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Stanciu SM, Jinga M, Miricescu D, Stefani C, Nica RI, Stanescu-Spinu II, Vacaroiu IA, Greabu M, Nica S. mTOR Dysregulation, Insulin Resistance, and Hypertension. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1802. [PMID: 39200267 PMCID: PMC11351979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent serious health problems associated with unhealthy diet and sedentarism. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase with key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell growth, survival and proliferation. mTOR hyperactivation disturbs glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and further to IR, with a higher incidence in the Western population. Metformin is one of the most used hypoglycemic drugs, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumoral properties, having also the capacity to inhibit mTOR. mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin and its analogs everolimus and temsirolimus block mTOR activity, decrease the levels of glucose and triglycerides, and reduce body weight. The link between mTOR dysregulation, IR, hypertension and mTOR inhibitors has not been fully described. Therefore, the main aim of this narrative review is to present the mechanism by which nutrients, proinflammatory cytokines, increased salt intake and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation induce mTOR overactivation, associated further with IR and hypertension development, and also mTOR inhibitors with higher potential to block the activity of this protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Marcel Stanciu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Surgery Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Discipline of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanotari Blvd, 054474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvia Nica
- Emergency Discipline, University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Emergency and First Aid, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Peng J, Lu C, Luo Y, Su X, Li S, Ho CT. Hypoglycemic effects and associated mechanisms of resveratrol and related stilbenes in diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:2381-2405. [PMID: 38376230 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has become a global health problem due to changes in diet and lifestyle. Most importantly, persistent hyperglycemia can eventually develop into type II diabetes. While the usage of current drugs is limited by their side effects, stilbenes derived from fruits and herbal/dietary plants are considered as important phytochemicals with potential hypoglycemic properties. Herein, the most common stilbenoids in consumed foods, i.e. resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol, oxyresveratrol, and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucopyranoside (THSG), are reviewed in this paper. These stilbenes are found to regulate glucose homeostasis via (a) modulation of feeding behaviour and nutrition absorption; (b) restoration of insulin signalling by enhancing insulin production/insulin sensitivity; (c) improvement of gut permeability, gut microbial profile and resulting metabolomes; and (d) amelioration of circadian rhythm disruption. In this review, we have summarized the underlying mechanisms for the hypoglycemic effects of the five most common dietary stilbenoids listed above, providing a comprehensive framework for future study and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
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Agius R, Pace NP, Fava S. Anthropometric and Biochemical Correlations of Insulin Resistance in a Middle-Aged Maltese Caucasian Population. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:5528250. [PMID: 38420511 PMCID: PMC10901578 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5528250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, and with increased all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. A number of surrogate markers are used in clinical practice to diagnose IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the discriminatory power of a number of routinely available anthropometric and biochemical variables in predicting IR and to determine their optimal cutoffs. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of middle-aged individuals. We used receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses in order to determine the discriminatory power of parameters of interest in detecting IR, which was defined as homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance ≥2.5. Results Both the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) exhibited good discriminatory power to detect IR in both males and females. The optimal cutoffs were 42.5 and 1.44, respectively, in males and 36.2 and 1.41, respectively, in females. Serum triglycerides (TG) and waist circumference (WC) similarly demonstrated good discriminatory power in detecting IR in both sexes. The optimal cutoffs for serum TG and WC were 1.35 mmol/L and 96.5 cm, respectively, in men and 1.33 mmol/L and 82 cm, respectively, in women. On the other hand, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, liver transaminases, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum uric acid, ferritin, waist-hip ratio, "A" body shape, thigh circumference, and weight-adjusted thigh circumference all had poor discriminatory power. Conclusions Our data show that LAP, VAI, TG, and WC all have good discriminatory power in detecting IR in both men and women. The optimal cutoffs for TG and WC were lower than those currently recommended in both sexes. Replication studies are required in different subpopulations and different ethnicities in order to be able to update the current cut points to ones which reflect the contemporary population as well as to evaluate their longitudinal relationship with longer-term cardiometabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Agius
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
- Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Nikolai Paul Pace
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
| | - Stephen Fava
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
- Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, Msida MSD2090, Malta
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Veluthakal R, Esparza D, Hoolachan JM, Balakrishnan R, Ahn M, Oh E, Jayasena CS, Thurmond DC. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inter-Organ Miscommunications in T2D Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1504. [PMID: 38338783 PMCID: PMC10855860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogenous disease, and conventionally, peripheral insulin resistance (IR) was thought to precede islet β-cell dysfunction, promoting progression from prediabetes to T2D. New evidence suggests that T2D-lean individuals experience early β-cell dysfunction without significant IR. Regardless of the primary event (i.e., IR vs. β-cell dysfunction) that contributes to dysglycemia, significant early-onset oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple metabolic tissues may be a driver of T2D onset and progression. Oxidative stress, defined as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is mediated by hyperglycemia alone or in combination with lipids. Physiological oxidative stress promotes inter-tissue communication, while pathological oxidative stress promotes inter-tissue mis-communication, and new evidence suggests that this is mediated via extracellular vesicles (EVs), including mitochondria containing EVs. Under metabolic-related stress conditions, EV-mediated cross-talk between β-cells and skeletal muscle likely trigger mitochondrial anomalies leading to prediabetes and T2D. This article reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms in ROS-related pathogenesis of prediabetes, including mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics due to oxidative stress. Further, this review will describe the potential of various therapeutic avenues for attenuating oxidative damage, reversing prediabetes and preventing progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.E.); (J.M.H.); (R.B.); (M.A.); (E.O.); (C.S.J.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.E.); (J.M.H.); (R.B.); (M.A.); (E.O.); (C.S.J.)
