1
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Agrawal P, Jain N, Gopalan V, Timon A, Singh A, Rajagopal PS, Hannenhalli S. Network-based approach elucidates critical genes in BRCA subtypes and chemotherapy response in triple negative breast cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109752. [PMID: 38699227 PMCID: PMC11063905 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers (BRCA) exhibit substantial transcriptional heterogeneity, posing a significant clinical challenge. The global transcriptional changes in a disease context, however, are likely mediated by few key genes which reflect disease etiology better than the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We apply our network-based tool PathExt to 1,059 BRCA tumors across 4 subtypes to identify key mediator genes in each subtype. Compared to conventional differential expression analysis, PathExt-identified genes exhibit greater concordance across tumors, revealing shared and subtype-specific biological processes; better recapitulate BRCA-associated genes in multiple benchmarks, and are more essential in BRCA subtype-specific cell lines. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a subtype-specific distribution of PathExt-identified genes in multiple cell types from the tumor microenvironment. Application of PathExt to a TNBC chemotherapy response dataset identified subtype-specific key genes and biological processes associated with resistance. We described putative drugs that target key genes potentially mediating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Agrawal
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annan Timon
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Padma S. Rajagopal
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Roy M, Hussain F. Mitigation of Breast Cancer Cells' Invasiveness via Down Regulation of ETV7, Hippo, and PI3K/mTOR Pathways by Vitamin D3 Gold-Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5348. [PMID: 38791386 PMCID: PMC11120902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis in breast cancer is the major cause of death in females (about 30%). Based on our earlier observation that Vitamin D3 downregulates mTOR, we hypothesized that Vitamin D3 conjugated to gold nanoparticles (VD3-GNPs) reduces breast cancer aggressiveness by downregulating the key cancer controller PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Western blots, migration/invasion assays, and other cell-based, biophysical, and bioinformatics studies are used to study breast cancer cell aggressiveness and nanoparticle characterization. Our VD3-GNP treatment of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) significantly reduces the aggressiveness (cancer cell migration and invasion rates > 45%) via the simultaneous downregulation of ETV7 and the Hippo pathway. Consistent with our hypothesis, we, indeed, found a downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. It is surprising that the extremely low dose of VD3 in the nano formulation (three orders of magnitude lower than in earlier studies) is quite effective in the alteration of cancer invasiveness and cell signaling pathways. Clearly, VD3-GNPs are a viable candidate for non-toxic, low-cost treatment for reducing breast cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Roy
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Fazle Hussain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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3
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Dennis C, Dillon J, Cohen DJ, Halquist MS, Pearcy AC, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Local production of active vitamin D 3 metabolites in breast cancer cells by CYP24A1 and CYP27B1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106331. [PMID: 37244301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in cancer and especially as a treatment option has been widely disputed. Clinicians noting low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels in their patients, recommend vitamin D3 supplementation as a method of reducing the risk of cancer; however, data supporting this are inconsistent. These studies rely on systemic 25(OH)D3 as an indicator of hormone status, but 25(OH)D3 is further metabolized in the kidney and other tissues under regulation by several factors. This study examined if breast cancer cells also possess the ability to metabolize 25(OH)D3, and if so, whether the resulting metabolites are secreted locally; if this ability reflects ERα66 status; and if they possess vitamin D receptors (VDR). To address this question, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive (MCF-7) and ERα negative (HCC38 and MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of ERα66, ERα36, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, and VDR as well as for local production of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] after treatment with 25(OH)D3. The results showed that independent of ER status, breast cancer cells express the enzymes CYP24A1 and CYP27B1, which are responsible for converting 25(OH)D3 into its dihydroxylated forms. Moreover, these metabolites are produced at levels comparable to the levels observed in blood. They are positive for VDR, indicating that they can respond to 1α,25(OH)2D3, which can upregulate CYP24A1. These findings suggest that vitamin D metabolites may contribute to the tumorigenicity of breast cancer via autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydney Dennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Jonathan Dillon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Matthew S Halquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Bioanalytical Core Laboratory, Central Virginia Drug Abuse Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Adam C Pearcy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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4
