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Hao M, Xue L, Wen X, Sun L, Zhang L, Xing K, Hu X, Xu J, Xing D. Advancing bone regeneration: Unveiling the potential of 3D cell models in the evaluation of bone regenerative materials. Acta Biomater 2024; 183:1-29. [PMID: 38815683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Bone, a rigid yet regenerative tissue, has garnered extensive attention for its impressive healing abilities. Despite advancements in understanding bone repair and creating treatments for bone injuries, handling nonunions and large defects remains a major challenge in orthopedics. The rise of bone regenerative materials is transforming the approach to bone repair, offering innovative solutions for nonunions and significant defects, and thus reshaping orthopedic care. Evaluating these materials effectively is key to advancing bone tissue regeneration, especially in difficult healing scenarios, making it a critical research area. Traditional evaluation methods, including two-dimensional cell models and animal models, have limitations in predicting accurately. This has led to exploring alternative methods, like 3D cell models, which provide fresh perspectives for assessing bone materials' regenerative potential. This paper discusses various techniques for constructing 3D cell models, their pros and cons, and crucial factors to consider when using these models to evaluate bone regenerative materials. We also highlight the significance of 3D cell models in the in vitro assessments of these materials, discuss their current drawbacks and limitations, and suggest future research directions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work addresses the challenge of evaluating bone regenerative materials (BRMs) crucial for bone tissue engineering. It explores the emerging role of 3D cell models as superior alternatives to traditional methods for assessing these materials. By dissecting the construction, key factors of evaluating, advantages, limitations, and practical considerations of 3D cell models, the paper elucidates their significance in overcoming current evaluation method shortcomings. It highlights how these models offer a more physiologically relevant and ethically preferable platform for the precise assessment of BRMs. This contribution is particularly significant for "Acta Biomaterialia" readership, as it not only synthesizes current knowledge but also propels the discourse forward in the search for advanced solutions in bone tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Hao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Linyuan Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Kunyue Xing
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26600, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Kim S, Lam PY, Jayaraman A, Han A. Uniform sized cancer spheroids production using hydrogel-based droplet microfluidics: a review. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:26. [PMID: 38806765 PMCID: PMC11241584 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been extensively utilized in various mechanistic studies as well as for drug development studies as superior in vitro platforms than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models. This is especially the case in cancer biology, where 3D cancer models, such as spheroids or organoids, have been utilized extensively to understand the mechanisms of cancer development. Recently, many sophisticated 3D models such as organ-on-a-chip models are emerging as advanced in vitro models that can more accurately mimic the in vivo tissue functions. Despite such advancements, spheroids are still considered as a powerful 3D cancer model due to the relatively simple structure and compatibility with existing laboratory instruments, and also can provide orders of magnitude higher throughput than complex in vitro models, an extremely important aspects for drug development. However, creating well-defined spheroids remain challenging, both in terms of throughputs in generation as well as reproducibility in size and shape that can make it challenging for drug testing applications. In the past decades, droplet microfluidics utilizing hydrogels have been highlighted due to their potentials. Importantly, core-shell structured gel droplets can avoid spheroid-to-spheroid adhesion that can cause large variations in assays while also enabling long-term cultivation of spheroids with higher uniformity by protecting the core organoid area from external environment while the outer porous gel layer still allows nutrient exchange. Hence, core-shell gel droplet-based spheroid formation can improve the predictivity and reproducibility of drug screening assays. This review paper will focus on droplet microfluidics-based technologies for cancer spheroid production using various gel materials and structures. In addition, we will discuss emerging technologies that have the potential to advance the production of spheroids, prospects of such technologies, and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Po Yi Lam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Chen W, Wu P, Jin C, Chen Y, Li C, Qian H. Advances in the application of extracellular vesicles derived from three-dimensional culture of stem cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:215. [PMID: 38693585 PMCID: PMC11064407 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have been used therapeutically for decades, yet their applications are limited by factors such as the risk of immune rejection and potential tumorigenicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key paracrine component of stem cell potency, overcome the drawbacks of stem cell applications as a cell-free therapeutic agent and play an important role in treating various diseases. However, EVs derived from two-dimensional (2D) planar culture of SCs have low yield and face challenges in large-scale production, which hinders the clinical translation of EVs. Three-dimensional (3D) culture, given its ability to more realistically simulate the in vivo environment, can not only expand SCs in large quantities, but also improve the yield and activity of EVs, changing the content of EVs and improving their therapeutic effects. In this review, we briefly describe the advantages of EVs and EV-related clinical applications, provide an overview of 3D cell culture, and finally focus on specific applications and future perspectives of EVs derived from 3D culture of different SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Can Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinjie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Żuchowska A, Baranowska P, Flont M, Brzózka Z, Jastrzębska E. Review: 3D cell models for organ-on-a-chip applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1301:342413. [PMID: 38553129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cultures do not fully reflect the human organs' physiology and the real effectiveness of the used therapy. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly used in bioanalytical science. Organ-on-a-chip systems are used to obtain cellular in vitro models, better reflecting the human body's in vivo characteristics and allowing us to obtain more reliable results than standard preclinical models. Such 3D models can be used to understand the behavior of tissues/organs in response to selected biophysical and biochemical factors, pathological conditions (the mechanisms of their formation), drug screening, or inter-organ interactions. This review characterizes 3D models obtained in microfluidic systems. These include spheroids/aggregates, hydrogel cultures, multilayers, organoids, or cultures on biomaterials. Next, the methods of formation of different 3D cultures in Organ-on-a-chip systems are presented, and examples of such Organ-on-a-chip systems are discussed. Finally, current applications of 3D cell-on-a-chip systems and future perspectives are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Żuchowska
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Baranowska
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Flont
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
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Abraham N, Kolipaka T, Pandey G, Negi M, Srinivasarao DA, Srivastava S. Revolutionizing pancreatic islet organoid transplants: Improving engraftment and exploring future frontiers. Life Sci 2024; 343:122545. [PMID: 38458556 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) manifests due to pancreatic beta cell destruction, causing insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. Current therapies are inadequate for brittle diabetics, necessitating pancreatic islet transplants, which however, introduces its own set of challenges such as paucity of donors, rigorous immunosuppression and autoimmune rejection. Organoid technology represents a significant stride in the field of regenerative medicine and bypasses donor-based approaches. Hence this article focuses on strategies enhancing the in vivo engraftment of islet organoids (IOs), namely vascularization, encapsulation, immune evasion, alternative extra-hepatic transplant sites and 3D bioprinting. Hypoxia-induced necrosis and delayed revascularization attenuate organoid viability and functional capacity, alleviated by the integration of diverse cell types e.g., human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to boost vascularization. Encapsulation with biocompatible materials and genetic modifications counters immune damage, while extra-hepatic sites avoid surgical complications and immediate blood-mediated inflammatory reactions (IBMIR). Customizable 3D bioprinting may help augment the viability and functionality of IOs. While the clinical translation of IOs faces hurdles, preliminary results show promise. This article underscores the importance of addressing challenges in IO transplantation to advance their use in treating type 1 diabetes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noella Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Tejaswini Kolipaka
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mansi Negi
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Zieger V, Woehr E, Zimmermann S, Frejek D, Koltay P, Zengerle R, Kartmann S. Automated Nanodroplet Dispensing for Large-Scale Spheroid Generation via Hanging Drop and Parallelized Lossless Spheroid Harvesting. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:231. [PMID: 38398960 PMCID: PMC10893090 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Creating model systems that replicate in vivo tissues is crucial for understanding complex biological pathways like drug response and disease progression. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, especially multicellular spheroids (MCSs), offer valuable insights into physiological processes. However, generating MCSs at scale with consistent properties and efficiently recovering them pose challenges. We introduce a workflow that automates large-scale spheroid production and enables parallel harvesting into individual wells of a microtiter plate. Our method, based on the hanging-drop technique, utilizes a non-contact dispenser for dispensing nanoliter droplets of a uniformly mixed-cell suspension. The setup allows for extended processing times of up to 45 min without compromising spheroid quality. As a proof of concept, we achieved a 99.3% spheroid generation efficiency and maintained highly consistent spheroid sizes, with a coefficient of variance below 8% for MCF7 spheroids. Our centrifugation-based drop transfer for spheroid harvesting achieved a sample recovery of 100%. We successfully transferred HT29 spheroids from hanging drops to individual wells preloaded with collagen matrices, where they continued to proliferate. This high-throughput workflow opens new possibilities for prolonged spheroid cultivation, advanced downstream assays, and increased hands-off time in complex 3D cell culture protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zieger
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.); (P.K.); (R.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Ellen Woehr
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (E.W.); (D.F.)
- Study Program Molecular and Technical Medicine, Faculty Medical and Life Science, University of Furtwangen, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.); (P.K.); (R.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Daniel Frejek
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (E.W.); (D.F.)
| | - Peter Koltay
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.); (P.K.); (R.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.); (P.K.); (R.Z.); (S.K.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (E.W.); (D.F.)
| | - Sabrina Kartmann
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.); (P.K.); (R.Z.); (S.K.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (E.W.); (D.F.)