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Bahramzadeh A, Bolandnazar K, Meshkani R. Resveratrol as a potential protective compound against skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21305. [PMID: 38027557 PMCID: PMC10660041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes has become a major global problem. Insulin resistance has a central role in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for the disposal of most of the glucose under conditions of insulin stimulation, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle causes dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in the whole body. Despite the current pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatment strategies to combat diabetes, there is still a need for new therapeutic agents due to the limitations of the therapeutic agents. Meanwhile, plant polyphenols have attracted the attention of researchers for their use in the treatment of diabetes and have gained popularity. Resveratrol, a stilbenoid polyphenol, exists in various plant sources, and a growing body of evidence suggests its beneficial properties, including antidiabetic activities. The present review aimed to provide a summary of the role of resveratrol in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and its related mechanisms. To achieve the objectives, by searching the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, we have summarized the results of all cell culture, animal, and human studies that have investigated the effects of resveratrol in different models on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bahramzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Bolandnazar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pan X, Liu C, Wang X, Zhao M, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wang C, Song G. Resveratrol improves palmitic acid‑induced insulin resistance via the DDIT4/mTOR pathway in C2C12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:181. [PMID: 37594055 PMCID: PMC10463219 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish a model of palmitic acid (PA)‑induced insulin resistance (IR) in C2C12 cells and to determine the mechanism underlying how resveratrol (RSV) improves IR. C2C12 cells were divided into the control (CON), PA, PA + RSV, PA + RSV + DNA damage‑inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4)‑small interfering (si)RNA and PA + RSV + MHY1485 (mTOR agonist) groups. Glucose contents in culture medium and triglyceride contents in cells were determined. Oil red O staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the cells. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were conducted to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively, of DDIT4, mTOR, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)‑1, PI3K, AKT and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Compared with in the CON group, glucose uptake was decreased, cellular lipid deposition was increased, phosphorylated (p)‑IRS‑1, p‑mTOR and p‑p70S6K protein expression levels were increased, and p‑PI3K, p‑AKT, GLUT4 and DDIT4 protein expression levels were decreased in the PA group. By contrast, compared with in the PA group, culture medium glucose content and cellular lipid deposition were decreased, p‑PI3K, p‑AKT, GLUT4 and DDIT4 protein expression levels were increased, p‑IRS‑1 protein expression levels were decreased, and mTOR and p70S6K mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased in the PA + RSV group. Compared with in the PA + RSV group, DDIT4 protein and mRNA expression levels were reduced in the PA + RSV + DDIT4‑siRNA group, but showed no change in the PA + RSV + MHY1485 group. Following transfection with DDIT4‑siRNA or treatment with MHY1485, the effects of RSV on improving IR and lipid metabolism were weakened, mTOR and p70S6K protein expression levels were upregulated, p‑PI3K, p‑AKT and GLUT4 protein expression levels were down‑regulated, p‑IRS‑1 protein expression levels were upregulated, and culture medium glucose content and cellular lipid deposition were increased. In conclusion, RSV may improve PA‑induced IR in C2C12 cells through the DDIT4/mTOR/IRS‑1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway, as well as via improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Chunqiao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhimei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Chen N, Cao R, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Hu S. Sleeve Gastrectomy Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism by Downregulating FBXO2 and Activating the PI3K-AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5544. [PMID: 36982617 PMCID: PMC10052132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic metabolic disease, is a public health concern that seriously endangers human health. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can relieve T2DM by improving glucose homeostasis and enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, its specific underlying mechanism remains elusive. SG and sham surgery were performed on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Lipid metabolism was evaluated via histology and serum lipid analysis. Glucose metabolism was evaluated using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Compared with the sham group, the SG group displayed a reduction in liver lipid accumulation and glucose intolerance, and western blot analysis revealed that the AMPK and PI3K-AKT pathways were activated. Furthermore, transcription and translation levels of FBXO2 were reduced after SG. After liver-specific overexpression of FBXO2, the improvement in glucose metabolism observed following SG was blunted; however, the remission of fatty liver was not influenced by the over expression of FBXO2. Our study explores the mechanism of SG in relieving T2DM, indicating that FBXO2 is a noninvasive therapeutic target that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyuan Chen
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ruican Cao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Sai Zhou
- Graduate Faculty, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Den Hartogh DJ, Vlavcheski F, Tsiani E. Muscle Cell Insulin Resistance Is Attenuated by Rosmarinic Acid: Elucidating the Mechanisms Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065094. [PMID: 36982168 PMCID: PMC10049470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and elevated blood free fatty acid (FFA) levels lead to impaired insulin action causing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mechanistically, insulin resistance is associated with increased serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) mediated by serine/threonine kinases including mTOR and p70S6K. Evidence demonstrated that activation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may be an attractive target to counteract insulin resistance. We reported previously that rosemary extract (RE) and the RE polyphenol carnosic acid (CA) activated AMPK and counteracted the FFA-induced insulin resistance in muscle cells. The effect of rosmarinic acid (RA), another polyphenolic constituent of RE, on FFA-induced muscle insulin resistance has never been examined and is the focus of the current study. Muscle cell (L6) exposure to FFA palmitate resulted in increased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and reduced insulin-mediated (i) Akt activation, (ii) GLUT4 glucose transporter translocation, and (iii) glucose uptake. Notably, RA treatment abolished these effects, and restored the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Palmitate treatment increased the phosphorylation/activation of mTOR and p70S6K, kinases known to be involved in insulin resistance and RA significantly reduced these effects. RA increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, even in the presence of palmitate. Our data indicate that RA has the potential to counteract the palmitate-induced insulin resistance in muscle cells, and further studies are required to explore its antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danja J Den Hartogh
