorrelated-mRNA-protein relations both under baseline conditions and during synaptic plasticity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 55 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio D Perez
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Claudia M Fusco
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Erin M Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
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42
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Tang D, Luo Y, Jiang Y, Hu P, Peng H, Wu S, Zhang G, Wang Y. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 activated by c-Myc promotes cell proliferation via interacting with FUS to stabilize MAP3K1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:795. [PMID: 34404765 PMCID: PMC8371007 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation is the hallmark of cancer cells. Previous studies mainly focused on the role of protein-coding genes in cancer cell proliferation. Emerging evidence showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) also play critical roles in cancer cell proliferation and growth. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 is found to contribute to carcinogenesis, but its role in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is unclear. In this study, by analyzing data from Gene Expression Omnibus, The Cancer Genome Atlas database and our clinical samples, we found that KCNQ1OT1 was selectively highly expressed in APL. Functional assays demonstrated that knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 reduced APL cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Further evidence showed that KCNQ1OT1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of APL patient-derived NB4 cells and APL patient bone marrow samples. Mechanistically, KCNQ1OT1 bound to RNA binding protein FUS, and silencing either KCNQ1OT1 or FUS reduced the expression level and stability of MAP3K1 mRNA. Whereas KCNQ1OT1 and FUS did not affect each other. Importantly, knockdown of MAP3K1 impaired APL cell proliferation. Finally, c-Myc transactivated KCNQ1OT1 in APL cells through binding to its promoter while knockdown of c-Myc decreased KCNQ1OT1 expression. Our results not only revealed that c-Myc transactivated KCNQ1OT1 and upregulated KCNQ1OT1 promoted APL cell proliferation, but also demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 bound to FUS to synergistically stabilize MAP3K1 mRNA, thus facilitating APL cell proliferation. This study established a previously unidentified role of KCNQ1OT1 in the development of APL, and KCNQ1OT1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujiao Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yafeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Piao Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shangjie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yewei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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43
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MicroRNAs 21 and 199a-3p Regulate Axon Growth Potential through Modulation of Pten and mTor mRNAs. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0155-21.2021. [PMID: 34326064 PMCID: PMC8362682 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0155-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mTOR activity has been shown to enhance regeneration of injured axons by increasing neuronal protein synthesis, while PTEN signaling can block mTOR activity to attenuate protein synthesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in regulation of PTEN and mTOR expression, and previous work in spinal cord showed an increase in miR-199a-3p after spinal cord injury (SCI) and increase in miR-21 in SCI animals that had undergone exercise. Pten mRNA is a target for miR-21 and miR-199a-3p is predicted to target mTor mRNA. Here, we show that miR-21 and miR-199a-3p are expressed in adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and we used culture preparations to test functions of the rat miRs in adult DRG and embryonic cortical neurons. miR-21 increases and miR-199a-3p decreases in DRG neurons after in vivo axotomy. In both the adult DRG and embryonic cortical neurons, miR-21 promotes and miR-199a-3p attenuates neurite growth. miR-21 directly bound to Pten mRNA and miR-21 overexpression decreased Pten mRNA levels. Conversely, miR-199a-3p directly bound to mTor mRNA and miR-199a-3p overexpression decreased mTor mRNA levels. Overexpressing miR-21 increased both overall and intra-axonal protein synthesis in cultured DRGs, while miR-199a-3p overexpression decreased this protein synthesis. The axon growth phenotypes seen with miR-21 and miR-199a-3p overexpression were reversed by co-transfecting PTEN and mTOR cDNA expression constructs with the predicted 3′ untranslated region (UTR) miR target sequences deleted. Taken together, these studies indicate that injury-induced alterations in miR-21 and miR-199a-3p expression can alter axon growth capacity by changing overall and intra-axonal protein synthesis through regulation of the PTEN/mTOR pathway.