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Matou-Nasri S, Aldawood M, Alanazi F, Khan AL. Updates on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: From Risk Factors to Diagnosis, Biomarkers and Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2390. [PMID: 37510134 PMCID: PMC10378597 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is usually the most malignant and aggressive mammary epithelial tumor characterized by the lack of expression for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, and the absence of epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 amplification. Corresponding to 15-20% of all breast cancers and well-known by its poor clinical outcome, this negative receptor expression deprives TNBC from targeted therapy and makes its management therapeutically challenging. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common ageing metabolic disorder due to insulin deficiency or resistance resulting in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Due to metabolic and hormonal imbalances, there are many interplays between both chronic disorders leading to increased risk of breast cancer, especially TNBC, diagnosed in T2DM patients. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information related to epidemiology and clinicopathological features, risk factors, diagnosis, biomarkers, and current therapy/clinical trials for TNBC patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic counterparts. Thus, in-depth investigation of the diabetic complications on TNBC onset, development, and progression and the discovery of biomarkers would improve TNBC management through early diagnosis, tailoring therapy for a better outcome of T2DM patients diagnosed with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Matou-Nasri
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of the School for Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 22030, USA
| | - Maram Aldawood
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Post Graduate and Zoology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of the School for Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 22030, USA
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Tissue Biobank, KAIMRC, MNG-HA, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Shen J, Wang Q, Mao Y, Gao W, Duan S. Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e288. [PMID: 37256211 PMCID: PMC10225743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 can transcriptionally activate downstream genes in response to stress, and then regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other biological responses. p53 has seven functional domains and 12 splice isoforms, and different domains and subtypes play different roles. The activation and inactivation of p53 are finely regulated and are associated with phosphorylation/acetylation modification and ubiquitination modification, respectively. Abnormal activation of p53 is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. While targeted therapy of the p53 signaling pathway is still in its early stages and only a few drugs or treatments have entered clinical trials, the development of new drugs and ongoing clinical trials are expected to lead to the widespread use of p53 signaling-targeted therapy in cancer treatment in the future. TRIAP1 is a novel p53 downstream inhibitor of apoptosis. TRIAP1 is the homolog of yeast mitochondrial intermembrane protein MDM35, which can play a tumor-promoting role by blocking the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. This work provides a systematic overview of recent basic research and clinical progress in the p53 signaling pathway and proposes that TRIAP1 is an important therapeutic target downstream of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yunan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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6
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Agrawal P, Jain N, Gopalan V, Timon A, Singh A, Rajagopal PS, Hannenhalli S. Network-based approach elucidates critical genes in BRCA subtypes and chemotherapy response in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.21.541618. [PMID: 37425784 PMCID: PMC10327220 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.21.541618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers exhibit substantial transcriptional heterogeneity, posing a significant challenge to the prediction of treatment response and prognostication of outcomes. Especially, translation of TNBC subtypes to the clinic remains a work in progress, in part because of a lack of clear transcriptional signatures distinguishing the subtypes. Our recent network-based approach, PathExt, demonstrates that global transcriptional changes in a disease context are likely mediated by a small number of key genes, and these mediators may better reflect functional or translationally relevant heterogeneity. We apply PathExt to 1059 BRCA tumors and 112 healthy control samples across 4 subtypes to identify frequent, key-mediator genes in each BRCA subtype. Compared to conventional differential expression analysis, PathExt-identified genes (1) exhibit greater concordance across tumors, revealing shared as well as BRCA subtype-specific biological processes, (2) better recapitulate BRCA-associated genes in multiple benchmarks, and (3) exhibit greater dependency scores in BRCA subtype-specific cancer cell lines. Single cell transcriptomes of BRCA subtype tumors reveal a subtype-specific distribution of PathExt-identified genes in multiple cell types from the tumor microenvironment. Application of PathExt to a TNBC chemotherapy response dataset identified TNBC subtype-specific key genes and biological processes associated with resistance. We described putative drugs that target top novel genes potentially mediating drug resistance. Overall, PathExt applied to breast cancer refines previous views of gene expression heterogeneity and identifies potential mediators of TNBC subtypes, including potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Agrawal
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annan Timon
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Padma S Rajagopal
