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Li G, Yang H, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhou H, Xu ZX, Wang Y. The role of macrophages in fibrosis of chronic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117079. [PMID: 38968801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are widely distributed throughout various tissues of the body, and mounting evidence suggests their involvement in regulating the tissue microenvironment, thereby influencing disease onset and progression through direct or indirect actions. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), disturbances in renal functional homeostasis lead to inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular expansion, glomerular atrophy, and subsequent renal fibrosis. Macrophages play a pivotal role in this pathological process. Therefore, understanding their role is imperative for investigating CKD progression, mitigating its advancement, and offering novel research perspectives for fibrosis treatment from an immunological standpoint. This review primarily delves into the intrinsic characteristics of macrophages, their origins, diverse subtypes, and their associations with renal fibrosis. Particular emphasis is placed on the transition between M1 and M2 phenotypes. In late-stage CKD, there is a shift from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, accompanied by an increased prevalence of M2 macrophages. This transition is governed by the activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 and JAK/STAT pathways, which facilitate macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT). The tyrosine kinase Src is involved in both signaling cascades. By thoroughly elucidating macrophage functions and comprehending the modes and molecular mechanisms of macrophage-fibroblast interaction in the kidney, novel, tailored therapeutic strategies for preventing or attenuating the progression of CKD can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Huang K, Peng Z, Zha C, Li W, Deng G, Chen X, Luo Y, Ji Z, Wang Q, Jiang K. Inflammatory factors and the risk of urolithiasis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1432275. [PMID: 39021826 PMCID: PMC11251917 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1432275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Urolithiasis is a prevalent condition encountered in urology. Over the past decade, its global incidence has been on an upward trajectory; paired with a high recurrence rate, this presents considerable health and economic burdens. Although inflammatory factors are pivotal in the onset and progression of urolithiasis, their causal linkages remain elusive. Method Mendelian randomization (MR) is predicated upon genome-wide association studies (GWASs). It integrates bioinformatics analyses to reveal causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, rendering it an effective method with minimized bias. Drawing from a publicly accessible GWAS meta-analysis comprising 8,293 samples, we identified 41 genetic variations associated with inflammatory cytokines as instrumental variables. Outcome data on upper urinary tract stones, which included renal and ureteral stones (9,713 cases and 366,693 controls), and lower urinary tract stones, including bladder and urethral stones (1,398 cases and 366,693 controls), were derived from the FinnGen Consortium R9 dataset. By leveraging the bidirectional MR methodology, we aimed to decipher the causal interplay between inflammatory markers and urolithiasis. Results Our study comprehensively elucidated the association between genetic inflammatory markers and urolithiasis via bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Post-MR analysis of the 41 genetic inflammation markers revealed that elevated levels of circulating interleukin-2 (IL-2) (OR = 0.921, 95% CI = 0.848-0.999) suggest a reduced risk for renal stone disease, while heightened stem cell growth factor beta (SCGF-β) (OR = 1.150, 95% CI = 1.009-1.310) and diminished macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1β) (OR = 0.863, 95% CI = 0.779-0.956) levels suggest an augmented risk for lower urinary tract stones. Furthermore, renal stone disease appeared to elevate IL-2 (β = 0.145, 95% CI = 0.013-0.276) and cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK) (β = 0.145, 95% CI = 0.013-0.276) levels in the bloodstream, whereas lower urinary tract stones were linked to a surge in interleukin-5 (IL-5) (β = 0.142, 95% CI = 0.057-0.226), interleukin-7 (IL-7) (β = 0.108, 95% CI = 0.024-0.192), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (β = 0.127, 95% CI = 0.044-0.210), growth regulated oncogene alpha (GRO-α) (β = 0.086, 95% CI = 0.004-0.169), monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) (β = 0.099, 95% CI = 0.008-0.191) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) (β = 0.126, 95% CI = 0.044-0.208) levels. Conclusion These discoveries intimate the instrumental role of IL-2 in the onset and progression of upper urinary tract stones. SCGF-β and MIP-1β influence the development of lower urinary tract stones. Urolithiasis also impacts the expression of cytokines such as IL-2, CTACK, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, GRO-α, MIG, and MIP-1α. There is a pressing need for further investigation to ascertain whether these biomarkers can be harnessed to prevent or treat urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Peng
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Zha
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Qing Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Chen J, Gao X, Yang M, Li Y, Chai S, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Lei Z, Xing Y, Li B. The Whitaker test: a predictive tool for evaluating the surgical efficacy of upper urinary tract reconstruction in patients carrying a nephrostomy tube after surgery. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1817-1824. [PMID: 38285099 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the role of the Whitaker test in evaluating the postoperative outcome of upper urinary tract reconstruction surgery in patients carrying a nephrostomy tube after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective observational study performed in 42 patients with nephrostomy tube undergoing the Whitaker test after upper urinary tract reconstruction surgery between January 2020 and December 2021. Data on clinical information, the Whitaker test and surgical procedure were collected prospectively, and the long-term follow-up results were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS The 46 ureters of 42 patients (right 16, left 22, bilateral 4) underwent six common upper urinary tract surgical reconstruction procedures and one combined procedure, including pyeloplasty, ureteroureterostomy, lingual mucosal onlay graft, appendiceal onlay flap, ureteral reimplantation, Boari flap, and ipsilateral lingual mucosal onlay graft combined ureteral reimplantation. All patients underwent the Whitaker test successfully without any discomfort after examination. The postoperative Whitaker test showed 43 kidneys without obstruction and 3 kidneys with obstruction. At a median follow-up of 18 months (range 13-31), the follow-up results showed that the overall success rate of the surgery was 100% (46/46). Concerning the concordance Whitaker test and follow-up results, the observed proportion of agreement was 93.5% (43/46). CONCLUSION The Whitaker test can achieve similar consistency with the long-term follow-up results after upper urinary tract reconstruction surgery and can be used as a tool to evaluate the surgical efficacy of upper urinary tract reconstruction surgery, which can provide a prognostic efficacy evaluation for patients carrying a nephrostomy tube after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xincheng Gao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chai