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Kashyap B, Saikia K, Samanta SK, Thakur D, Banerjee SK, Borah JC, Talukdar NC. Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside from Antidesma acidum Retz. Stimulates glucose uptake through SIRT1 induction followed by GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle L6 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115788. [PMID: 36223844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antidesma acidum Retz, a perennial herb is known for its anti-diabetic potential among the traditional health care providers of the tribal communities of Manipur, India. Scientific validation of the ancient knowledge on traditional use of this plant with the help of modern tools and techniques can promote further research and its use in health care. AIM OF THE STUDY Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder and linked with hyperglycemia occurring from insufficiency in insulin secretion, action, or both. The aim of this study was to scientifically validate the traditional myth behind the uses of this plant material against diabetes. More specifically, it was aimed to determine the effect of methanolic extract of A. acidum leaves and/or any of its bioactive phytochemical(s), in enhancing insulin sensitization and subsequently stimulating the insulin signaling cascade of glucose metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol was used for extraction from the leaf powder of A. acidum followed by bioactivity guided fractionation and isolation of most active component. Biological evaluation was performed to determine the glucose uptake ability against insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (L6) cells. To understand the detailed mechanism of actions of the purified compound, several molecular biology and structural biology experiments such as Western blot, siRNA transfection assay and molecular docking study were performed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Bioactivity guided isolation of pure compound and spectral data analysis led us to identify the active component as Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (KOR) for the first time from the leaf of A. acidum. Over expression of NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was observed following KOR treatment. SIRT1 plays an important role in the metabolic pathway and over expression of SIRT implies that it involves in insulin signaling directly or indirectly. Molecular docking and simulation study showed the strong involvement between KOR and SIRT1.Treatment with KOR resulted in significant over expression of SIRT1followed by upregulation of insulin-dependent p-IRS, AKT and AMPK signaling molecules, and stimulation of the GLUT4 translocation, which ultimately enhanced the glucose uptake in sodium palmitate-treated insulin resistant L6 myotubes. Further, the effect of KOR on IRS1, AKT and AMPK phosphorylation, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake was attenuated in SIRT1-knockdown myotubes. CONCLUSION Overall, the results of this study suggest that Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside is the active component presents in the leaf of A. acidum which increases glucose consumption by inducing SIRT1 activation and consequently improves insulin sensitization. These results may find future applications in drug discovery research against T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Kashyap
- Chemical Biology Lab - I, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Kangkon Saikia
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Suman Kumar Samanta
- Chemical Biology Lab - II, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Debajit Thakur
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Banerjee
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THISTI), Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Chemical Biology Lab - I, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Chemical Biology Lab - I, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Assam Down Town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Blockers Potently Inhibit Monoglyceride Lipase: Investigation By Docking Studies And In Vitro Bioassay. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lin TY, Cheng AC, Chuang HC, Yao JY. Resveratrol Ameliorates Hyperglycemic Cultured Cells and Inhibits the Rheb/mTOR Interaction. Nat Prod Commun 2023; 18:1934578X2211473. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221147376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with anti-diabetic effects and has been reported to ameliorate diabetes-induced metabolic disorders through regulating activities of the mTOR signaling pathway. To delineate the effects of RSV treatment on the mTOR signaling pathway, hyperglycemic HepG2 cells were used for the following experiments. Cellular glucose uptake assays showed that high-glucose levels in the culture medium decelerate the glucose uptake of cultured cells. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that high-glucose culture promotes the interaction between mTOR and Rheb-GTP, which is the active form of Rheb. RSV treatment of the cells suppressed this interaction and accelerated the glucose uptake. Western blotting revealed that RSV down-regulated members of the mTOR signaling pathway, namely SREBP1, p70, and S6. Additionally, RSV ameliorated the metabolic disorders, including the decreased levels of AMPK, glycogen synthase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells. These results indicate that RSV inhibits the Rheb/mTOR interaction and ameliorates metabolic disorders associated with high-glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yung Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Chang Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Chuang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health School, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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12