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Guyonnet E, Kim SJ, Pullella K, Zhang CXW, McCuaig JM, Armel S, Narod SA, Kotsopoulos J. Vitamin D and Calcium Supplement Use and High-Risk Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study among BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2790. [PMID: 37345127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D and calcium use in the development of breast cancer among women in the general population is not clear. Furthermore, whether vitamin D and calcium supplement use are associated with breast cancer in high-risk populations has not been evaluated. Thus, we evaluated the association between vitamin D and/or calcium supplement use and breast cancer among women with a pathogenic variant (mutation) in BRCA1 or BRCA2. BRCA mutation carriers enrolled in a longitudinal study were invited to complete a supplemental questionnaire on lifetime supplement use. Cases included women with a prevalent diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, and controls had no history of breast cancer. Vitamin D and calcium use were categorized as never/ever use, and as tertiles of supplement intake (total average daily supplement use). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer. This study included 134 breast cancer cases and 276 controls. Women who used vitamin D-containing supplements had 46% lower odds of having breast cancer compared to those who never used supplements (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.31, 0.91; p = 0.02). Increasing vitamin D and calcium supplement intake was inversely associated with the odds of having breast cancer (p-trend = 0.04). Findings were suggestively stronger among BRCA1 mutation carriers; however, analyses were limited by small strata. These findings suggest a potential inverse association between vitamin D and calcium supplementation and BRCA breast cancer. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings and accurately inform clinical care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guyonnet
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shana J Kim
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Katherine Pullella
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cindy X W Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeanna M McCuaig
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Susan Armel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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8
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Zemlin C, Altmayer L, Stuhlert C, Schleicher JT, Wörmann C, Lang M, Scherer LS, Thul IC, Spenner LS, Simon JA, Wind A, Kaiser E, Weber R, Goedicke-Fritz S, Wagenpfeil G, Zemlin M, Solomayer EF, Reichrath J, Müller C. Prevalence and Relevance of Vitamin D Deficiency in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061450. [PMID: 36986179 PMCID: PMC10056197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in many types of cancer. It was the aim of this study to analyze serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, and the association with prognostic and lifestyle factors. (2) Methods: 110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were included in the prospective observational “BEGYN” study at Saarland University Medical Center between September 2019 and January 2021. At the initiation visit, serum 25(OH)D levels were measured. Clinicopathological data on prognosis, nutrition, and lifestyle were extracted from data files and obtained using a questionnaire. (3) Results: Median serum 25(OH)D in breast cancer patients was 24 ng/mL (range 5–65 ng/mL), with 64.8% of patients being vitamin D deficient. 25(OH)D was higher among patients that reported the use of vitamin D supplements (43 ng/mL versus 22 ng/mL; p < 0.001), and in summer compared to other seasons (p = 0.03). Patients with moderate vitamin D deficiency were less likely to have triple negative breast cancer (p = 0.047). (4) Conclusions: Routinely measured vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients and needs to be detected and treated. However, our results do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may be a main prognostic factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Zemlin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura Altmayer
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Stuhlert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Julia Theresa Schleicher
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Wörmann
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marina Lang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Sophie Scherer
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ida Clara Thul
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisanne Sophie Spenner
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jana Alisa Simon
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alina Wind
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Regine Weber
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics (IMBEI), Saarland University, Campus Homburg, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1628-000
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9
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Oral Health in Breast Cancer Women with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Machine Learning Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164662. [PMID: 36012901 PMCID: PMC9410090 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) commonly show several pathological issues, including poor oral health, bone health impairment, and vitamin D deficiency. However, to date, oral health issues in BC survivors treated with AIs have been poorly investigated and their relationship with vitamin D deficiency are far from being understood. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between oral health and vitamin D status in BC survivors undergoing treatment with AIs through a machine learning approach. In this cross-sectional study, we included post-menopausal BC women with vitamin D deficiency undergoing AIs therapy. The outcome measures were the following: oral health indexes as the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Permanent Teeth Index (DMFT); serum levels of 25(OH)D3; Bone Mineral Density (BMD); and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. We included 41 post-menopausal BC women, mean aged 66.10 ± 8.47 years, with mean serum levels of vitamin D of 14.63 ± 6.62 ng/mL. Furthermore, 56.10% of patients had a diagnosis of osteoporosis and 36.59% were osteopenic. DMFT was significantly related to smoking (p-value = 0.005) and dental floss use (p-value = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between DMFT and vitamin D levels (Pearson’s r: −0.73; p-value = 0.001). The regression machine learning model showed that vitamin D status and the use of dental floss were the most relevant variables in terms of correlation with DMFT. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency, inadequate use of dental floss, and smoking had a negative impact on oral health in BC women. Thus, vitamin D deficiency screening and supplementation and a prompt oral rehabilitation plan should be suggested and implemented in the complex treatment framework of BC survivors undergoing treatment with AIs.