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xingyuan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ziqiao Lei
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Urology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Namba T, Ichii O, Natsuga K, Nakamura T, Otani Y, Kon Y. Collagen 17A1 in the Urothelium Regulates Epithelial Cell Integrity and Local Immunologic Responses in Obstructive Uropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00177-9. [PMID: 38768778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Collagen 17A1 (COL17A1), an epidermal hemidesmosome component, is ectopically induced in the urothelium of mouse and human renal pelvis (RP) in parallel with urinary tract-associated lymphoid structure development. Here, we found that COL17A1 was induced in obstructive uropathy-prone ureter of humans and cats. To ascertain its function, murine urinary organs with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were analyzed during 1 week after surgery. One day after UUO, COL17A1 expression increased in urothelial cells of RP and ureter, and was positively correlated with renal tubulointerstitial lesions. A portion of RP where the smooth muscle layer from the ureter was interrupted was sensitive to urothelium deciduation and COL17A1 induction, showing urine leaked from the RP lumen into the parenchyma. After urine stimulation, cultured immune cells expressed Cxcl2, also up-regulated in CD11b+ cells following COL17A1 stimulation. One day after UUO, CXCL2+ CD11b+ cells infiltrated the urothelium-disrupted area; however, these numbers were significantly lower in Col17a1-deficient mice. COL17A1+ urothelial cells partially co-expressed cytokeratin-14, a progenitor cell marker for urothelium, whereas Col17a1-deficient mice had lower numbers of cytokeratin-14+ cells. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that expression of epithelial- and immune-associated genes was up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in the ureter of Col17a1-deficient mice 4 days after UUO. Thus, COL17A1 maintains urothelium integrity by regulating urothelial cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, and activates local immune responses during obstructive uropathy in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Namba
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Otani
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Hammad FT, Lubbad L, Al-Salam S, Hammad WF, Yasin J, Meeran MFN, Ojha S, Arunachalam S, Hammad AF. Does Hypertension Affect the Recovery of Renal Functions after Reversal of Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1540. [PMID: 38338817 PMCID: PMC10855500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that hypertension can lead to an exaggeration in the renal functional and histological changes caused by ureteral obstruction. These changes were particularly observed shortly after the release of a relatively brief period of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). However, the long-term impact of hypertension on the recovery of renal functions has not been investigated beyond the immediate period after UUO reversal. In order to investigate this effect, a group of spontaneously hypertensive rats (G-SHR, n = 11) and a group of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (G-NTR, n = 11) were subjected to a 48 h reversible left UUO. The impact of UUO was then examined 45 days after the reversal of obstruction. The glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and the fractional excretion of sodium in the post-obstructed left kidney (POK) showed similarities to the non-obstructed right kidney (NOK) in both groups. However, the changes in the albumin creatinine ratio, renal injury markers, pro-apoptotic markers, and histological changes in the G-SHR were much more pronounced compared to the G-NTR. We conclude that hypertension continues to have a significant impact on various aspects of renal injury and function, even several weeks after UUO reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez T. Hammad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Loay Lubbad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Waheed F. Hammad
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (W.F.H.); (A.F.H.)
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.F.N.M.); (S.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.F.N.M.); (S.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Seenipandi Arunachalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.F.N.M.); (S.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Awwab F. Hammad
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (W.F.H.); (A.F.H.)
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Li D, Yue X, Wang A, Wang J, Zhang W, Wu M, Wei Y. Relieving urinary tract obstructions may increase the risk of gouty arthritis in patients with hyperuricemia and postrenal obstructions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36911. [PMID: 38215123 PMCID: PMC10783221 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of relieving urinary tract obstructions (RUO) on the risk of gouty arthritis in patients with postrenal obstructions and hyperuricemia. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 130 patients with urinary tract obstructions at Rongcheng People's Hospital from 2018 to 2021. Patients were divided into groups A (n = 62) and B (n = 68) according to the treatment method. Patients in group A underwent conservative treatments, such as drugs, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and hemodialysis. Patients in Group B underwent catheterization, cystostomy, nephrostomy, or double J ureteral catheterization for rapid RUO. The ages of groups A and B were 58.40 ± 17.69 and 59.63 ± 16.12 years, respectively (P = .42). Before treatment, the serum uric acid values were 572.05 ± 106.93 and 567.79 ± 97.21 µmol/L, respectively (P = .94); serum creatinine values were 226.66 ± 269.67 and 280.15 ± 200.75 µmol/L, respectively (P = .88); and urine volumes were 913.23 ± 481.92 and 886.18 ± 552.72 mL/24 h, respectively (P = .08). No significant differences in the general data were identified between the two groups (P > .05). The effects of the two treatments on the incidence of gout in patients with hyperuricemia complicated by postrenal obstruction were compared based on changes in uric acid level, creatinine level, and urine volume within 1 week after treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze clinical factors that increased the incidence of gout after RUO. The gout incidence rates in group A before and after treatment were 8.1% (5/62) and 6.5% (4/62), respectively (P > .99). The gout incidence rates in group B before and after treatment were 4.4% (3/68) and 19.1% (10/68), respectively (P = .01). Group B had a statistically significant increase in the gout incidence rate after RUO (P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that having an age > 60 years, urine volume ≤400 mL/24 h, and creatinine level > 186 µmol/L before treatment were risk factors for gout in patients with hyperuricemia after RUO. Relieving urinary tract obstruction increases the risk of gouty arthritis in patients with hyperuricemia and acute postrenal obstruction. Age, urine volume, and creatinine levels before treatment are risk factors for gout in patients with hyperuricemia after RUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Department of Urology, Rongcheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rongcheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Urology, Rongcheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Rongcheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Rongcheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Urology, Rongcheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Yangguang Wei
- Department of Urology, Rongcheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining University, Weihai, Shandong, China
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Kianfar T, Kadkhodaee M, Seifi B, Abdi A, Adelipour M, Pishkenari BH, Malboosi N, Ranjbaran M. The effect of tannic acid on renal renin-angiotensin signaling pathway in a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction in male Wistar rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3569-3579. [PMID: 37249615 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of current study was to elucidate polyphenol tannic acid effect on renal function and activity of the renin-angiotensin system after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of six randomly: 1) Sham, 2) UUO, and 3) UUO + Tannic acid. Rats in the UUO and UUO + Tannic acid groups experienced unilateral ureteral obstruction. In the Sham group, the abdominal cavity was exposed without UUO induction. In the UUO + Tannic acid group, animals received tannic acid (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, 6 and 12 h after clamping the left ureter and 6 and 12 h after the right nephrectomy. Blood samples were taken to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. Kidney tissue samples were obtained for assessment of oxidative stress, inflammatory indices and the levels of renin-angiotensin system components. Tannic acid administration significantly improved UUO-induced kidney dysfunction (serum BUN: 66.42 ± 14.414 mg/dl, p < 0.05; serum creatinine: 1.67 ± 0.258 mg/dl, p < 0.05), oxidative stress (MDA level: 95.29 ± 37.35 µmol/g tissue, p < 0.05; SOD activity: 59.82 ± 13.41 U/g protein, p < 0.01) and inflammation (renal TNF-α: 57.05 ± 15.653 pg/g tissue, p < 0.05; renal IL-6: 117.015 ± 24.076 pg/g tissue, p < 0.001). The treatment caused a reduction in the amount of renal angiotensinogen, renin and ACE genes expression compared to the UUO group (Angiotensinogen: 8.9 ± onefold, p < 0.05, Renin: 6.5 ± 1.14 fold, p < 0.05, ACE: 4.9 ± 0.64 fold, p < 0.05). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor protein levels decreased in the tannic acid-treated rats in comparison with the UUO group (0.61 ± 0.136, p < 0.05). According to the result of the current study, tannic acid considerably attenuated the complications of unilateral ureteral obstruction through renin-angiotensin system modulation. Trial registration: IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1400.802.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kianfar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Behjat Seifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Arash Abdi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahar Hejazi Pishkenari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Nasrin Malboosi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Mina Ranjbaran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.
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Li L, Ye Z, Xia Y, Li B, Chen L, Yan X, Yuan T, Song B, Yu W, Rao T, Lin F, Zhou X, Cheng F. YAP/ACSL4 Pathway-Mediated Ferroptosis Promotes Renal Fibrosis in the Presence of Kidney Stones. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2692. [PMID: 37893066 PMCID: PMC10603838 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential association between calcium oxalate stones and renal fibrosis has been extensively investigated; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and regulated by acyl coenzyme A synthase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator in the Hippo pathway, promotes ferroptosis by modulating ACSL4 expression. Nevertheless, the involvement of YAP-ACSL4 axis-mediated ferroptosis in calcium oxalate crystal deposition-induced renal fibrosis and its molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated ACSL4 expression and ferroptosis activation in the kidney tissues of patients with calcium oxalate stones and in mice using single-cell sequencing, transcriptome RNA sequencing, immunohistochemical analysis, and Western blot analysis. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibiting ferroptosis or ACSL4 mitigated calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal fibrosis. Furthermore, YAP expression was elevated in the kidney tissues of patients with calcium oxalate stones and in calcium oxalate crystal-stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cell lines. Mechanistically, in calcium oxalate crystal-stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cell lines, activated YAP translocated to the nucleus and enhanced ACSL4 expression, consequently inducing cellular ferroptosis. Moreover, YAP silencing suppressed ferroptosis by downregulating ACSL4 expression, thereby attenuating calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal fibrosis. Conclusively, our findings suggest that YAP-ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis represents an important mechanism underlying the induction of renal fibrosis by calcium oxalate crystal deposition. Targeting the YAP-ACSL4 axis and ferroptosis may therefore hold promise as a potential therapeutic approach for preventing renal fibrosis in patients with kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.L.); (Z.Y.)
