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Kuluev B, Uteulin K, Bari G, Baimukhametova E, Musin K, Chemeris A. Molecular Genetic Research and Genetic Engineering of Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1621. [PMID: 37111845 PMCID: PMC10144037 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) remains an indispensable raw material with unique properties that is used in the manufacture of a large number of products and the global demand for it is growing every year. The only industrially important source of NR is the tropical tree Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg., thus alternative sources of rubber are required. For the temperate zone, the most suitable source of high quality rubber is the Russian (Kazakh) dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin (TKS). An obstacle to the widespread industrial cultivation of TKS is its high heterozygosity, poor growth energy, and low competitiveness in the field, as well as inbreeding depression. Rapid cultivation of TKS requires the use of modern technologies of marker-assisted and genomic selection, as well as approaches of genetic engineering and genome editing. This review is devoted to describing the progress in the field of molecular genetics, genomics, and genetic engineering of TKS. Sequencing and annotation of the entire TKS genome made it possible to identify a large number of SNPs, which were subsequently used in genotyping. To date, a total of 90 functional genes have been identified that control the rubber synthesis pathway in TKS. The most important of these proteins are part of the rubber transferase complex and are encoded by eight genes for cis-prenyltransferases (TkCPT), two genes for cis-prenyltransferase-like proteins (TkCPTL), one gene for rubber elongation factor (TkREF), and nine genes for small rubber particle proteins (TkSRPP). In TKS, genes for enzymes of inulin metabolism have also been identified and genome-wide studies of other gene families are also underway. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic studies of TKS lines with different accumulations of NR are also being carried out, which help to identify genes and proteins involved in the synthesis, regulation, and accumulation of this natural polymer. A number of authors already use the knowledge gained in the genetic engineering of TKS and the main goal of these works is the rapid transformation of the TKS into an economically viable rubber crop. There are no great successes in this area so far, therefore work on genetic transformation and genome editing of TKS should be continued, considering the recent results of genome-wide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat Kuluev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Kairat Uteulin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, St. Timiryazev 45, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gabit Bari
- Laboratory of Microclonal Propagation of Plants, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, St. Valikhanov 137, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Elvina Baimukhametova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Khalit Musin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Alexey Chemeris
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Yuan B, Ding G, Ma J, Wang L, Yu L, Ruan X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Wang X, Xie Q. Comparison of Morphological Characteristics and Determination of Different Patterns for Rubber Particles in Dandelion and Different Rubber Grass Varieties. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111561. [PMID: 33202722 PMCID: PMC7696596 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Russian dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is one promising alternative crop for natural rubber production. However, it is easily confused with other dandelions. In this study, we performed a systematical comparison of the morphological characteristics for different TKS varieties and common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (TO). Our results demonstrated that several obvious differences in morphology can be found between TKS and TO. TO leaf is a pinnate shape, its margin is heavily jagged and its base is cuneate, but TKS leaf is more cuneate and its leaf margin is nearly smooth and round. There are obvious differences for the outer bracts of TO and TKS flower buds. TKS bracts are oblanceolate, apex obtuse, margin smooth and sinuate, and its outer layer of flower buds and faceplate involucre sepal is buckled inward to form a certain angle. TKS is self-incompatible, and its seeds are spindle-shaped achene and show upright plumpness. A large amount of laticifer cells and rubber particles can be detected from many TKS tissues, and dry roots of TKS contain high contents of natural rubber. Laticifer cells and rubber particles can only be examined in the vein, stem, and roots of TKS. Our statical results also revealed that the numbers of laticifer cells and rubber particles have a positive relationship with the rubber content in TKS roots. These morphological features can help us to easily distinguish TKS from common dandelion and approximately estimate the rubber content in the roots of different TKS varieties for TKS breeding in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guohua Ding
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Junjun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueyu Ruan
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agricultural College, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-898-65891065 (Q.X.)
| | - Quanliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agricultural College, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-898-65891065 (Q.X.)
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