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Cao Y, Han S, Lu H, Luo Y, Guo T, Wu Q, Luo F. Targeting mTOR Signaling by Dietary Polyphenols in Obesity Prevention. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235171. [PMID: 36501200 PMCID: PMC9735788 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols can be utilized to treat obesity and chronic disorders linked to it. Dietary polyphenols can inhibit pre-adipocyte proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, and triglyceride accumulation; meanwhile, polyphenols can also stimulate lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, but the molecular mechanisms of anti-obesity are still unclear. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that regulates cell growth, survival, metabolism, and immunity. mTOR signaling is also thought to play a key role in the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Recent studies showed that dietary polyphenols could target mTOR to reduce obesity. In this review, we systematically summarized the research progress of polyphenols in preventing obesity through the mTOR signaling pathway. Mechanistically, polyphenols can target multiple signaling pathways and gut microbiota to regulate the mTOR signaling pathway to exert anti-obesity effects. The main mechanisms include: modulating lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation, etc. Dietary polyphenols exerting an anti-obesity effect by targeting mTOR signaling will broaden our understanding of the anti-obesity mechanisms of polyphenols and provide valuable insights for researchers in this novel field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Han Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zhang T, Zhang Q, Zheng W, Tao T, Li RL, Wang LY, Peng W, Wu CJ. Fructus Zanthoxyli extract improves glycolipid metabolism disorder of type 2 diabetes mellitus via activation of AMPK/PI3K/Akt pathway: Network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:543-560. [PMID: 35965234 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of Fructus Zanthoxyli (FZ) against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to identify the constituents of FZ. Next, the differentially expressed genes linked to the treatment of diabetes with FZ were screened using online databases (including Gene Expression Omnibus database and Swiss Target Prediction online database), and the overlapping genes and their enrichment were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, the pathway was verified by in vitro experiments, and cell staining with oil red and Nile red showed that the extract of FZ had a therapeutic effect on T2DM. RESULTS A total of 43 components were identified from FZ, and 39 differentially expressed overlapping genes were screened as the possible targets of FZ in T2DM. The dug component-target network indicated that PPARA, PPARG, PIK3R3, JAK2 and GPR88 might be the core genes targeted by FZ in the treatment of T2DM. Interestingly, the enrichment analysis of KEGG showed that effects of FZ against T2DM were closely correlated with the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. In vitro experiments further confirmed that FZ significantly inhibited palmitic acid-induced lipid formation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, FZ treatment was able to promote the AMPK and PI3K/Akt expressions in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Network pharmacology combined with experimental validation revealed that FZ extract can improve the glycolipid metabolism disorder of T2DM via activation of the AMPK/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
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14
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Yan Y, Li M, Lin J, Ji Y, Wang K, Yan D, Shen Y, Wang W, Huang Z, Jiang H, Sun H, Qi L. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase contributes to skeletal muscle health through the control of mitochondrial function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:947387. [PMID: 36339617 PMCID: PMC9632297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.947387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body and the largest protein repository. Mitochondria are the main energy-producing organelles in cells and play an important role in skeletal muscle health and function. They participate in several biological processes related to skeletal muscle metabolism, growth, and regeneration. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic sensor and regulator of systemic energy balance. AMPK is involved in the control of energy metabolism by regulating many downstream targets. In this review, we propose that AMPK directly controls several facets of mitochondrial function, which in turn controls skeletal muscle metabolism and health. This review is divided into four parts. First, we summarize the properties of AMPK signal transduction and its upstream activators. Second, we discuss the role of mitochondria in myogenesis, muscle atrophy, regeneration post-injury of skeletal muscle cells. Third, we elaborate the effects of AMPK on mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitochondrial autophagy, and discuss how AMPK regulates the metabolism of skeletal muscle by regulating mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the effects of AMPK activators on muscle disease status. This review thus represents a foundation for understanding this biological process of mitochondrial dynamics regulated by AMPK in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. A better understanding of the role of AMPK on mitochondrial dynamic is essential to improve mitochondrial function, and hence promote skeletal muscle health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dajun Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
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Park JE, Han JS. A bioactive component of Portulaca Oleracea L., HM-chromanone, improves palmitate-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting mTOR/S6K1 through activation of the AMPK pathway in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:774-783. [PMID: 36337245 PMCID: PMC9618117 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased free fatty acid levels in the blood are common in obesity and cause insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes in the muscles. Previous studies have confirmed the antidiabetic and anti-obesity potential of (E)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone (HM-chromanone). However, it is unknown how HM-chromanone alleviates obesity-related insulin resistance in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Palmitate induced insulin resistance and reduced glucose uptake, whereas HM-chromanone significantly increased glucose uptake. In palmitate-treated L6 skeletal muscle cells, HM-chromanone stimulated liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. The AMPK inhibitor compound C, and the LKB1 inhibitor radicicol blocked the effects of HM-chromanone. Furthermore, HM-chromanone significantly inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) activation, but there was no change in protein kinase C θ (PKC θ) expression. When pAMPK was inhibited with compound C, the effect of HM-chromanone on the inhibition of mTOR and S6K1 was significantly diminished. This indicates that HM-chromanone inhibits mTOR and S6K1 activation through pAMPK activation. Inhibition of mTOR and S6K1 by HM-chromanone significantly reduced IRS-1Ser307 and IRS-1Ser632 phosphorylation, leading to insulin resistance. This resulted in an increase in PM-GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) expression, thereby stimulating glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle cells. HM-chromanone can improve palmitate-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting mTOR and S6K1 through activation of the AMPK pathway in L6 skeletal muscle cells. These results show the therapeutic potential of HM-chromanone for improving insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumgeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of South Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumgeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of South Korea