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Thielemans R, Speeckaert R, Delrue C, De Bruyne S, Oyaert M, Speeckaert MM. Unveiling the Hidden Power of Uromodulin: A Promising Potential Biomarker for Kidney Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3077. [PMID: 37835820 PMCID: PMC10572911 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, represents the predominant urinary protein in healthy individuals. Over the years, studies have revealed compelling associations between urinary and serum concentrations of uromodulin and various parameters, encompassing kidney function, graft survival, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism, and overall mortality. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in uromodulin as a novel and effective biomarker with potential applications in diverse clinical settings. Reduced urinary uromodulin levels have been linked to an elevated risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery. In the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of different etiologies, urinary uromodulin levels tend to decrease significantly and are strongly correlated with variations in estimated glomerular filtration rate. The presence of uromodulin in the serum, attributable to basolateral epithelial cell leakage in the thick ascending limb, has been observed. This serum uromodulin level is closely associated with kidney function and histological severity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker capable of reflecting disease severity across a spectrum of kidney disorders. The UMOD gene has emerged as a prominent locus linked to kidney function parameters and CKD risk within the general population. Extensive research in multiple disciplines has underscored the biological significance of the top UMOD gene variants, which have also been associated with hypertension and kidney stones, thus highlighting the diverse and significant impact of uromodulin on kidney-related conditions. UMOD gene mutations are implicated in uromodulin-associated kidney disease, while polymorphisms in the UMOD gene show a significant association with CKD. In conclusion, uromodulin holds great promise as an informative biomarker, providing valuable insights into kidney function and disease progression in various clinical scenarios. The identification of UMOD gene variants further strengthens its relevance as a potential target for better understanding kidney-related pathologies and devising novel therapeutic strategies. Future investigations into the roles of uromodulin and regulatory mechanisms are likely to yield even more profound implications for kidney disease diagnosis, risk assessment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raïsa Thielemans
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Sangeetha G, Babu R. A Cost-effectiveness Model Comparing Urinary Biomarkers with Diuretic Renogram in Diagnosing Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Children. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2023; 28:278-281. [PMID: 37635890 PMCID: PMC10455716 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_27_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims In this cost-effectiveness model, we compared the cost-effectiveness of commonly used urinary biomarkers with conventional diuretic renogram (DR) in diagnosing ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). We hypothesized that urinary biomarkers are as effective as DR. Methods We used incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) as a tool for our cost-effectiveness analysis model. The cost of biomarker assay and renogram were sourced from the same center while the accuracy data of DR and urinary biomarkers from the relevant pubications. Results As the accuracy of individual biomarker increased, the ICER also got better. As a panel of biomarker was introduced, the ICER went to the negative range suggesting cost saving as well. ICER of most urine biomarkers is currently less expensive and less effective. When a biomarker panel was applied ICER became more expensive and effective. With higher samples, test running cost is likely to go down in future and thus biomarkers are likely become less expensive and more effective. Conclusions Individual urine biomarkers are currently less expensive and less effective compared to DR in predicting UPJO. In future, biomarker panel is likely to be more cost-effective and reduce the need for invasive renogram thus reducing the radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geminiganesan Sangeetha
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Babu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Giannuzzi F, Maiullari S, Gesualdo L, Sallustio F. The Mission of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Adult Renal Stem/Progenitor Cells and Renal Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081115. [PMID: 37190024 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large, heterogeneous class of transcripts and key regulators of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in different cellular contexts and biological processes. Understanding the potential mechanisms of action of lncRNAs and their role in disease onset and development may open up new possibilities for therapeutic approaches in the future. LncRNAs also play an important role in renal pathogenesis. However, little is known about lncRNAs that are expressed in the healthy kidney and that are involved in renal cell homeostasis and development, and even less is known about lncRNAs involved in human adult renal stem/progenitor cells (ARPC) homeostasis. Here we give a thorough overview of the biogenesis, degradation, and functions of lncRNAs and highlight our current understanding of their functional roles in kidney diseases. We also discuss how lncRNAs regulate stem cell biology, focusing finally on their role in human adult renal stem/progenitor cells, in which the lncRNA HOTAIR prevents them from becoming senescent and supports these cells to secrete high quantities of α-Klotho, an anti-aging protein capable of influencing the surrounding tissues and therefore modulating the renal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giannuzzi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Maiullari
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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12
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Vukmirović Papuga M, Bukumirić Z, Ilinčić B, Mijović R, Šašić Ostojić T, Žeravica R. Serum Uromodulin, a Potential Biomarker of Tubulointerstitial Damage, Correlates Well with Measured GFR and ERPF in Patients with Obstructive Nephropathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121729. [PMID: 36556931 PMCID: PMC9785409 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In chronic kidney obstruction, the severity of tubulointerstitial damage correlates best with the loss of kidney function and the risk for progression to end-stage kidney disease. The present study aimed to investigate the potential clinical significance of serum uromodulin (sUmod) as a marker of early kidney disfunction in patient with obstructive nephropathy (ON). Materials and Methods: Serum Umod level was measured by sensitive ELISA method in 57 adult patients with obstructive nephropathy and 25 healthy subjects in control group. Kidney function was precisely evaluated via measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) (renal clearance of 99 mTc-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and Cystatin C level. Recruited patients were divided into subgroups based on the mGFR: group I—GFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (N = 31), group II—GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (N = 26). Results: A significantly lower level of serum uromodulin was measured in patients with ON (50.2 ± 26.3 ng/mL) compared to the control group (78.3 ± 24.5 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). The mean level of serum Umod was significantly different between group I (30.5 ng/mL ± 11.1) and group II (73.6 ng/mL ± 18.6) (p < 0.001), but not between group II (73.6 ng/mL ± 18.6) and control group (78.3 ± 24.5 ng/mL). There was a positive correlation between sUmod and mGFR (R = 0.757, p < 0.001) and ERPF (R = 0.572 p < 0.001), with lower sUmod levels in patients with impaired renal function. An inverse relationship was detected between sUmod and filtration markers—cystatin C (R = −0.625, p < 0.001), creatinine, urea and uric acid. ROC analysis of sUmod to differentiate between ON patients with GFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and above 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 resulted in AUC of 0.98 (p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.922 vs. 0.998) at a cut-off value of 46 ng/mL (specificity 96.8%, sensitivity 92.2%). Conclusions: The significant correlation of sUmod with kidney function parameters may imply potential clinical significance as a noninvasive biomarker of early kidney disfunction in obstructive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vukmirović Papuga
- Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumirić
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava Ilinčić
- Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Romana Mijović
- Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tanja Šašić Ostojić
- Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Radmila Žeravica
- Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Liu C, Ma K, Zhang Y, He X, Song L, Chi M, Han Z, Li G, Zhang Q, Liu C. Kidney diseases and long non-coding RNAs in the limelight. Front Physiol 2022; 13:932693. [PMID: 36299256 PMCID: PMC9589442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.932693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most extensively and well-investigated sequences in the human genome are protein-coding genes, while large numbers of non-coding sequences exist in the human body and are even more diverse with more potential roles than coding sequences. With the unveiling of non-coding RNA research, long-stranded non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of transcripts >200 nucleotides in length primarily expressed in the nucleus and rarely in the cytoplasm, have drawn our attention. LncRNAs are involved in various levels of gene regulatory processes, including but not limited to promoter activity, epigenetics, translation and transcription efficiency, and intracellular transport. They are also dysregulated in various pathophysiological processes, especially in diseases and cancers involving genomic imprinting. In recent years, numerous studies have linked lncRNAs to the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in lncRNAs, their impact on kidney diseases, and associated complications, as well as the value of lncRNAs as emerging biomarkers for the prevention and prognosis of kidney diseases, suggesting their potential as new therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Liu
- Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yunchao Zhang
- Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanhua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Guanhua Li, ; Qinxiu Zhang, ; Chi Liu,
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Guanhua Li, ; Qinxiu Zhang, ; Chi Liu,
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Guanhua Li, ; Qinxiu Zhang, ; Chi Liu,
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Sangeetha G, Babu R. Comparing accuracy of urinary biomarkers in differentiation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction from nonobstructive dilatation in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:2277-2287. [PMID: 35237864 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple urinary biomarkers have been reported in differentiation of nonobstructive dilatation (NOD) from ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). In this meta-analysis, we compared the accuracy of common urinary biomarkers applicable to UPJO. A systematic literature review of electronic databases was conducted for: (UPJO) OR (NOD) AND (urinary biomarkers) AND (children) for articles published in the last decade. PRISMA guidelines were used to exclude duplicate and erroneous articles. Meta-analysis involved risk of bias analysis, heterogeneity assessment, and comparison of sensitivity/specificity by forest plot analysis using MetaXL 5.3. Among the 264 articles analyzed, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria and reported the following: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), kidney injury molecule (KIM1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and interferon gamma induced protein-10 (IP10). There was substantial heterogeneity among articles. There was wide variation in applied cut-offs among studies. Overall sensitivity was highest at 87% for CA 19-9 while overall specificity was highest at 76% for NGAL. Overall accuracy was highest at 78% for CA 19-9 followed by 77% for NGAL and 75% for KIM1. In this meta-analysis, the overall accuracy was highest for CA 19-9 followed by NGAL and KIM1. The small number of studies for CA 19-9 and considerable heterogeneity for all should be considered while interpreting these findings. Based on the current meta-analysis, we support a panel of biomarkers combining NGAL, KIM, and CA 19-9 for the best diagnostic accuracy of UPJO in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geminiganesan Sangeetha
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, 600116, India.
| | - Ramesh Babu
- Pediatric Urology Unit, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, 600116, Chennai, India
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15
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Ureterorenoscopic (URS) Lithotripsy and Balloon Dilation Cause Acute Kidney Injury and Distal Renal Tubule Damage: A Prospective Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5505969. [PMID: 36158883 PMCID: PMC9492427 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5505969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ureterorenoscopy (URS) is believed to be a safe and effective procedure for treating ureteral stones or ureteral strictures. Rapidly increasing intrarenal pressure during URS may have a negative impact on the kidney, but its effect on renal function is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether URS balloon dilation or lithotripsy could cause acute kidney injury (AKI), which was evaluated using urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and renal tubular damage, which was evaluated using urine α-glutathione S-transferase (GST) and πGST. This prospective study included 207 patients with a mean age of 53.8 years between September 2012 and June 2013. Four groups were included: the ureteral stricture group (group 1), the ureteral stone group (group 2), and two control groups. URS increased urine NGAL (uNGAL) levels on days 1 and 14 in both groups, and only elevated uGST levels were noted on day 14 after URS lithotripsy (URS). On day 14, the difference between low-grade and high-grade hydronephrosis was significant in group 1 (p < 0.001) compared to that in group 2 (p = 0.150). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and stone size > 1.0 cm were associated with the complete recovery of hydronephrosis after URS on day 14. Patients with ureteral stones with preserved renal function had more AKI than those with impaired renal function. However, there was no significant difference in URS-related AKI between the ≤1 cm and >1 cm subgroups. In addition, urine αGST and πGST levels were both significantly higher in the stone > 1 cm subgroup than in the ≤1 cm subgroup. In conclusion, URS laser lithotripsy and balloon dilatation resulted in AKI and renal tubular damage on day 14, although post-URS double-J (DBJ) stenting was performed in every patient.