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44
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Rajgor D, Welle TM, Smith KR. The Coordination of Local Translation, Membranous Organelle Trafficking, and Synaptic Plasticity in Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711446. [PMID: 34336865 PMCID: PMC8317219 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly complex polarized cells, displaying an extraordinary degree of spatial compartmentalization. At presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, far from the cell body, local protein synthesis is utilized to continually modify the synaptic proteome, enabling rapid changes in protein production to support synaptic function. Synapses undergo diverse forms of plasticity, resulting in long-term, persistent changes in synapse strength, which are paramount for learning, memory, and cognition. It is now well-established that local translation of numerous synaptic proteins is essential for many forms of synaptic plasticity, and much work has gone into deciphering the strategies that neurons use to regulate activity-dependent protein synthesis. Recent studies have pointed to a coordination of the local mRNA translation required for synaptic plasticity and the trafficking of membranous organelles in neurons. This includes the co-trafficking of RNAs to their site of action using endosome/lysosome “transports,” the regulation of activity-dependent translation at synapses, and the role of mitochondria in fueling synaptic translation. Here, we review our current understanding of these mechanisms that impact local translation during synaptic plasticity, providing an overview of these novel and nuanced regulatory processes involving membranous organelles in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen Rajgor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Theresa M Welle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katharine R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Park J, Farris S. Spatiotemporal Regulation of Transcript Isoform Expression in the Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:694234. [PMID: 34305526 PMCID: PMC8295539 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.694234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper development and plasticity of hippocampal neurons require specific RNA isoforms to be expressed in the right place at the right time. Precise spatiotemporal transcript regulation requires the incorporation of essential regulatory RNA sequences into expressed isoforms. In this review, we describe several RNA processing strategies utilized by hippocampal neurons to regulate the spatiotemporal expression of genes critical to development and plasticity. The works described here demonstrate how the hippocampus is an ideal investigative model for uncovering alternate isoform-specific mechanisms that restrict the expression of transcripts in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joun Park
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Neurobiology Research, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Shannon Farris
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Neurobiology Research, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
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46
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Di Paolo A, Garat J, Eastman G, Farias J, Dajas-Bailador F, Smircich P, Sotelo-Silveira JR. Functional Genomics of Axons and Synapses to Understand Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:686722. [PMID: 34248504 PMCID: PMC8267896 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.686722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional genomics studies through transcriptomics, translatomics and proteomics have become increasingly important tools to understand the molecular basis of biological systems in the last decade. In most cases, when these approaches are applied to the nervous system, they are centered in cell bodies or somatodendritic compartments, as these are easier to isolate and, at least in vitro, contain most of the mRNA and proteins present in all neuronal compartments. However, key functional processes and many neuronal disorders are initiated by changes occurring far away from cell bodies, particularly in axons (axopathologies) and synapses (synaptopathies). Both neuronal compartments contain specific RNAs and proteins, which are known to vary depending on their anatomical distribution, developmental stage and function, and thus form the complex network of molecular pathways required for neuron connectivity. Modifications in these components due to metabolic, environmental, and/or genetic issues could trigger or exacerbate a neuronal disease. For this reason, detailed profiling and functional understanding of the precise changes in these compartments may thus yield new insights into the still intractable molecular basis of most neuronal disorders. In the case of synaptic dysfunctions or synaptopathies, they contribute to dozens of diseases in the human brain including neurodevelopmental (i.e., autism, Down syndrome, and epilepsy) as well as neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases). Histological, biochemical, cellular, and general molecular biology techniques have been key in understanding these pathologies. Now, the growing number of omics approaches can add significant extra information at a high and wide resolution level and, used effectively, can lead to novel and insightful interpretations of the biological processes at play. This review describes current approaches that use transcriptomics, translatomics and proteomic related methods to analyze the axon and presynaptic elements, focusing on the relationship that axon and synapses have with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Di Paolo
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquin Garat
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Eastman
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquina Farias
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario “Espacio de Biología Vegetal del Noreste”, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Federico Dajas-Bailador
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Smircich
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José Roberto Sotelo-Silveira
