1
|
Zhu Y, Li L. Wood of trees: Cellular structure, molecular formation, and genetic engineering. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:443-467. [PMID: 38032010 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature, making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing. Additionally, wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants. Nevertheless, with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization, forest coverage has been substantially decreased, resulting in significant challenges for wood production and supply. Wood production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation forests. Thus, understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality, fast-growing plantation trees. Breeding ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of many. Tremendous studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular, genetic, and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation, and considerable progress and findings have been achieved. These studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree improvement. This review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation, as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees, and address future development prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang F, Jiao B, Zhang M, He M, Su R, Luo K, Lan T. PtoMYB031, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis in poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1341245. [PMID: 38298604 PMCID: PMC10828011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1341245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall (SCW) is orchestrated by an intricate hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network. This network is initiated by first-layer master switches, SCW-NAC transcription factors, which in turn activate the second-layer master switches MYBs. These switches play a crucial role in regulating xylem specification and differentiation during SCW formation. However, the roles of most MYBs in woody plants are yet to be fully understood. Methods In this study, we identified and isolated the R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PtoMYB031, from Populus tomentosa. We explored its expression, mainly in xylem tissues, and its role as a transcriptional repressor in the nucleus. We used overexpression and RNA interference techniques in poplar, along with Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, to analyze the regulatory effects of PtoMYB031. Results Overexpression of PtoMYB031 in poplar significantly reduced lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content, and inhibited vascular development in stems, resulting in decreased SCW thickness in xylem tissues. Gene expression analysis showed that structural genes involved in SCW biosynthesis were downregulated in PtoMYB031-OE lines. Conversely, RNA interference of PtoMYB031 increased these compounds. Additionally, PtoMYB031 was found to recruit the repressor PtoZAT11, forming a transcriptional inhibition complex. Discussion Our findings provide new insights into how PtoMYB031, through its interaction with PtoZAT11, forms a complex that can suppress the expression of key regulatory genes, PtoWND1A and PtoWND2B, in SCW biosynthesis. This study enhances our understanding of the transcriptional regulation involved in SCW formation in poplar, highlighting the significant role of PtoMYB031.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiying Su
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Xie J, Gao Y, Wang X, Qin L, Ju W, Roberts JA, Cheng B, Zhang X, Lu X. IQ domain-containing protein ZmIQD27 modulates water transport in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1834-1848. [PMID: 37403650 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant metaxylem vessels provide physical support to promote upright growth and the transport of water and nutrients. A detailed characterization of the molecular network controlling metaxylem development is lacking. However, knowledge of the events that regulate metaxylem development could contribute to the development of germplasm with improved yield. In this paper, we screened an EMS-induced B73 mutant library, which covers 92% of maize (Zea mays) genes, to identify drought-sensitive phenotypes. Three mutants were identified, named iqd27-1, iqd27-2, and iqd27-3, and genetic crosses showed that they were allelic to each other. The causal gene in these 3 mutants encodes the IQ domain-containing protein ZmIQD27. Our study showed that defective metaxylem vessel development likely causes the drought sensitivity and abnormal water transport phenotypes in the iqd27 mutants. ZmIQD27 was expressed in the root meristematic zone where secondary cell wall deposition is initiated, and loss-of-function iqd27 mutants exhibited a microtubular arrangement disorder. We propose that association of functional ZmIQD27 with microtubules is essential for correct targeted deposition of the building blocks for secondary cell wall development in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongmeng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Li Qin
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Technology, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Wei Ju
- Nanbei Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin 150000, China
| | - Jeremy A Roberts
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Technology, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
