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Xu Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Xu F. Characteristics of sodium and water retention in rats with nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:309. [PMID: 37880610 PMCID: PMC10599035 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by renal sodium and water retention. The mechanisms are not fully elucidated. METHODS The NS rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). The plasma electrolyte level and urinary sodium excretion were monitored dynamically. The changes of some sodium transporters, including epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) and Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) in renal cortex at different time points and the level of peripheral circulation factors were detected. RESULTS The urinary sodium excretion of the model group increased significantly on the first day, then decreased compared with the control group, and there was no significant difference between the model group and the control group on the 12th day. The changes of peripheral circulation factors were not obvious. Some sodium transporters in renal cortex increased in varying degrees, while NKCC2 decreased significantly compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of NS edema may not be related to the angiotensin system. The decrease of urinary sodium excretion is independent of the development of albuminuria. During the 18 days of observation, it can be divided into three stages: sodium retention, sodium compensation, and simple water retention. The mechanism is related to the increased expression of α-ENaC, γ-ENaC, NHE3 and NCC in a certain period of time, the compensatory decrease of NKCC2 expression and the continuous increase of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiping Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Rudolphi CF, Blijdorp CJ, van Willigenburg H, Salih M, Hoorn EJ. Urinary extracellular vesicles and tubular transport. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022:6659197. [PMID: 35945648 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular transport is a key function of the kidney to maintain electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) harbor water, electrolyte, and acid-base transporters expressed at the apical plasma membrane of tubular epithelial cells. Within the uEV proteome, the correlations between kidney and uEV protein abundances are strongest for tubular transporters. Therefore, uEVs offer a non-invasive approach to probe tubular transport in health and disease. Here, we will review how kidney tubular physiology is reflected in uEVs and, conversely, how uEVs may modify tubular transport. Clinically, uEV tubular transporter profiling has been applied to rare diseases such as inherited tubulopathies, but also to more common conditions such as hypertension and kidney disease. Although uEVs hold the promise to advance the diagnosis of kidney disease to the molecular level, several biological and technical complexities still need to be addressed. The future will tell if uEV analysis will mainly be a powerful tool to study tubular physiology in humans or if it will move forward to become a diagnostic bedside test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crissy F Rudolphi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles J Blijdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester van Willigenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdi Salih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Gan J, Zeng X, Wang X, Wu Y, Lei P, Wang Z, Yang C, Hu Z. Effective Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Based on mRNAs From Urinary Exosomes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:736110. [PMID: 35402423 PMCID: PMC8983915 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.736110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel non-invasive biomarkers are urgently required to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the diagnostic value of following candidate genes (ERG, PCA3, ARV7, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM) were estimated by testing mRNAs from urinary exosomes of patients with primary PCa. Methods Exosomes were obtained using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), out of which RNAs were extracted, then analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction according to manufacturer's protocol. Results The expression of urinary exosomal ERG, PCA3, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM were significantly increased in patients with PCa compared with healthy males. In addition, the levels of urinary exosomal ERG, ARV7, and PSMA were intimately correlated with the Gleason score in PCa patients (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) showed that urinary exosomal ERG, PCA3, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM were able to distinguish patients with PCa from healthy individuals with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.782, 0.783, 0.772, 0.731, and 0.739, respectively. Urinary exosomal PCA3 and PSMA distinguished PCa patients from healthy individuals with an AUC of 0.870. Combination of urinary exosomal PCA3, PSMA with serum PSA and PI-RADS achieved higher AUC compared with PSA alone (0.914 and 0.846, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that PCA3, ARV7, and EpCAM were associated in androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) failure time which is defined as from the initiation of ADT in hormone-sensitive stage to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Conclusion These findings suggested that mRNAs from urinary exosomes have the potential in serving as novel and non-invasive indicators for PCa diagnosis and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Gan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Aboubakr M, Abdelkader A, Habotta OA, Adel N, Emam MA, Abdelhiee EY, Shanab O, Shoghy K, Elnoury H, Soliman MM, Ibrahim SF, Abdeen A. Cefepime and diclofenac sodium combined treatment-potentiated multiple organ injury: Role of oxidative damage and disrupted lipid metabolism. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22929. [PMID: 34676623 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent exposure to antimicrobial and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is usually inevitable in most infections and postsurgery. Consequently, the present study was designed to assess the intertwining impact of coadministration of cefepime (CP, a wide spectrum antibiotic) and diclofenac sodium (DF, an NSAID) on rat's liver, kidney, and testes. Rats received saline, CP (180 mg/kg/day, IM), DF (10 mg/kg/day, IM), or a combination of CP and DF. After 14 days, CP or DF induced tissue damage expressed by marked biochemical alterations in hepatic and renal function tests. Besides this, disrupted lipid metabolism and testosterone levels along with significant histological changes in hepatic, renal, and testicular tissues were noticed. A significant increase in malondialdehyde and decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities alongside significant upregulated caspase 3 expression in tissues following CP or DF treatment suggested a bearable influence of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Accordingly, the simultaneous therapy of CP and DF evoked more obvious tissue damage than their individual treatment. Overall, data concluded that concurrent use of CP and DF in medical practice is a worrisome matter, so it should be done cautiously to avoid synergistic deleterious outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nisreen Adel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Emam
- Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ehab Y Abdelhiee
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Obeid Shanab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Khaled Shoghy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Heba Elnoury
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah F Ibrahim