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Chaudhuri T, Chintalapati J, Hosur MV. Identification of 3'-UTR single nucleotide variants and prediction of select protein imbalance in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252475. [PMID: 34086756 PMCID: PMC8177469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic influence in epilepsy, characterized by unprovoked and recurrent seizures, is through variants in genes critical to brain development and function. We have carried out variant calling in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) patients by mapping the RNA-Seq data available at SRA, NCBI, USA onto human genome assembly hg-19. We have identified 1,75,641 SNVs in patient samples. These SNVs are distributed over 14700 genes of which 655 are already known to be associated with epilepsy. Large number of variants occur in the 3'-UTR, which is one of the regions involved in the regulation of protein translation through binding of miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBP). We have focused on studying the structure-function relationship of the 3'-UTR SNVs that are common to at-least 10 of the 35 patient samples. For the first time we find SNVs exclusively in the 3'-UTR of FGF12, FAR1, NAPB, SLC1A3, SLC12A6, GRIN2A, CACNB4 and FBXO28 genes. Structural modelling reveals that the variant 3'-UTR segments possess altered secondary and tertiary structures which could affect mRNA stability and binding of RBPs to form proper ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Secondly, these SNVs have either created or destroyed miRNA-binding sites, and molecular modeling reveals that, where binding sites are created, the additional miRNAs bind strongly to 3'-UTR of only variant mRNAs. These two factors affect protein production thereby creating an imbalance in the amounts of select proteins in the cell. We suggest that in the absence of missense and nonsense variants, protein-activity imbalances associated with MTLE patients can be caused through 3'-UTR variants in relevant genes by the mechanisms mentioned above. 3'-UTR SNV has already been identified as causative variant in the neurological disorder, Tourette syndrome. Inhibition of these miRNA-mRNA bindings could be a novel way of treating drug-resistant MTLE patients. We also suggest that joint occurrence of these SNVs could serve as markers for MTLE. We find, in the present study, SNV-mediated destruction of miRNA binding site in the 3'-UTR of the gene encoding glutamate receptor subunit, and, interestingly, overexpression of one of this receptor subunit is also associated with Febrile Seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Chaudhuri
- Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies, IISc campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Janaki Chintalapati
- CDAC-Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Byappanahalli, Bangalore, India
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48
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D'Mello SR. MECP2 and the Biology of MECP2 Duplication Syndrome. J Neurochem 2021; 159:29-60. [PMID: 33638179 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS), a rare X-linked genomic disorder affecting predominantly males, is caused by duplication of the chromosomal region containing the methyl CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene, which encodes methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), a multi-functional protein required for proper brain development and maintenance of brain function during adulthood. Disease symptoms include severe motor and cognitive impairment, delayed or absent speech development, autistic features, seizures, ataxia, recurrent respiratory infections and shortened lifespan. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which a relatively modest increase in MECP2 protein causes such severe disease symptoms are poorly understood and consequently there are no treatments available for this fatal disorder. This review summarizes what is known to date about the structure and complex regulation of MECP2 and its many functions in the developing and adult brain. Additionally, recent experimental findings on the cellular and molecular underpinnings of MDS based on cell culture and mouse models of the disorder are reviewed. The emerging picture from these studies is that MDS is a neurodegenerative disorder in which neurons die in specific parts of the central nervous system, including the cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and spinal cord. Neuronal death likely results from astrocytic dysfunction, including a breakdown of glutamate homeostatic mechanisms. The role of elevations in the expression of glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) in astrocytes and the microtubule-associated protein, Tau, in neurons to the pathogenesis of MDS is discussed. Lastly, potential therapeutic strategies to potentially treat MDS are discussed.
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Khan MI, Nur SM, Adhami V, Mukhtar H. Epigenetic regulation of RNA sensors: Sentinels of immune response. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:413-421. [PMID: 33484869 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Living host system possess mechanisms like innate immune system to combat against inflammation, stress singling, and cancer. These mechanisms are initiated by PAMP and DAMP mediated recognition by PRR. PRR is consist of variety of nucleic acid sensors like-RNA sensors. They play crucial role in identifying exogenous and endogenous RNA molecules, which subsequently mediate pro/inflammatory cytokine, IFN and ISGs response in traumatized or tumorigenic conditions. The sensors can sensitize wide range of nucleic acid particle in term of size and structure, while each category sensors belongs subclasses with differentially expressed in cell and distinguished functioning mechanisms. They are also able to make comparison between self and non-self-nucleic acid molecules through specific mechanisms. Besides exhibiting anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic responses, RNA sensors cover the broad spectrum of response mechanisms. Transcriptionally RNA sensors undergo with tight epigenetic regulations. In this review study, we will be going to discuss about the details of RNA sensors, their functional mechanisms and epi-transactional regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suza Mohammad Nur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaqar Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
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50
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Minehart JA, Speer CM. A Picture Worth a Thousand Molecules-Integrative Technologies for Mapping Subcellular Molecular Organization and Plasticity in Developing Circuits. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 12:615059. [PMID: 33469427 PMCID: PMC7813761 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.615059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in developmental neuroscience is identifying the local regulatory mechanisms that control neurite and synaptic refinement over large brain volumes. Innovative molecular techniques and high-resolution imaging tools are beginning to reshape our view of how local protein translation in subcellular compartments drives axonal, dendritic, and synaptic development and plasticity. Here we review recent progress in three areas of neurite and synaptic study in situ-compartment-specific transcriptomics/translatomics, targeted proteomics, and super-resolution imaging analysis of synaptic organization and development. We discuss synergies between sequencing and imaging techniques for the discovery and validation of local molecular signaling mechanisms regulating synaptic development, plasticity, and maintenance in circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colenso M. Speer
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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