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Ju Z, Guo P, Xiang J, Lei R, Ren G, Zhou M, Yang X, Zhou P, Huang R. Low-dose radiation exaggerates HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction by gut microbiota through PA-PYCR1 axis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:945. [PMID: 36088469 PMCID: PMC9464247 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCo-exposure of High-fat-diet (HFD) behavior and environmental low-dose radiation (LDR) is common among majority occupational workers, but the synergism of this co-exposure in metabolic health is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the regulation of HFD accompanied by LDR-associated with metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Here, we reported that Parasutterella was markedly elevated in the gut microbiota of mice in co-exposure of HFD and LDR, accompanied by increased pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (PA) level in both intestine and plasma. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from mice with co-exposure HFD and LDR with metabolic dysfunction resulted in increased disruption of metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and increased PYCR1 (Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1) expression. Mechanistically, intestinal barrier was damaged more serious in mice with co-exposure of HFD and LDR, leading high PA level in plasma, activating PYCR1 expression to inhibit insulin Akt/mTOR (AKT kinase-transforming protein/Serine threonine-protein kinase) signaling pathway to aggravate HFD-induced metabolic impairments. This study suggests a new avenue for interventions against western diet companied with low dose radiation exposure-driven metabolic impairments.
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17
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Maschari D, Saxena G, Law TD, Walsh E, Campbell MC, Consitt LA. Lactate-induced lactylation in skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance in humans. Front Physiol 2022; 13:951390. [PMID: 36111162 PMCID: PMC9468271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.951390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating lactate has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of the current study was to determine if lactate-induced lysine lactylation (kla), a post-translational modification, was present in human skeletal muscle and related to insulin resistance. Fifteen lean (Body Mass Index: 22.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2) and fourteen obese (40.6 ± 1.4 kg/m2) adults underwent a muscle biopsy and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Skeletal muscle lactylation was increased in obese compared to lean females (19%, p < 0.05) and associated with insulin resistance (r = 0.37, p < 0.05) in the whole group. Skeletal muscle lactylation levels were significantly associated with markers of anaerobic metabolism (plasma lactate and skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], p < 0.05) and negatively associated with markers of oxidative metabolism (skeletal muscle cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 and Complex I [pyruvate] OXPHOS capacity, p < 0.05). Treatment of primary human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMC) with sodium lactate for 24 h increased protein lactylation and IRS-1 serine 636 phosphorylation in a similar dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Inhibition of glycolysis (with 2-deoxy-d-glucose) or LDH-A (with sodium oxamate or LDH-A siRNA) for 24 h reduced HSkMC lactylation which paralleled reductions in culture media lactate accumulation. This study identified the existence of a lactate-derived post-translational modification in human skeletal muscle and suggests skeletal muscle lactylation could provide additional insight into the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, including insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Maschari
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Timothy D. Law
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Erin Walsh
- Biological Sciences Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Mason C. Campbell
- Biological Sciences Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Leslie A Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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18
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Wang M, Xu W, Yu J, Liu Y, Ma H, Ji C, Zhang C, Xue J, Li R, Cui H. Astaxanthin From Haematococcus pluvialis Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Mice by Gut-Liver Axis Modulating Properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840648. [PMID: 35495929 PMCID: PMC9039660 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope Evidence is mounting that astaxanthin (ATX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, used as a nutritional supplement to prevent chronic metabolic diseases. The present study aims to identify the potential function of ATX supplementation in preventing steatohepatitis and hepatic oxidative stress in diet-induced obese mice. Methods and Results In this study, ATX as dose of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% have orally administered to mice along with a high-fat diet (HFD) to investigate the role of ATX in regulating liver lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The study showed that ATX dose-dependently reduces body weight, lipid droplet formation, hepatic triglycerides and ameliorated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress. 0.75% ATX altered the levels of 34 lipid metabolites related to hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism which might be associated with downregulation of lipogenesis-related genes and upregulation of bile acid biosynthesis-related genes. The result also revealed that ATX alleviates HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by significantly inhibiting the growth of obesity-related Parabacteroides and Desulfovibrio while promoting the growth of Allobaculum and Akkermansia. Conclusion The study results suggested that dietary ATX may prevent the development of hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress with the risk of metabolic disease by gut-liver axis modulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- Health Science Center, College of Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunli Ji
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongli Cui
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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Yan L, Vaghari-Tabari M, Malakoti F, Moein S, Qujeq D, Yousefi B, Asemi Z. Quercetin: an effective polyphenol in alleviating diabetes and diabetic complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9163-9186. [PMID: 35468007 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various studies, especially in recent years, have shown that quercetin has beneficial therapeutic effects in various human diseases, including diabetes. Quercetin has significant anti-diabetic effects and may be helpful in lowering blood sugar and increasing insulin sensitivity. Quercetin appears to affect many factors and signaling pathways involved in insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 of diabetes. TNFα, NFKB, AMPK, AKT, and NRF2 are among the factors that are affected by quercetin. In addition, quercetin can be effective in preventing and ameliorating the diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, and retinopathy, and affects the key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these complications. These positive effects of quercetin may be related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this article, after a brief review