- Lab of Molecular Breeding by Design in Maize Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Shao Y, Hu X, Cheng J, Zheng X, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Li J, Li M, Zhang L, Feng J. Peach DELLA Protein PpeDGYLA Is Not Degraded in the Presence of Active GA and Causes Dwarfism When Overexpressed in Poplar and Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076789. [PMID: 37047773 PMCID: PMC10095214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the tree size of fruit species such as peach can reduce the amount of labor and input needed for orchard management. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) positively regulates tree size by inducing degradation of the GA signaling repressor DELLA. The N-terminal DELLA domain in this protein is critical for its GA-dependent interaction with the GA receptor GID1 and the resulting degradation of the DELLA protein, which allows for growth-promoting GA signaling. In this study, a DELLA family member, PpeDGYLA, contains a DELLA domain but has amino acid changes in three conserved motifs (DELLA into DGYLA, LEQLE into LERLE, and TVHYNP into AVLYNP). In the absence or presence of GA3, the PpeDGYLA protein did not interact with PpeGID1c and was stable in 35S-PpeDGYLA peach transgenic callus. The overexpression of PpeDGYLA in both polar and Arabidopsis showed an extremely dwarfed phenotype, and these transgenic plants were insensitive to GA3 treatment. PpeDGYLA could interact with PpeARF6-1 and -2, supposed growth-promoting factors. It is suggested that the changes in the DELLA domain of PpeDGYLA may, to some extent, account for the severe dwarf phenotype of poplar and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. In addition, our study showed that the DELLA family contained three clades (DELLA-like, DELLA, and DGLLA). PpeDGYLA clustered into the DGLLA clade and was expressed in all of the analyzed tissues. These results lay the foundation for the further study of the repression of tree size by PpeDGYLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yun Shao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma J, Jiang Y, Pei W, Wu M, Ma Q, Liu J, Song J, Jia B, Liu S, Wu J, Zhang J, Yu J. Expressed genes and their new alleles identification during fibre elongation reveal the genetic factors underlying improvements of fibre length in cotton. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1940-1955. [PMID: 35718938 PMCID: PMC9491459 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific breeding in cotton takes advantage of genetic recombination among desirable genes from different parental lines. However, the expression new alleles (ENAs) from crossovers within genic regions and their significance in fibre length (FL) improvement are currently not understood. Here, we generated resequencing genomes of 191 interspecific backcross inbred lines derived from CRI36 (Gossypium hirsutum) × Hai7124 (Gossypium barbadense) and 277 dynamic fibre transcriptomes to identify the ENAs and extremely expressed genes (eGenes) potentially influencing FL, and uncovered the dynamic regulatory network of fibre elongation. Of 35 420 eGenes in developing fibres, 10 366 ENAs were identified and preferentially distributed in chromosomes subtelomeric regions. In total, 1056-1255 ENAs showed transgressive expression in fibres at 5-15 dpa (days post-anthesis) of some BILs, 520 of which were located in FL-quantitative trait locus (QTLs) and GhFLA9 (recombination allele) was identified with a larger effect for FL than GhFLA9 of CRI36 allele. Using ENAs as a type of markers, we identified three novel FL-QTLs. Additionally, 456 extremely eGenes were identified that were preferentially distributed in recombination hotspots. Importantly, 34 of them were significantly associated with FL. Gene expression quantitative trait locus analysis identified 1286, 1089 and 1059 eGenes that were colocalized with the FL trait at 5, 10 and 15 dpa, respectively. Finally, we verified the Ghir_D10G011050 gene linked to fibre elongation by the CRISPR-cas9 system. This study provides the first glimpse into the occurrence, distribution and expression of the developing fibres genes (especially ENAs) in an introgression population, and their possible biological significance in FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yafei Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Wenfeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
| | - Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
| | - Qifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
| | - Jikun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
| | - Bing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
| | - Shang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
| | - Jianyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA
| | - Jiwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Cotton Genetic ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureAnyangChina
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Wen J, Xia Y, Zhang L, Du H. Evolution and functional diversification of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac058. [PMID: 35591925 PMCID: PMC9113232 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
R2R3-MYB genes (R2R3-MYBs) form one of the largest transcription factor gene families in the plant kingdom, with substantial structural and functional diversity. However, the evolutionary processes leading to this amazing functional diversity have not yet been clearly established. Recently developed genomic and classical molecular technologies have provided detailed insights into the evolutionary relationships and functions of plant R2R3-MYBs. Here, we review recent genome-level and functional analyses of plant R2R3-MYBs, with an emphasis on their evolution and functional diversification. In land plants, this gene family underwent a large expansion by whole genome duplications and small-scale duplications. Along with this population explosion, a series of functionally conserved or lineage-specific subfamilies/groups arose with roles in three major plant-specific biological processes: development and cell differentiation, specialized metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stresses. The rapid expansion and functional diversification of plant R2R3-MYBs are highly consistent with the increasing complexity of angiosperms. In particular, recently derived R2R3-MYBs with three highly homologous intron patterns (a, b, and c) are disproportionately related to specialized metabolism and have become the predominant subfamilies in land plant genomes. The evolution of plant R2R3-MYBs is an active area of research, and further studies are expected to improve our understanding of the evolution and functional diversification of this gene family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| |
Collapse
|