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Esmaeili A, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Co-culture engineering: a promising strategy for production of engineered extracellular vesicle for osteoarthritis treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:29. [PMID: 38200606 PMCID: PMC10782541 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a significant factor in intercellular communication in different disease treatments, including osteoarthritis (OA). Compared to the conventional approaches in treating OA, EV therapy is a non-invasive and cell-free method. However, improving the yield of EVs and their therapeutic effects are the main challenges for clinical applications. In this regard, researchers are using the EV engineering potential to overcome these challenges. New findings suggest that the co-culture strategy as an indirect EV engineering method efficiently increases EV production and quality. The co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has improved their chondrogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and regenerative properties which are mediated by EVs. Hence, co-culture engineering by considerable systems could be useful in producing engineered EVs for different therapeutic applications. Here, we review various co-culture approaches, including diverse direct and indirect, 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as static and dynamic systems. Meanwhile, we suggest and discuss the advantages of combined strategies to achieve engineered EVs for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Esmaeili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Mishra A, Kai R, Atkuru S, Dai Y, Piccinini F, Preshaw PM, Sriram G. Fluid flow-induced modulation of viability and osteodifferentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell spheroids-on-chip. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7432-7444. [PMID: 37819086 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to integrate the spheroid culture of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) within a spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform and to investigate the influence of interstitial fluid flow on morphogenesis, cellular viability, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC spheroids. PDLSC spheroids were seeded onto the spheroid-on-chip microfluidic device and cultured under static and flow conditions. Computational analysis demonstrated the translation of fluid flow rates of 1.2 μl min-1 (low-flow) and 7.2 μl min-1 (high-flow) to maximum fluid shear stress of 59 μPa and 360 μPa for low and high-flow conditions, respectively. The spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform allowed for modulation of flow conditions leading to larger PDLSC spheroids with improved cellular viability under flow compared to static conditions. Modulation of fluid flow enhanced the osteodifferentiation potential of PDLSC spheroids, demonstrated by significantly enhanced alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase expression. Additionally, flow conditions, especially high-flow conditions, exhibited extensive calcium staining across both peripheral and central regions of the spheroids, in contrast to the predominantly peripheral staining observed under static conditions. These findings highlight the importance of fluid flow in shaping the morphological and functional properties of PDLSC spheroids. This work paves the way for future investigations exploring the interactions between PDLSC spheroids, microbial pathogens, and biomaterials within a controlled fluidic environment, offering insights for the development of innovative periodontal therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ren Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yichen Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Roman V, Mihaila M, Radu N, Marineata S, Diaconu CC, Bostan M. Cell Culture Model Evolution and Its Impact on Improving Therapy Efficiency in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4996. [PMID: 37894363 PMCID: PMC10605536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing cell culture conditions is essential to ensure experimental reproducibility. To improve the accuracy of preclinical predictions about the response of tumor cells to different classes of drugs, researchers have used 2D or 3D cell cultures in vitro to mimic the cellular processes occurring in vivo. While 2D cell culture provides valuable information on how therapeutic agents act on tumor cells, it cannot quantify how the tumor microenvironment influences the response to therapy. This review presents the necessary strategies for transitioning from 2D to 3D cell cultures, which have facilitated the rapid evolution of bioengineering techniques, leading to the development of microfluidic technology, including organ-on-chip and tumor-on-chip devices. Additionally, the study aims to highlight the impact of the advent of 3D bioprinting and microfluidic technology and their implications for improving cancer treatment and approaching personalized therapy, especially for lung cancer. Furthermore, implementing microfluidic technology in cancer studies can generate a series of challenges and future perspectives that lead to the discovery of new predictive markers or targets for antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Roman
- Center of Immunology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Mirela Mihaila
- Center of Immunology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicoleta Radu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Biotechnology Department, National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry R&D of Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefania Marineata
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050471 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Cristina Diaconu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marinela Bostan
- Center of Immunology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (V.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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Manikandan C, Jaiswal AK. Scaffold-based spheroid models of glioblastoma multiforme and its use in drug screening. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37366303 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Among several types of brain cancers, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a terminal and aggressive disease with a median survival of 15 months despite the most intensive surgery and chemotherapy. Preclinical models that accurately reproduce the tumor microenvironment are vital for developing new therapeutic alternatives. Understanding the complicated interactions between cells and their surroundings is essential to comprehend the tumor's microenvironment, however the monolayer cell culture approach falls short. Numerous approaches are used to develop GBM cells into tumor spheroids, while scaffold-based spheroids provides the opportunity to investigate the synergies between cells as well as cells and the matrix. This review summarizes the development of various scaffold-based GBM spheroid models and the prospective for their use as drug testing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceera Manikandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Zhang L, Liao W, Chen S, Chen Y, Cheng P, Lu X, Ma Y. Towards a New 3Rs Era in the construction of 3D cell culture models simulating tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146477. [PMID: 37077835 PMCID: PMC10106600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture technology (3DCC) sits between two-dimensional cell culture (2DCC) and animal models and is widely used in oncology research. Compared to 2DCC, 3DCC allows cells to grow in a three-dimensional space, better simulating the in vivo growth environment of tumors, including hypoxia, nutrient concentration gradients, micro angiogenesis mimicism, and the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment matrix. 3DCC has unparalleled advantages when compared to animal models, being more controllable, operable, and convenient. This review summarizes the comparison between 2DCC and 3DCC, as well as recent advances in different methods to obtain 3D models and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Liao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengrui Cheng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Lu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Casajuana Ester M, Day RM. Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020663. [PMID: 36839984 PMCID: PMC9961751 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers, cell-free therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers. Despite their great clinical potential, poor yield and unscalable production of EVs remain significant challenges. When using 3D culture methods, such as scaffolds and bioreactors, large numbers of cells can be expanded and the cell environment can be manipulated to control the cell phenotype. This has been employed to successfully increase the production of EVs as well as to enhance their therapeutic effects. The physiological relevance of 3D cultures, such as spheroids, has also provided a strategy for understanding the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of several diseases and to evaluate their role as tools to deliver drugs. Additionally, 3D culture methods can encapsulate EVs to achieve more sustained therapeutic effects as well as prevent premature clearance of EVs to enable more localised delivery and concentrated exosome dosage. This review highlights the opportunities and drawbacks of different 3D culture methods and their use in EV research.