of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, we will review the latest findings on the anti-diabetic effects of quercetin with a molecular perspective. Then we will review the effects of quercetin on the key mechanisms of pathogenesis of diabetes complications including nephropathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, and retinopathy. Finally, clinical trials investigating the effect of quercetin on diabetes and diabetes complications will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Clinical Experimental Centre, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Thouvenot K, Turpin T, Taïlé J, Clément K, Meilhac O, Gonthier MP. Links between Insulin Resistance and Periodontal Bacteria: Insights on Molecular Players and Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030378. [PMID: 35327570 PMCID: PMC8945445 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease mainly associated with insulin resistance during obesity and constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. A strong link has been established between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, an infectious dental disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue or periodontium. However, the molecular mechanisms linking periodontal bacteria and insulin resistance remain poorly elucidated. This study aims to summarize the mechanisms possibly involved based on in vivo and in vitro studies and targets them for innovative therapies. Indeed, during periodontitis, inflammatory lesions of the periodontal tissue may allow periodontal bacteria to disseminate into the bloodstream and reach tissues, including adipose tissue and skeletal muscles that store glucose in response to insulin. Locally, periodontal bacteria and their components, such as lipopolysaccharides and gingipains, may deregulate inflammatory pathways, altering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Moreover, periodontal bacteria may promote ROS overproduction via downregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, leading to oxidative stress. Crosstalk between players of inflammation and oxidative stress contributes to disruption of the insulin signaling pathway and promotes insulin resistance. In parallel, periodontal bacteria alter glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver and deregulate insulin production by pancreatic β-cells, contributing to hyperglycemia. Interestingly, therapeutic management of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation markers and ameliorates insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Of note, plant polyphenols exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as insulin-sensitizing and anti-bacterial actions. Thus, polyphenol-based therapies are of high interest for helping to counteract the deleterious effects of periodontal bacteria and improve insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Thouvenot
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Teva Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Janice Taïlé
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesity, Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-262-693-92-08-55
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Carnosic Acid Attenuates the Free Fatty Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Muscle Cells and Adipocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010167. [PMID: 35011728 PMCID: PMC8750606 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood free fatty acids (FFAs), as seen in obesity, impair insulin action leading to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several serine/threonine kinases including JNK, mTOR, and p70 S6K cause serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and have been implicated in insulin resistance. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increases glucose uptake, and in recent years, AMPK has been viewed as an important target to counteract insulin resistance. We reported previously that carnosic acid (CA) found in rosemary extract (RE) and RE increased glucose uptake and activated AMPK in muscle cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of CA on palmitate-induced insulin-resistant L6 myotubes and 3T3L1 adipocytes. Exposure of cells to palmitate reduced the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, GLUT4 transporter levels on the plasma membrane, and Akt activation. Importantly, CA attenuated the deleterious effect of palmitate and restored the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the activation of Akt, and GLUT4 levels. Additionally, CA markedly attenuated the palmitate-induced phosphorylation/activation of JNK, mTOR, and p70S6K and activated AMPK. Our data indicate that CA has the potential to counteract the palmitate-induced muscle and fat cell insulin resistance.
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22
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Song G, Wang X, Xing H, Wang C. Resveratrol Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance by Downregulating Long Noncoding RNA. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:2539519. [PMID: 35096054 PMCID: PMC8791716 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2539519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a crucial factor in the progression of insulin resistance (IR). Resveratrol (RSV) exhibits promising therapeutic potential for IR. However, there are few studies on whether RSV improves IR through lncRNA. This study aimed to determine whether RSV could influence the expression of lncRNA and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Mice were divided into three groups: control group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, and HFD + RSV group. We conducted a high-throughput sequencing analysis to detect lncRNA and mRNA expression signatures and the ceRNA-network in the skeletal muscles of mice that were fed an HFD to induce IR. Hierarchical clustering, gene enrichment, and gene ceRNA-network analyses were subsequently conducted. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected and validated via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The biological functions of the selected lncRNAs were investigated by silencing the target genes via lentivirus transfection of C2C12 mouse myotube cells. RSV treatment reversed the expression of 338 mRNAs and 629 lncRNAs in the skeletal muscles of mice with HFD-induced IR. The results of the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database analyses indicated that the differentially expressed mRNAs modulated type II diabetes mellitus. After validating randomly selected lncRNAs via RT-qPCR, we identified a novel lncRNA, NONMMUT044897.2, which was upregulated in the HFD group and reversed with RSV treatment. Additionally, NONMMUT044897.2 was proven to function as a ceRNA of microRNA- (miR-) 7051-5p. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) was confirmed as a target of miR-7051-5p. We further performed lentivirus transfection to knock down NONMMUT044897.2 in vitro and found that NONMMUT044897.2 silenced SOCS1 and potentiated the insulin signaling pathway. Hence, RSV mimicked the silencing effect of lentivirus transfection on NONMMUT044897.2. Our study revealed that RSV reduced IR in mouse skeletal muscles via the regulation of NONMMUT044897.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Zhimei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Hanying Xing