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10
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Thabet RH, Gomaa AA, Matalqah LM, Shalaby EM. Vitamin D: an essential adjuvant therapeutic agent in breast cancer. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221113800. [PMID: 35883275 PMCID: PMC9340350 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221113800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low serum levels of vitamin D have been reported as a risk factor for breast
cancer. This narrative review provides an update on the impact of vitamin D on
hormone receptors, notably estrogen receptor subunits, and gives insights on
possible therapeutic interventions to overcome breast cancer. In addition,
evidence that supports the beneficial use of vitamin D as adjuvant treatment of
breast cancer is summarized. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly widespread in
patients with triple-negative tumors. Several studies have observed a possible
modulatory effect of vitamin D or its analogues on the expression of different
hormone receptors in breast cancer and increased sensitivity to tamoxifen.
Vitamin D possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in patients
with breast cancer, and the mechanism of action of vitamin D in patients with
breast cancer is discussed. In conclusion, vitamin D appears to have a
beneficial role in the prevention and management of breast cancer, however,
large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effects of
vitamin D in breast cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romany H Thabet
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
| | - Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.,Center for Research on Management of Age-Related Diseases, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Laila M Matalqah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
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11
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Vitamin D May Protect against Breast Cancer through the Regulation of Long Noncoding RNAs by VDR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063189. [PMID: 35328609 PMCID: PMC8950893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary vitamin D3 has attracted wide interest as a natural compound for breast cancer prevention and therapy, supported by in vitro and animal studies. The exact mechanism of such action of vitamin D3 is unknown and may include several independent or partly dependent pathways. The active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D, calcitriol), binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and induces its translocation to the nucleus, where it transactivates a myriad of genes. Vitamin D3 is involved in the maintenance of a normal epigenetic profile whose disturbance may contribute to breast cancer. In general, the protective effect of vitamin D3 against breast cancer is underlined by inhibition of proliferation and migration, stimulation of differentiation and apoptosis, and inhibition of epithelial/mesenchymal transition in breast cells. Vitamin D3 may also inhibit the transformation of normal mammary progenitors into breast cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the growth of breast tumors. As long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in breast cancer pathogenesis, and the specific mechanisms underlying this role are poorly understood, we provided several arguments that vitamin D3/VDR may induce protective effects in breast cancer through modulation of lncRNAs that are important for breast cancer pathogenesis. The main lncRNAs candidates to mediate the protective effect of vitamin D3 in breast cancer are lncBCAS1-4_1, AFAP1 antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 511 (LINC00511), LINC00346, small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6), and SNHG16, but there is a rationale to explore several other lncRNAs.