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Kumar R, Soni H, Afolabi JM, Kanthakumar P, Mankuzhy PD, Iwhiwhu SA, Adebiyi A. Induction of reactive oxygen species by mechanical stretch drives endothelin production in neonatal pig renal epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102394. [PMID: 35841629 PMCID: PMC9289874 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive endothelin (ET) is generated by ET converting enzyme (ECE)-induced proteolytic processing of pro-molecule big ET to biologically active peptides. H2O2 has been shown to increase the expression of ECE1 via transactivation of its promoter. The present study demonstrates that H2O2 triggered ECE1-dependent ET1-3 production in neonatal pig proximal tubule (PT) epithelial cells. A uniaxial stretch of PT cells decreased catalase, increased NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 and NOX4, and increased H2O2 levels. Stretch also increased cellular ECE1, an effect reversed by EUK-134 (a synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic), NOX inhibitor apocynin, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of NOX2 and NOX4. Short-term unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), an inducer of renal tubular cell stretch and oxidative stress, increased renal ET1-3 generation and vascular resistance (RVR) in neonatal pigs. Despite removing the obstruction, UUO-induced increase in RVR persisted, resulting in early acute kidney injury (AKI). ET receptor (ETR)-operated Ca2+ entry in renal microvascular smooth muscle (SM) via transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) channels reduced renal blood flow and increased RVR. Although acute reversible UUO (rUUO) did not change protein expression levels of ETR and TRPC3 in renal microvessels, inhibition of ECE1, ETR, and TRPC3 protected against renal hypoperfusion, RVR increase, and early AKI. These data suggest that mechanical stretch-driven oxyradical generation stimulates ET production in neonatal pig renal epithelial cells. ET activates renal microvascular SM TRPC3, leading to persistent vasoconstriction and reduction in renal blood flow. These mechanisms may underlie rUUO-induced renal insufficiency in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hitesh Soni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah M Afolabi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Praghalathan Kanthakumar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pratheesh D Mankuzhy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Samson A Iwhiwhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Shida MEF, Dellê H, Queiroz MS. Could CA 19-9 be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of adequate relief in lower urinary tract obstructions? Rev Col Bras Cir 2022; 49:e20223304. [PMID: 36000683 PMCID: PMC10578799 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223304-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION posterior urethral valves represent an important cause of childhood chronic kidney disease. The identification of biomarkers that indicate early kidney damage and even adequate clearance could reduce how many patients head towards kidney failure. OBJECTIVE this study evaluated how this easy-analysis biomarker (CA 19-9) could help identifying potential renal damage and adequate clearance in obstructive uropathies. METHODS 46 female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, with different patterns of partial urinary tract obstruction: group control; group OIV: infravesical obstruction; group OIVd: infravesical obstruction with reversion, obstruction relief 7 postoperative days later; group OUu: unilateral ureteral obstruction; group OUb: bilateral ureteral obstruction. The CA 19-9s performance was compared to another biomarker: Ngal. Determination of basal CA 19-9 and Ngal in urine and blood and serum creatinine levels was performed in the rats prior to surgery (T0) and after 14 days (T1). Group OIVd underwent intermediate (Ti) collection before clearance. RESULTS the urinary concentration of CA 19-9 increased in groups OIV, OIVd and OUb; elevation at T1 and Ti, reached statistical significance compared to the T0 value (p<0,05). Changes in urinary CA 19-9 were more expressive in infravesical obstruction groups (AUC 0.81). Obstruction relief in group OIVd promoted significant urinary CA 19-9 reduction (p<0,05) in the final evaluation. CONCLUSIONS CA 19-9 urinary concentration increased in partial urinary tract obstruction. Its best performance was in the bladder neck obstruction group, in which the elevation was detected early (6 days after infravesical obstruction) and the CA19-9 urinary concentration declined after clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Emilia Francisco Shida
- - Universidade Nove de Julho, Pós-graduação stricto sensu em Medicina - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
- - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina de cirurgia pediátrica, Urologia - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
| | - Humberto Dellê
- - Universidade Nove de Julho, Pós-graduação stricto sensu em Medicina - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
| | - Marcia Silva Queiroz
- - Universidade Nove de Julho, Pós-graduação stricto sensu em Medicina - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
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Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Peritoneal Dialytic Effluent: Preliminary Results on the Comparison between Two Different Methods in Patients with and without Peritonitis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a lipocalin involved in the immune response and is significantly high in the peritoneal dialytic effluent (PDE) of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with inflammation of the peritoneum membrane (peritonitis). The focus of this study was to match two different techniques for peritoneal NGAL evaluation: NGAL point-of-care test-POCT (NGAL Dipstick—NGALds) versus the laboratory-based NGAL assay and with the white cell count in PDE. In this study, we included 30 PD patients: 17 with peritonitis and 13 without. Peritoneal NGAL was tested by a turbidimetric immunoassay and by NGALds. We noticed a good positive linear correlation between the POCT results and the laboratory-based test and between the peritoneal NGALds and white cell count in PDE (both, p < 0.01). NGALds values resulted in being elevated in patients with peritonitis (300 ng/mL, IQR 300–600) in comparison to patients without (100 ng/mL, IQR 50–150) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the NGALds test was performed in a median time of 20 mins (IQR 18–21) in comparison with the median time of 65 mins (IQR 55–69) necessary for the laboratory-based test (p < 0.01). The results of the NGALds were coherent with the laboratory-based NGAL and with the white cell count in PDE; furthermore, it was a user-friendly method with real-time findings. NGALds could be an extra tool for the diagnosis of peritonitis, helpful at the bedside of the patient, shortening the length of diagnosis, and if the laboratory-based NGAL test is not accessible.