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
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Oshikawa‐Hori S, Yokota‐Ikeda N, Sonoda H, Sasaki Y, Ikeda M. Reduced urinary release of AQP1- and AQP2-bearing extracellular vesicles in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15005. [PMID: 34435473 PMCID: PMC8387789 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have shown that release of water channel proteins, aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP2 in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV-AQP1 and -AQP2), were altered in experimental kidney injury models, their release in human chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether the release of uEV-AQP1 and -AQP2 is altered in patients with CKD. Urine samples were collected from 15 healthy volunteers (normal group) and 62 CKD patients who were categorized into six glomerular filtration rate (GFR) categories (G1, G2, G3a, G3b, G4, and G5) in between 2005 and 2016 at Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan. uEV-proteins were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. The release of AQP1 and AQP2 were significantly decreased in patients with both CKD G4 and G5, in comparison with the normal group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values for AQP1 and AQP2 in patients with CKD G4 and G5 were 0.926 and 0.881, respectively. On the other hand, the AUC values in patients with CKD G1-G3 were 0.512 for AQP1 and 0.680 for AQP2. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that AQP1 and AQP2 in combination were useful for detecting CKD G4 and G5, with a higher AUC value of 0.945. These results suggest that the release of uEV-AQP1 and -AQP2 was decreased in patients with CKD G4 and G5, and these proteins might be helpful to detect advanced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Oshikawa‐Hori
- Department of Veterinary PharmacologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Naoko Yokota‐Ikeda
- Department of NephrologyMiyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki HospitalMiyazakiJapan
| | - Hiroko Sonoda
- Department of Veterinary PharmacologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Yosuke Sasaki
- Department of Animal and Grassland SciencesFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Department of Veterinary PharmacologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
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Brandoni A, Torres AM. Renal expression and urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in postobstructive uropathy in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:619-626. [PMID: 34048270 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work assessed the time course of water renal management together with aquaporin-2 (AQP2) kidney expression and urinary AQP2 levels (AQP2u) in obstructive nephropathy. Adult male Wistar rats were monitored after 1, 2, and 7 days of bilateral ureteral release (bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO); BUO-1, BUO-2 and BUO-7). Renal water handling was evaluated using conventional clearance techniques. AQP2 levels were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques. AQP2 expression in apical membranes was downregulated in BUO-1 rats and upregulated both in BUO-2 and BUO-7 animals. AQP2 protein expression in whole cell lysate fraction from kidney cortex and medulla were significantly decreased in all the experimental groups. Concomitantly, mRNA levels of AQP2 decreased in renal medulla of all groups and in renal cortex from BUO-1; however, in renal cortex from BUO-2 and BUO-7 a recovery and an increase in the level of AQP2 mRNA were, respectively, observed. BUO-7 group showed a significant increase in AQP2u. The alterations observed in apical membranes AQP2 expression could explain, at least in part, the evolution time of water kidney management in the postobstructive phase of BUO. Additionally, the AQP2u increase after 7 days of ureteral release may be postulated as a biomarker of improvement in the kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Brandoni
- Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Santa Fe 2000, Argentina.,Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Santa Fe 2000, Argentina
| | - Adriana M Torres
- Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Santa Fe 2000, Argentina.,Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Santa Fe 2000, Argentina
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Detection and Investigation of Extracellular Vesicles in Serum and Urine Supernatant of Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030466. [PMID: 33800141 PMCID: PMC7998238 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently identified urological cancers. PCa patients are often over-diagnosed due to still not highly specific diagnostic methods. The need for more accurate diagnostic tools to prevent overestimated diagnosis and unnecessary treatment of patients with non-malignant conditions is clear, and new markers and methods are strongly desirable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promises as liquid biopsy-based markers. Despite the biological and technical issues present in their detection and study, these particles can be found highly abundantly in the biofluid and encompass a wealth of macromolecules that have been reported to be related to many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer onset, metastasis spreading, and treatment resistance. The present study aims to perform a technical feasibility study to develop a new workflow for investigating EVs from several biological sources. Serum and urinary supernatant EVs of PCa, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and healthy donors were isolated and investigated by a fast, easily performable, and cost-effective cytofluorimetric approach for a multiplex detection of 37 EV-antigens. We also observed significant alterations in serum and urinary supernatant EVs potentially related to BPH and PCa, suggesting a potential clinical application of this workflow.
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Coenzyme Q10 supplementation mitigates piroxicam-induced oxidative injury and apoptotic pathways in the stomach, liver, and kidney. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110627. [PMID: 34321156 PMCID: PMC7453214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PM produced oxidative stress in gastric, liver, and kidney tissue. PM-induced toxicity was mediated by ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction. PM enhanced the activated caspase-3 expression. CoQ10 alleviates PM-induced gastropathy and hepato-renal damage. CoQ10 might be effective in COVID-19 treatment regimen.
Piroxicam (PM) is an oxicam-NSAID commonly recommended for various pain and associated inflammatory disorders. However, it is reported to have a gastric and hepato-renal toxic effect. Therefore, the current research was planned to investigate the possible mechanisms behind the mitigating action of the coenzyme (CoQ10), a natural, free radical scavenger, against PM tissue injury. Rats were assigned to five equal groups; Control, CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, orally), PM (7 mg/kg, i.p.), CoQ + PM L, and CoQ + PM H group. After 28 days, PM provoked severe gastric ulceration and marked liver and kidney damage indicated by an elevated gastric ulcer index and considerable alteration in liver and kidney biochemical tests. The toxic effects might be attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as indicated by enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with decreased reduced-glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity. Apoptotic cell death also was demonstrated by increased regulation of activated caspase-3 in the stomach, liver, and kidney tissues. Interestingly, external supplementation of CoQ10 attenuated the PM-inflicted deleterious oxidative harm and apoptosis. This ameliorative action was ascribed to the free radical scavenging activity of CoQ10.
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