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Ding PF, Zhang HS, Wang J, Gao YY, Mao JN, Hang CH, Li W. Insulin resistance in ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1092431. [PMID: 36589857 PMCID: PMC9798125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological condition of insulin resistance prevents the neuroprotective effects of insulin. Numerous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance, as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke, accelerates the formation of thrombosis and promotes the development of atherosclerosis, both of which are major mechanisms of ischemic stroke. Additionally, insulin resistance negatively affects the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke regardless of whether the patient has diabetes, but the mechanisms are not well studied. We explored the association between insulin resistance and the primary mechanisms of brain injury in ischemic stroke (inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage), looking for potential causes of poor prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke due to insulin resistance. Furthermore, we summarize insulin resistance therapeutic approaches to propose new therapeutic directions for clinically improving prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Nan Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Hang, ; Wei Li,
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24
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La Favor JD, Pierre CJ, Bivalacqua TJ, Burnett AL. Rapamycin Suppresses Penile NADPH Oxidase Activity to Preserve Erectile Function in Mice Fed a Western Diet. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010068. [PMID: 35052748 PMCID: PMC8773370 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a nutrient-sensitive cellular signaling kinase that has been implicated in the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase-derived ROS have been implicated in erectile dysfunction pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine if mTOR is an activator of NADPH oxidase in the penis and to determine the functional relevance of this pathway in a translationally relevant model of diet-induced erectile dysfunction. Male mice were fed a control diet or a high-fat, high-sucrose Western style diet (WD) for 12 weeks and treated with vehicle or rapamycin for the final 4 weeks of the dietary intervention. Following the intervention, erectile function was assessed by cavernous nerve-stimulated intracavernous pressure measurement, in vivo ROS production was measured in the penis using a microdialysis approach, and relative protein contents from the corpus cavernosum were determined by Western blot. Erectile function was impaired in vehicle treated WD-mice and was preserved in rapamycin treated WD-mice. Penile NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS were elevated in WD-mice and suppressed by rapamycin treatment. Western blot analysis suggests mTOR activation with WD by increased active site phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K, and increased expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, all of which were suppressed by rapamycin. These data suggest that mTOR is an upstream mediator of NADPH oxidase in the corpus cavernosum in response to a chronic Western diet, which has an adverse effect on erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. La Favor
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-644-3149
| | - Clifford J. Pierre
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Trinity J. Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (T.J.B.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Arthur L. Burnett
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (T.J.B.); (A.L.B.)
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25
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Ampong I, John Ikwuobe O, Brown JEP, Bailey CJ, Gao D, Gutierrez-Merino J, Griffiths HR. Odd chain fatty acid metabolism in mice after a high fat diet. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106135. [PMID: 34896612 PMCID: PMC8811477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that higher circulating levels of odd chain saturated fatty acids (FA: C15:0 and C17:0) are associated with lower risk of metabolic disease. These odd chain saturated fatty acids (OCSFA) are produced by α-oxidation in peroxisomes, de novo lipogenesis, from the diet and by gut microbiota. Although present at low concentrations, they are of interest as potential targets to reduce metabolic disease risk. To determine whether OCSFA are affected by obesogenic diets, we have investigated whether high dietary fat intake affects the frequency of OCSFA-producing gut microbiota, liver lipid metabolism genes and circulating OCSFA. FA concentrations were determined in liver and serum from pathogen-free SPF C57BL/6 J mice fed either standard chow or a high fat diet (HFD; 60% calories as fat) for four and twelve weeks. Post-mortem mouse livers were analysed histologically for fat deposition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for FA composition and by qPCR for the lipid metabolic genes fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (ELOVL6) and 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1 (HACL). Gut microbiota in faecal pellets from the ileum were analysed by 16S RNA sequencing. A significant depletion of serum and liver C15:0 (>50%; P < 0.05) and liver C17:0 (>35%; P < 0.05) was observed in HFD-fed SPF mice in parallel with hepatic fat accumulation after four weeks. In addition, liver gene expression (HACL1, ELOVL6, SCD1 and FADS2) was lower (>50%; P < 0.05) and the relative abundance of beneficial C3:0-producing gut bacteria such as Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium was lower after HFD in SPF mice. In summary, high dietary fat intake reduces serum and liver OCSFA, OCSFA-producing gut microbiota and is associated with impaired liver lipid metabolism. Further studies are required to identify whether there is any beneficial effect of OCSFA and C3:0-producing gut bacteria to counter metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ampong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - O John Ikwuobe
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - James E P Brown
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Clifford J Bailey
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Dan Gao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-Merino
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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26