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Kim K, Jeong B, Lee YM, Son HE, Ryu JY, Park S, Jeong JC, Chin HJ, Kim S. Three-Dimensional Kidney-on-a-Chip Assessment of Contrast-Induced Kidney Injury: Osmolality and Viscosity. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050688. [PMID: 35630155 PMCID: PMC9146534 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased viscosity of concentrated contrast media (CM) in the renal tubules can perturb renal hemodynamics and have a detrimental effect on tubular epithelial cells. However, the effects of viscosity on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remain poorly understood. Conventional in vitro culture studies do not reflect the rheological properties of CM. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CM viscosity on renal tubules using a kidney-on-a-chip and two different types of CM. Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) were cultured in a three-dimensional microfluidic culture platform under bidirectional fluid shear stress. We treated the RPTEC with two types of CM: low- (LOCM, iopromide) and iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM, iodixanol). Renal tubular cell injury induced by LOCM and IOCM was examined under different iodine concentrations (50–250 mgI/mL) and shear-stress conditions. LOCM showed a significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, which was significantly higher than that of IOCM under static and low-to-moderate shear stress conditions. However, high shear-stress resulted in reduced cell viability in IOCM; no difference between IOCM and LOCM was found under high shear-stress conditions. The cytotoxic effects were pronounced at a mean shear stress of 1 dyn/cm2 or higher. The high viscosity of IOCM slowed the fluid flow rate and augmented fluid shear-stress. We suggest an alternative in vitro model of CIN using the three-dimensional kidney-on-a-chip. Our results indicate a vital role of viscosity-induced nephrotoxicity under high shear-stress conditions, contrary to the findings of conventional in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipyo Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea;
| | - Beomgyun Jeong
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea;
| | - Yun-Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Hyung-Eun Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ji-Young Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ho Jun Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-787-7051; Fax: +82-31-787-4052
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SHIDA MARCIAEMILIAFRANCISCO, DELLÊ HUMBERTO, QUEIROZ MARCIASILVA. O antígeno carboidrato CA 19-9 poderia ser um biomarcador útil no diagnóstico, prognóstico e acompanhamento da obstrução baixa do trato urinário? Rev Col Bras Cir 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: a válvula de uretra posterior representa uma importante causa de doença renal crônica na infância. A identificação de biomarcadores que monitorem danos renais precoces e o sucesso da desobstrução do trato urinário podem reduzir o número de pacientes que evoluem para insuficiência renal. Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho do biomarcador antígeno carboidrato CA 19-9 nas obstruções parciais do trato urinário. Método: 46 ratas Wistar foram divididas em 5 grupos: grupo controle; grupo OIV: obstrução infravesical; grupo OIVd: obstrução infravesical com alívio da obstrução após 7 dias; grupo OUu: obstrução ureteral unilateral; grupo OUb: obstrução ureteral bilateral. O desempenho do CA 19-9 foi comparado a outro biomarcador, a Ngal. A dosagem de CA 19-9 e Ngal na urina e no sangue, e os níveis de creatinina sérica foram avaliados nas ratas antes da cirurgia (T0) e após 14 dias (T1). O grupo OIVd foi submetido a uma coleta intermediária (Ti). Resultados: a concentração urinária de CA19-9 aumentou nos grupos OIV, OIVd e OUb; a elevação em T1 e Ti alcançou significância estatística em relação ao valor de T0 (p<0,05). As alterações no CA 19-9 urinário foram mais expressivas nos grupos de obstrução infravesical (AUC 0,81). O alívio da obstrução no grupo OIVd promoveu redução do CA 19-9 urinário (p<0,05). Conclusões: a concentração urinária de CA19-9 aumentou na obstrução parcial do trato urinário. Seu melhor desempenho foi no grupo de obstrução infravesical, no qual a elevação foi detectada precocemente (6 dias de pós-operatório) com queda após a retirada do fator obstrutivo.
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Ishiyama Y, Kondo T, Ishihara H, Yoshida K, Iizuka J, Tanabe K, Takagi T. Association between Ureteral Clamping Time and Acute Kidney Injury during Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4986-4997. [PMID: 34940057 PMCID: PMC8700330 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is replacing open radical cystectomy (ORC) and requires clamping of the ureters, resulting in a predisposition to postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated the association between ureteral clamping or its duration and acute/chronic postoperative kidney function. Patients who underwent radical cystectomy (robotic or open) at two tertiary institutions during 2002-2021 were retrospectively enrolled. In those who underwent RARC, the maximum postoperative percentage serum creatinine level (%sCre) change was plotted against ureteral clamping duration. They were divided into two groups using the median clamping time (210 min), and the maximum %sCre change and percentage estimated glomerular filtration rate (%eGFR) change at 3-6 months (chronic) were compared between the ORC (no clamp), RARC < 210, and RARC ≥ 210 groups. In 44 RARC patients, a weak correlation was observed between the duration of ureteral clamping and %Cre change (R2 = 0.22, p = 0.001). Baseline serum creatinine levels were comparable between the groups. However, %sCre change was significantly larger in the RARC ≥ 210 group (N = 17, +32.1%) than those in the RARC < 210 (N = 27, +6.1%) and ORC (N = 76, +9.5%) groups (both, p < 0.001). Chronic %eGFR change was comparable between the groups. Longer clamping of the ureter during RARC may precipitate AKI; therefore, the clamping duration should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Ishiyama
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 1168567, Japan; (Y.I.); (H.I.)