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13
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Tevlek A, Kecili S, Ozcelik OS, Kulah H, Tekin HC. Spheroid Engineering in Microfluidic Devices. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3630-3649. [PMID: 36743071 PMCID: PMC9893254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques are commonly employed to investigate biophysical and biochemical cellular responses. However, these culture methods, having monolayer cells, lack cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, mimicking the cell microenvironment and multicellular organization. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods enable equal transportation of nutrients, gas, and growth factors among cells and their microenvironment. Therefore, 3D cultures show similar cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation properties to in vivo. A spheroid is defined as self-assembled 3D cell aggregates, and it closely mimics a cell microenvironment in vitro thanks to cell-cell/matrix interactions, which enables its use in several important applications in medical and clinical research. To fabricate a spheroid, conventional methods such as liquid overlay, hanging drop, and so forth are available. However, these labor-intensive methods result in low-throughput fabrication and uncontrollable spheroid sizes. On the other hand, microfluidic methods enable inexpensive and rapid fabrication of spheroids with high precision. Furthermore, fabricated spheroids can also be cultured in microfluidic devices for controllable cell perfusion, simulation of fluid shear effects, and mimicking of the microenvironment-like in vivo conditions. This review focuses on recent microfluidic spheroid fabrication techniques and also organ-on-a-chip applications of spheroids, which are used in different disease modeling and drug development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Tevlek
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Seren Kecili
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ozge S. Ozcelik
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kulah
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- The
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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14
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Guo L, Shan J, Ran P, Yin S, Liu C, Li J. Permeation-Enhanced Degassing Method Based on Xylem Embolism Repair and Gas Permeable Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12373-12381. [PMID: 36171077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have developed a wide range of applications in the fields of biomedicine, chemistry, and analytical science. But it is easy to form and accumulate bubbles in microfluidic devices. These bubbles could decrease the detection sensitivity, cause inaccurate analysis results, and even damage the functional region of the device. Inspired by the embolism repair mechanism of angiosperms and the permeability of gas permeable materials, this work proposes a bioinspired permeation-enhanced degassing method. Bionic redundant pits are used in this method to keep bubbles from spreading between microchannels and maintain the continuity of the flow. A hydrophobic gas permeable material is used to enhance the bubble capture capability and accelerate the degassing process. This method can eliminate bubbles automatically and continuously in real time without auxiliary equipment. Compared to the bubble removal only depending on solution in water, the degassing effect of the permeation-enhanced degassing method shows about 1.6 times improvement in the same conditions, and the capability of trapping bubbles is improved by 1.33 times. In this paper, this method was integrated into a concentration gradient generator and a cell culture device. The results show that the concentration gradient generator with degassing structures can dissolve bubbles in a rapid way and reach the stability of the concentration gradient within 5-15 min. The degassing method can run for a long time and improve the cell density and cell viability of HeLa cells up to 2.64 and 1.12 times, respectively. The method has a broad application prospect in microfluidic fields including biomedical fluid processing, virus detection, and microscale reactor operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guo
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Shan
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Penghui Ran
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuqing Yin
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingmin Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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15
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Fuentes P, Torres MJ, Arancibia R, Aulestia F, Vergara M, Carrión F, Osses N, Altamirano C. Dynamic Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Spheroids and Secretion of Paracrine Factors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916229. [PMID: 36046670 PMCID: PMC9421039 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, conditioned medium (CM) obtained from the culture of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to effectively promote tissue repair and modulate the immune response in vitro and in different animal models, with potential for application in regenerative medicine. Using CM offers multiple advantages over the implantation of MSCs themselves: 1) simpler storage, transport, and preservation requirements, 2) avoidance of the inherent risks of cell transplantation, and 3) potential application as a ready-to-go biologic product. For these reasons, a large amount of MSCs research has focused on the characterization of the obtained CM, including soluble trophic factors and vesicles, preconditioning strategies for enhancing paracrine secretion, such as hypoxia, a three-dimensional (3D) environment, and biochemical stimuli, and potential clinical applications. In vitro preconditioning strategies can increase the viability, proliferation, and paracrine properties of MSCs and therefore improve the therapeutic potential of the cells and their