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Atoum MF, Alzoughool FE, Al-Mazaydeh ZA, Rammaha MS, Tahtamouni LH. Vitamin B12 enhances the antitumor activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 via activation of caspases and targeting actin cytoskeleton. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:17-35. [PMID: 35180142 DOI: 10.3233/tub-211536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is an effective anticancer agent, and when combined with other agents it shows superior activities. Vitamin B12 has been shown to contribute to increasing the effectiveness of anticancer drugs when used in combination. Thus, the current study aimed at investigating the anticancer potential of the combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin B12. METHODS MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic activity of combining 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin B12 against six different cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The surviving fraction after clonogenic assay was measured, and the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3/B12 combination on the activity of different caspases, cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, cell morphology, and percentage of polarized cells were evaluated. RESULTS Vitamin B12 did not cause cytotoxicity, however, it enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1,25(OH)2D3 against cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its combination with vitamin B12 was not evident in the normal mammary MCF10A cell line indicating cancer cell-specificity. The cytotoxic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3/B12 combination occurred in a dose-dependent manner and was attributed to apoptosis induction which was mediated by caspase 4 and 8. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3/B12-treated cells showed enhanced inhibition of clonogenic tumor growth, reduced cell adhesion, reduced cell area, reduced percentage of cell polarization, and disorganized actin cytoskeleton resulting in reduced migratory phenotype when compared to cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 alone. CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin B12 exhibited synergistic anticancer effects against different cancer cell lines. The combination therapy of 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin B12 may provide a potential adjunctive treatment option for some cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar F Atoum
- Department Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Foad E Alzoughool
- Department Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Fujairah Women's College, Higher Colleges Technology, UAE
| | - Zainab A Al-Mazaydeh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Majdoleen S Rammaha
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lubna H Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Dogra AK, Prakash A, Gupta S, Gupta M, Bhat SA. Genetic variations of vitamin D receptor gene and steroid receptors status in breast cancer risk: An updated review. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Bilani N, Elson L, Szuchan C, Elimimian E, Saleh M, Nahleh Z. Newly-identified Pathways Relating Vitamin D to Carcinogenesis: A Review. In Vivo 2021; 35:1345-1354. [PMID: 33910812 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological relationship between vitamin D levels and cancer has been thoroughly investigated. Published data from large studies appear to corroborate a significant relationship between higher serum vitamin D concentrations and improved survival. Mechanistic reviews on commonly-studied cancers - including breast cancer, colon cancer and melanoma - focus predominantly on data from older studies. In outlining avenues for future research, we believe there is utility in summarizing novel findings introduced to the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this narrative review, we used MEDLINE, PUBMED and Cochrane databases to identify mechanistic studies published from January 1, 2015 onwards exploring this topic. RESULTS Twenty-five mechanistic studies were included in this review. It was found that vitamin D plays a critical role in both direct (i.e. tumor gene expression, proliferation, invasiveness, sensitivity to chemotherapy etc.) and indirect (i.e. effects on the tumor microenvironment and immunomodulation) tumor suppression mechanisms. CONCLUSION These newly-identified pathways warrant further research, with the hopes that we may understand how and when vitamin D supplementation can be integrated into precision medicine therapeutics for cancers of the breast, colon and skin. Cancer care providers should consider recommendations to screen for vitamin D deficiency in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Bilani
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A.;
| | - Leah Elson
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | - Charles Szuchan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Elimimian
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | | | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
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Vitamin D Effects on Cell Differentiation and Stemness in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092413. [PMID: 32854355 PMCID: PMC7563562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is the precursor of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a pleiotropic hormone that is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates the phenotype and physiology of many cell types by controlling the expression of hundreds of genes in a tissue- and cell-specific fashion. Vitamin D deficiency is common among cancer patients and numerous studies have reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes the differentiation of a wide panel of cultured carcinoma cells, frequently associated with a reduction in cell proliferation and survival. A major mechanism of this action is inhibition of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which in turn is largely based on antagonism of the Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and EGF signaling pathways. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 controls the gene expression profile and phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are important players in the tumorigenic process. Moreover, recent data suggest a regulatory role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the biology of normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we revise the current knowledge of the molecular and genetic basis of the regulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 of the differentiation and stemness of human carcinoma cells, CAFs and CSCs. These effects support a homeostatic non-cytotoxic anticancer action of 1,25(OH)2D3 based on reprogramming of the phenotype of several cell types.
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