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 1168567, Japan; (Y.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Hiroki Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 1168567, Japan; (Y.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Junpei Iizuka
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
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Qin L, Xu J, Tang Y, Zhang H, Yi X, Jin W, Fu X, Zhu G, Hu W, Li M. Value of noncontrast computer tomography in predicting the characteristics of obstructive uropathy. Clin Imaging 2021; 82:53-57. [PMID: 34773812 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the diagnostic value of noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) in differentiating pyonephrosis from nonpyogenic hydronephrosis on the basis of CT values (in Horsfield unit [HU]). METHODS Data from patients diagnosed with obstructive uropathy at the First affiliated hospital of University of South China from November 2017 to January 2021 were subjected to retrospective analysis. In accordance with the gold standard-the presence of pus during the operation-all patients were divided into the nonpyogenic hydronephrosis group and the pyonephrosis group. The relationship between CT values and the presence or absence of pyonephrosis was performed using binary logistic regression. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine threshold values for classification on the basis of mean HU. RESULTS A total of 207 patients, including 100 males and 107 females, were enrolled. Out of the 207 cases, 124 cases of obstructive uropathy were nonpyogenic hydronephrosis and 83 cases were of pyonephrosis. The CT values of the pyonephrosis group were significantly higher than that of the nonpyogenic hydronephrosis group (t = 9.15, P < 0.05). The CT values were dependent on the presence or absence of pyonephrosis (P < 0.05). A HU threshold value of 9.75 could be applied to diagnose the presence of pyonephrosis. CONCLUSION The CT values of hydronephrosis might predict the presence of pyonephrosis in the kidney, and the CT value of 9.75 HU might be the appropriate threshold for its prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jieru Xu
- School of Public Health, The University of South China, No. 28, Changsheng West Road, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yunhui Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuan Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingyong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Urology Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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王 钊, 张 朝, 金 黎, 刘 博, 沈 炼, 何 大, 魏 光. [Establishment of an Animal Model of Vesicoureteral Reflux Renal Injury through Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:825-831. [PMID: 34622600 PMCID: PMC10408891 DOI: 10.12182/20210960502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an animal model of reflux renal damage through bladder outlet obstruction. METHODS Sixty male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to a control group, a sham operation group, and a partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) group, with 20 mice in each group. Laparotomy were performed on the PBOO mice under anesthesia in order to separate the bladder necks and to perform guided partial ligation of the bladder neck with a metal rod of 0.3 mm diameter. Mice in the sham operation group had laparotomy and had their bladder necks separated without ligation. The control group did not receive any treatment. 7 days after the surgery, 12 surviving mice were randomly selected from each group to observe the general changes of the bladder, ureter, renal pelvis and kidney. Retrograde urography was performed through the bladder. Kidney tissues were extracted for histopathological analysis. The expression levels of Vimentin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were examined with Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining tests, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the control and sham operation group, the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis of the mice in the PBOO group were significantly enlarged, vesicoureteral reflux was more obvious, the kidney volume and mass increased ( P<0.001), and renal parenchyma became thinner ( P<0.000 1). Histopathological staining showed glomerular atrophy, renal tubule expansion, tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, glomerular basement membrane hyperplasia and obvious interstitial fibrosis. Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression levels of Vimentin, PCNA and α-SMA in kidney tissue were elevated ( P<0.000 1). CONCLUSION After PBOO, the bladder, ureter, and kidney of the mice showed obvious morphological alteration and presented reflux renal fibrosis-like damage. This can be used as an animal model to study the pathological alteration mechanism and therapeutic measures of renal fibrosis caused by bladder outlet obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- 钊颖 王
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重点实验室 儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地 儿科学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 400014)Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Children's Development and Disorders of the Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 朝霞 张
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重点实验室 儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地 儿科学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 400014)Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Children's Development and Disorders of the Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 黎明 金
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重点实验室 儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地 儿科学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 400014)Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Children's Development and Disorders of the Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 博 刘
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重点实验室 儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地 儿科学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 400014)Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Children's Development and Disorders of the Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 炼桔 沈
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重点实验室 儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地 儿科学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 400014)Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Children's Development and Disorders of the Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 大维 何
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重点实验室 儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地 儿科学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 400014)Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Children's Development and Disorders of the Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 泌尿外科 (重庆 400014)Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 光辉 魏
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重点实验室 儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地 儿科学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 400014)Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Children's Development and Disorders of the Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院 泌尿外科 (重庆 400014)Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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Qindeel M, Barani M, Rahdar A, Arshad R, Cucchiarini M. Nanomaterials for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:546. [PMID: 33671511 PMCID: PMC7926703 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain challenging due to the lack of convenient assessment techniques and to the resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapy, showing the need for novel approaches to address such problems. In this regard, nanotechnology has a strong potential for both the diagnosis and therapy of UTIs via controlled delivery of antimicrobials upon stable, effective and sustained drug release. On one side, nanoscience allowed the production of various nanomaterial-based evaluation tools as precise, effective, and rapid procedures for the identification of UTIs. On the other side, nanotechnology brought tremendous breakthroughs for the treatment of UTIs based on the use of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) for instance, owing to the antimicrobial properties of metals, or of surface-tailored nanocarriers, allowing to overcome multidrug-resistance and prevent biofilm formation via targeted drug delivery to desired sites of action and preventing the development of cytotoxic processes in healthy cells. The goal of the current study is therefore to present the newest developments for the diagnosis and treatment of UTIs based on nanotechnology procedures in relation to the currently available techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimoona Qindeel
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.Q.); (R.A.)
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.Q.); (R.A.)
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg. 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Guo Y, Li G, Gao L, Cheng X, Wang L, Qin Y, Zhang D. Exaggerated renal fibrosis in lncRNA Gas5-deficient mice after unilateral ureteric obstruction. Life Sci 2021; 264:118656. [PMID: 33121989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) occurs in several diseases including renal fibrosis. Notably, growth arrest-specific 5 (Gas5) is a lncRNA, which functions as an essential modulator of cell proliferation and growth. However, the role and expression of lncRNA Gas5 associated with renal fibrosis remains controversial. Herein, we investigate the effect of lncRNA Gas5 deficiency in renal fibrosis induced by the operation of unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) in mice. MAIN METHODS Sera and urine of mice were used to detect markers of renal function. Further, Masson and immunohistochemical staining, western blotting as well as qRT-PCR were performed to observe the distribution and expression of fibrosis marker in the kidney tissue of the mice. KEY FINDINGS Unlike the wild type mice, the obstructed kidney in Gas5+/- mice showed more severe renal fibrosis and collagen deposition. In the UUO-Gas5+/- group, the serum levels of uric acid, serum creatinine, and the urine levels of albumin-to-creatinine ratio were higher. Moreover, the expression of mRNA and protein of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, collagen IV, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were higher, whereas that of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were lower with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE lncRNA Gas5 was up-regulated in renal fibrosis tissues, and its deficiency exacerbated renal fibrosis in the UUO mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyou Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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García-Estañ J, Vargas F. Editorial for Special Issue-Biomarkers of Renal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218077. [PMID: 33138007 PMCID: PMC7662859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín García-Estañ
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.G.-E.); (F.V.)
| | - Felix Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.G.-E.); (F.V.)
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