derived products. Specifically, dynamic cultivation conditions, such as fluid flow and 3D aggregate culture, substantially impact cellular behaviour. Increased levels of growth factors and cytokines were observed in 3D cultures of MSC grown on orbital or rotatory shaking platforms, in stirred systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors, and in microgravity bioreactors. However, only a few studies have established dynamic culture conditions and protocols for 3D aggregate cultivation of MSCs as a scalable and reproducible strategy for CM production. This review summarizes significant advances into the upstream processing, mainly the dynamic generation and cultivation of MSC aggregates, for de CM manufacture and focuses on the standardization of the soluble factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Fuentes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Aulestia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Mauricio Vergara
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Osses
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- CREAS, Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia Altamirano,
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16
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Lee N, Park GT, Lim JK, Choi EB, Moon HJ, Kim DK, Choi SM, Song YC, Kim TK, Kim JH. Mesenchymal stem cell spheroids alleviate neuropathic pain by modulating chronic inflammatory response genes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940258. [PMID: 36003384 PMCID: PMC9393760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is caused by dysfunction of the peripheral nerves associated with the somatosensory system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted attention as promising cell therapeutics for chronic pain; however, their clinical application has been hampered by the poor in vivo survival and low therapeutic efficacy of transplanted cells. Increasing evidence suggests enhanced therapeutic efficacy of spheroids formed by three-dimensional culture of MSCs. In the present study, we established a neuropathic pain murine model by inducing a chronic constriction injury through ligation of the right sciatic nerve and measured the therapeutic effects and survival efficacy of spheroids. Monolayer-cultured and spheroids were transplanted into the gastrocnemius muscle close to the damaged sciatic nerve. Transplantation of spheroids alleviated chronic pain more potently and exhibited prolonged in vivo survival compared to monolayer-cultured cells. Moreover, spheroids significantly reduced macrophage infiltration into the injured tissues. Interestingly, the expression of mouse-origin genes associated with inflammatory responses, Ccl11/Eotaxin, interleukin 1A, tumor necrosis factor B, and tumor necrosis factor, was significantly attenuated by the administration of spheroids compared to that of monolayer. These results suggest that MSC spheroids exhibit enhanced in vivo survival after cell transplantation and reduced the host inflammatory response through the regulation of main chronic inflammatory response-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Lee
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Eun Bae Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hye Ji Moon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seong Min Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Kyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Ho Kim,
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17
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Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Kotta S, Deb PK, Venugopala KN. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models for Efficient Drug Discovery: Progress So Far and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:926. [PMID: 36015074 PMCID: PMC9412659 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advancements in technologies and resources, drug discovery still remains a tedious and expensive process. Though most cells are cultured using 2D monolayer cultures, due to lack of specificity, biochemical incompatibility, and cell-to-cell/matrix communications, they often lag behind in the race of modern drug discovery. There exists compelling evidence that 3D cell culture models are quite promising and advantageous in mimicking in vivo conditions. It is anticipated that these 3D cell culture methods will bridge the translation of data from 2D cell culture to animal models. Although 3D technologies have been adopted widely these days, they still have certain challenges associated with them, such as the maintenance of a micro-tissue environment similar to in vivo models and a lack of reproducibility. However, newer 3D cell culture models are able to bypass these issues to a maximum extent. This review summarizes the basic principles of 3D cell culture approaches and emphasizes different 3D techniques such as hydrogels, spheroids, microfluidic devices, organoids, and 3D bioprinting methods. Besides the progress made so far in 3D cell culture systems, the article emphasizes the various challenges associated with these models and their potential role in drug repositioning, including perspectives from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
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18
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Islam S, Parker J, Dash BC, Hsia HC. Human iPSC-Vascular smooth muscle cell spheroids demonstrate size-dependent alterations in cellular viability and secretory function. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1813-1823. [PMID: 35815599 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their differentiated vascular cells have been revolutionizing the field of regenerative wound healing. These cells are shown to be rejuvenated with immense potentials in secreting paracrine factors. Recently, hiPSC-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (hiPSC-VSMC) have shown regenerative wound healing ability via their paracrine secretion. The quest to modulate the secretory function of these hiPSC-VSMC is an ongoing effort and involves the use of both biochemical and biophysical stimuli. This study explores the development and optimization of a reproducible, inexpensive protocol to form hiPSC-VSMC derived spheroids to investigate the implications of spheroid size on viability and paracrine secretion. Our data show the successful formation of different sizes of spheroids using various amount of hiPSC-VSMC. The hiPSC-VSMC spheroids formed with 10,000 cells strike an ideal balance between overall cell health and maximal paracrine secretion. The conditioned medium from these spheroids was found to be bioactive in enhancing human dermal fibroblast cell proliferation and migration. This research will inform future studies on the optimal spheroid size for regenerative wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Islam