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Kashyap B, Barge SR, Bharadwaj S, Deka B, Rahman S, Ghosh A, Manna P, Dutta PP, Sheikh Y, Kandimalla R, Samanta SK, Boruwa J, Saikia S, Swargiary D, Kamboj P, Tuli D, Pal U, Borah JC, Banerjee SK, Talukdar NC. Evaluation of therapeutic effect of Premna herbacea in diabetic rat and isoverbascoside against insulin resistance in L6 muscle cells through bioenergetics and stimulation of JNK and AKT/mTOR signaling cascade. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153761. [PMID: 34715512 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premna herbacea Roxb., a perennial herb is well documented for its therapeutic uses among the traditional health care-givers of Assam, India. Scientific validation on the traditional use of the medicinal plant using modern technology may promote further research in health care. PURPOSE This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of methanolic extract of P. herbacea (MEPH) against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its phytochemical(s) in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR), thereby endorsing the plant bioactives as effective anti-hyperglycemic agents. METHODS The anti-diabetic potential of the plant extract was explored both in L6 muscle cells and high fructose high fat diet (HF-HFD) fed male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Bioactivity guided fractionation and isolation procedure yielded Verbascoside and Isoverbascoside (ISOVER) as bioactive and major phytochemicals in P. herbacea. The bioenergetics profile of bioactive ISOVER and its anti-hyperglycemic potential was validated in vitro by XFe24 analyzer, glucose uptake assay and intracellular ROS generation by flourometer, FACS and confocal microscopy. The potential of ISOVER was also checked by screening various protein markers via immunoblotting. RESULTS MEPH enhanced glucose uptake in FFA-induced insulin resistant (IR) L6 muscle cells and decreased elevated blood glucose levels in HF-HFD fed rats. Isoverbascoside (ISOVER) was identified as most bioactive phytochemical for the first time from the plant in the Premna genus. ISOVER activated the protein kinase B/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascades and enhanced glucose uptake in IR-L6 muscle cells. ISOVER decreased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and increased that of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thereby attenuating IR. However, molecular docking revealed that ISOVER increases insulin sensitivity by targeting the JNK1 kinase as a competitive inhibitor rather than mTOR. These findings were further supported by the bioenergetics profile of ISOVER. CONCLUSION This study for the first time depicts the functional properties of ISOVER, derived from Premna herbacea, in ameliorating IR. The phytochemical significantly altered IR with enhanced glucose uptake and inhibition of ROS through JNK-AKT/mTOR signaling which may pave the way for further research in T2DM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Kashyap
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India
| | - Sagar Ramrao Barge
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India
| | - Simanta Bharadwaj
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India
| | - Barsha Deka
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India
| | - Seydur Rahman
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aparajita Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Biological Science and Technology Division, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Partha Pratim Dutta
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Yunus Sheikh
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Suman Kumar Samanta
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Joshodeep Boruwa
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shilpi Saikia
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Deepsikha Swargiary
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad - 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Tuli
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad - 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Uttam Pal
- S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Jagat C Borah
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Banerjee
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad - 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab - I, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk- 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India; Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, India..
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Protective Effect of Jiang Tang Xiao Ke Granules against Skeletal Muscle IR via Activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 α Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5566053. [PMID: 34326919 PMCID: PMC8277912 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5566053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Jiang Tang Xiao Ke (JTXK) granule is a classic Chinese herbal formula that has been put into clinical use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for decades. However, whether its ability to ameliorate skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is through modulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of JTXK granules on IR in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice and C2C12 cells and analyze the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we showed that JTXK granules attenuated body weight gain, reduced body fat mass, improved body lean mass, and enhanced muscle performance of diabetic mice. JTXK granules also improved glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and partially reversed abnormal serum lipid levels, which might be related to the regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, both in skeletal muscle tissue of diabetic mice and in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, drug-containing serum of JTXK granules was capable of enhancing glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiration in C2C12 cells, and AMPKα was proven to be closely involved in this process. Taken together, these results suggest that the JTXK granule ameliorates skeletal muscle IR through activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which offers a novel perspective of this formula to combat IR-related metabolic diseases.
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Resveratrol, Metabolic Dysregulation, and Alzheimer's Disease: Considerations for Neurogenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094628. [PMID: 33924876 PMCID: PMC8125227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has traditionally been discussed as a disease where serious cognitive decline is a result of Aβ-plaque accumulation, tau tangle formation, and neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been shown that metabolic dysregulation observed with insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes actively contributes to the progression of AD. One of the pathologies linking metabolic disease to AD is the release of inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the development of brain neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in amyloid-beta peptide production and accumulation. Improving these metabolic impairments has been shown to be effective at reducing AD progression and improving cognitive function. The polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) improves peripheral metabolic disorders and may provide similar benefits centrally in the brain. RSV reduces inflammatory cytokine release, improves mitochondrial energetic function, and improves Aβ-peptide clearance by activating SIRT1 and AMPK. RSV has also been linked to improved cognitive function; however, the mechanisms of action are less defined. However, there is evidence to suggest that chronic RSV-driven AMPK activation may be detrimental to synaptic function and growth, which would directly impact cognition. This review will discuss the benefits and adverse effects of RSV on the brain, highlighting the major signaling pathways and some of the gaps surrounding the use of RSV as a treatment for AD.
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Functional foods - dietary or herbal products on obesity: application of selected bioactive compounds to target lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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