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jackson Parker
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Biraja C Dash
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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19
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Lee SY, Lee JW. 3D Spheroid Cultures of Stem Cells and Exosome Applications for Cartilage Repair. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070939. [PMID: 35888029 PMCID: PMC9317836 DOI: 10.3390/life12070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage is a connective tissue that constitutes the structure of the body and consists of chondrocytes that produce considerable collagenous extracellular matrix and plentiful ground substances, such as proteoglycan and elastin fibers. Self-repair is difficult when the cartilage is damaged because of insufficient blood supply, low cellularity, and limited progenitor cell numbers. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, including pellet culture, hanging droplets, liquid overlays, self-injury, and spinner culture, have attracted attention. In particular, 3D spheroid culture strategies can enhance the yield of exosome production of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) when compared to two-dimensional culture, and can improve cellular restorative function by enhancing the paracrine effects of MSCs. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, which are intercellular communication systems that carry RNAs and proteins. Information transfer affects the phenotype of recipient cells. MSC-derived exosomes can facilitate cartilage repair by promoting chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation. In this article, we reviewed recent major advances in the application of 3D culture techniques, cartilage regeneration with stem cells using 3D spheroid culture system, the effect of exosomes on chondrogenic differentiation, and chondrogenic-specific markers related to stem cell derived exosomes. Furthermore, the utilization of MSC-derived exosomes to enhance chondrogenic differentiation for osteoarthritis is discussed. If more mechanistic studies at the molecular level are conducted, MSC-spheroid-derived exosomes will supply a better therapeutic option to improve osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-899-6516; Fax: +82-32-899-6039
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20
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Mai P, Hampl J, Baca M, Brauer D, Singh S, Weise F, Borowiec J, Schmidt A, Küstner JM, Klett M, Gebinoga M, Schroeder IS, Markert UR, Glahn F, Schumann B, Eckstein D, Schober A. MatriGrid® Based Biological Morphologies: Tools for 3D Cell Culturing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050220. [PMID: 35621498 PMCID: PMC9138054 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent trends in 3D cell culturing has placed organotypic tissue models at another level. Now, not only is the microenvironment at the cynosure of this research, but rather, microscopic geometrical parameters are also decisive for mimicking a tissue model. Over the years, technologies such as micromachining, 3D printing, and hydrogels are making the foundation of this field. However, mimicking the topography of a particular tissue-relevant substrate can be achieved relatively simply with so-called template or morphology transfer techniques. Over the last 15 years, in one such research venture, we have been investigating a micro thermoforming technique as a facile tool for generating bioinspired topographies. We call them MatriGrid®s. In this research account, we summarize our learning outcome from this technique in terms of the influence of 3D micro morphologies on different cell cultures that we have tested in our laboratory. An integral part of this research is the evolution of unavoidable aspects such as possible label-free sensing and fluidic automatization. The development in the research field is also documented in this account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mai
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Jörg Hampl
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-3677-6933387 (A.S.)
| | - Martin Baca
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Dana Brauer
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Sukhdeep Singh
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Frank Weise
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Justyna Borowiec
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - André Schmidt
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.S.); (U.R.M.)
| | - Johanna Merle Küstner
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Maren Klett
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Gebinoga
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Insa S. Schroeder
- Biophysics Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Udo R. Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.S.); (U.R.M.)
| | - Felix Glahn
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany; (F.G.); (B.S.); (D.E.)
| | - Berit Schumann
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany; (F.G.); (B.S.); (D.E.)
| | - Diana Eckstein
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany; (F.G.); (B.S.); (D.E.)
| | - Andreas Schober
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (F.W.); (J.B.); (J.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-3677-6933387 (A.S.)
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21
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De Stefano P, Bianchi E, Dubini G. The impact of microfluidics in high-throughput drug-screening applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:031501. [PMID: 35646223 PMCID: PMC9142169 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is an expensive and lengthy process. Among the different phases, drug discovery and preclinical trials play an important role as only 5-10 of all drugs that begin preclinical tests proceed to clinical trials. Indeed, current high-throughput screening technologies are very expensive, as they are unable to dispense small liquid volumes in an accurate and quick way. Moreover, despite being simple and fast, drug screening assays are usually performed under static conditions, thus failing to recapitulate tissue-specific architecture and biomechanical cues present in vivo even in the case of 3D models. On the contrary, microfluidics might offer a more rapid and cost-effective alternative. Although considered incompatible with high-throughput systems for years, technological advancements have demonstrated how this gap is rapidly reducing. In this Review, we want to further outline the role of microfluidics in high-throughput drug screening applications by looking at the multiple strategies for cell seeding, compartmentalization, continuous flow, stimuli administration (e.g., drug gradients or shear stresses), and single-cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Stefano
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Bianchi
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dubini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Italy
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22
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hu Q, Luo H, Lu B, Gao Y, Qiao Z, Zhou Y, Fang Y, Gu J, Zhang T, Xiong Z. 3D Bioprinted GelMA-Nanoclay Hydrogels Induce Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Through Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200364. [PMID: 35229478 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare cell population in tumors that are responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. They are a priority as therapeutic targets, however, assays targeting CSCs have been limited by expanding and maintaining CSCs in vitro. Here, the authors find that gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-nanoclay hybrid hydrogels can induce and enrich colorectal CSCs assisted by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. The presence of the nanoclay increases the printability, Young's modulus, pore size, and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. Bioprinted GelMA-nanoclay hydrogels promote the formation of spheroids expressing elevated levels of the stemness markers LGR5, CD133, CD26, and SOX2. Cancer cells grown in GelMA-nanoclay hydrogel possess higher self-renewal and differentiation capacity in vitro and higher tumorigenic capacity in vivo. GelMA-nanoclay hydrogels induce CSCs by stimulating the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further studies demonstrate that spheroids from GelMA-nanoclay hydrogels possess increased stemness, higher consistency, yield, and sensitivity to the anti-CSC compounds compared to the classic CSC-enrichment model. Collectively, this study may provide a valuable biomaterial and method for inducing and enriching CSCs, to facilitate the effective CSC-targeting drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bingchuan Lu
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yunhe Gao
- Senior Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Senior Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yongsen Zhou
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yongcong Fang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Xiong
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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23
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Guo L, Liu Y, Ran P, Wang G, Shan J, Li X, Liu C, Li J. A bioinspired bubble removal method in microchannels based on angiosperm xylem embolism repair. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 35402001 PMCID: PMC8940964 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to remove and eliminate bubbles in microchannels in many devices used in various biomedical fields, such as those needed for microfluidic immunoassays, point-of-care testing, and cell biology evaluations. Accumulated bubbles are associated with a number of negative outcomes, including a decrease in device sensitivity, inaccuracy of analysis results, and even functional failure. Xylem conduits of angiosperm have the ability to remove bubbles in obstructed conduits. Inspired by such an embolism repair mechanism, this paper proposes a bioinspired bubble removal method, which exhibits a prominent ability to dissolve bubbles continuously within a large range of flow rates (2 µL/min-850 µL/min) while retaining the stability and continuity of the flow without auxiliary equipment. Such a method also shows significant bubble removal stability in dealing with Newtonian liquids and non-Newtonian fluids, especially with high viscosity (6.76 Pa s) and low velocity (152 nL/min). Such advantages associated with the proposed bioinspired method reveal promising application prospects in macro/microfluidic fields ranging from 3D printing, implantable devices, virus detection, and biomedical fluid processing to microscale reactor operation and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guo
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Penghui Ran
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Shan
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jingmin Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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24
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Abstract
Cell manipulation in droplets has emerged as one of the great successes of microfluidic technologies, with the development of single-cell screening. However, the droplet format has also served to go beyond single-cell studies, namely by considering the interactions between different cells or between cells and their physical or chemical environment. These studies pose specific challenges linked to the need for long-term culture of adherent cells or the diverse types of measurements associated with complex biological phenomena. Here we review the emergence of droplet microfluidic methods for culturing cells and studying their interactions. We begin by characterizing the quantitative aspects that determine the ability to encapsulate cells, transport molecules, and provide sufficient nutrients within the droplets. This is followed by an evaluation of the biological constraints such as the control of the biochemical environment and promoting the anchorage of adherent cells. This first part ends with a description of measurement methods that have been developed. The second part of the manuscript focuses on applications of these technologies for cancer studies, immunology, and stem cells while paying special attention to the biological relevance of the cellular assays and providing guidelines on improving this relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gustave Ronteix
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Shreyansh Jain
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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25
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Recent Advances in Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Culture Systems and Applications. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9477332. [PMID: 34671401 PMCID: PMC8523294 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9477332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture is one of the most core and fundamental techniques employed in the fields of biology and medicine. At present, although the two-dimensional cell culture method is commonly used in vitro, it is quite different from the cell growth microenvironment in vivo. In recent years, the limitations of two-dimensional culture and the advantages of three-dimensional culture have increasingly attracted more and more attentions. Compared to two-dimensional culture, three-dimensional culture system is better to realistically simulate the local microenvironment of cells, promote the exchange of information among cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), and retain the original biological characteristics of stem cells. In this review, we first present three-dimensional cell culture methods from two aspects: a scaffold-free culture system and a scaffold-based culture system. The culture method and cell characterizations will be summarized. Then the application of three-dimensional cell culture system is further explored, such as in the fields of drug screening, organoids and assembloids. Finally, the directions for future research of three-dimensional cell culture are stated briefly.
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26
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Gravity-Based Flow Efficient Perfusion Culture System for Spheroids Mimicking Liver Inflammation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101369. [PMID: 34680487 PMCID: PMC8533112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spheroid culture system provides an efficient method to emulate organ-specific pathophysiology, overcoming the traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture limitations. The intervention of microfluidics in the spheroid culture platform has the potential to enhance the capacity of in vitro microphysiological tissues for disease modeling. Conventionally, spheroid culture is carried out in static conditions, making the media nutrient-deficient around the spheroid periphery. The current approach tries to enhance the capacity of the spheroid culture platform by integrating the perfusion channel for dynamic culture conditions. A pro-inflammatory hepatic model was emulated using a coculture of HepG2 cell line, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells for validating the spheroid culture plate with a perfusable channel across the spheroid well. Enhanced proliferation and metabolic capacity of the microphysiological model were observed and further validated by metabolic assays. A comparative analysis of static and dynamic conditions validated the advantage of spheroid culture with dynamic media flow. Hepatic spheroids were found to have improved proliferation in dynamic flow conditions as compared to the static culture platform. The perfusable culture system for spheroids is more physiologically relevant as compared to the static spheroid culture system for disease and drug analysis.
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27
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Munoz-Garcia J, Jubelin C, Loussouarn A, Goumard M, Griscom L, Renodon-Cornière A, Heymann MF, Heymann D. In vitro three-dimensional cell cultures for bone sarcomas. J Bone Oncol 2021; 30:100379. [PMID: 34307011 PMCID: PMC8287221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are rare tumour entities that arise from the mesenchyme most of which are highly heterogeneous at the cellular, genetic and epigenetic levels. The three main types are osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. These oncological entities are characterised by high morbidity and mortality and an absence of significant therapeutic improvement in the last four decades. In the field of oncology, in vitro cultures of cancer cells have been extensively used for drug screening unfortunately with limited success. Indeed, despite the massive knowledge acquired from conventional 2D culture methods, scientific community has been challenged by the loss of efficacy of drugs when moved to clinical trials. The recent explosion of new 3D culture methods is paving the way to more relevant in vitro models mimicking the in vivo tumour environment (e.g. bone structure) with biological responses close to the in vivo context. The present review gives a brief overview of the latest advances of the 3D culture methods used for studying primary bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Munoz-Garcia
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Camille Jubelin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France.,Atlantic Bone Screen, Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Matisse Goumard
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France.,University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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28
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Huang SW, Sun MT, Lee WS, Su YS, Lee YT, Chiang MH, Wang YC, Yang YS, Tzeng SC, Huang YM, Lin FH. Cancer as an infectious disease: A different treatment alternative using a combination of tigecycline and pyrvinium pamoate - An example of breast cancer. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:51-59. [PMID: 33610508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tigecycline is an antibiotic that well tolerated for treating complicated infections. It has received attention as an anti-cancer agent and expected to solve two major obstacles, sides effects that accompany chemotherapy and drug resistance, in the breast cancer treatment. However, previous studies reported that the levels in the blood are typically low of tigecycline, so higher doses are needed to treat cancer, that may increase the risk of side effects. To achieve better anti-cancer effects for tigecycline, we need to find a novel adjunct agent. METHODS In this study, we used different concentration of pyrvinium pamoate combined with tigecycline to treat cell. And assess the effect of two drugs in inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell autophagy, or increase cell apoptosis to evaluate the consequent of combined therapy. RESULTS We observed that after the combined therapy, the cell cycle arrest at G1/s phase, the level of p21 increased, but decreased the levels of CDK2. Others, two drugs via different mechanisms to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and with selective cytotoxic to different cell lines. That could enhance the effect of breast cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Combining low dose of tigecycline use with pyrvinium pamoate is a novel approach for breast cancer treatment. Appropriate combined therapy in breast cancer is recommended to improve outcomes. Other problems like drug resistance occur in patients or the microbes surrounding breast tissues would confer susceptibility to cancers then influence the effectiveness of treatment, which could be improved through combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tsung Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, 97144, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11608, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 10031, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shih Su
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11608, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 10031, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Shian-Chiuan Tzeng
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 10031, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
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