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Budeus B, Álvaro-Benito M, Crivello P. HLA-DM and HLA-DO interplay for the peptide editing of HLA class II in healthy tissues and leukemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2024; 37:101561. [PMID: 39098801 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2024.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
HLA class II antigen presentation is modulated by the activity of the peptide editor HLA-DM and its antagonist HLA-DO, with their interplay controlling the peptide repertoires presented by normal and malignant cells. The role of these molecules in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) is poorly investigated. Balanced expression of HLA-DM and HLA-DO can influence the presentation of leukemia-associated antigens and peptides targeted by alloreactive T cells, therefore affecting both anti-leukemia immunity and the potential onset of Graft versus Host Disease. We leveraged on a large collection of bulk and single cell RNA sequencing data, available at different repositories, to comprehensively review the level and distribution of HLA-DM and HLA-DO in different cell types and tissues of the human body. The resulting expression atlas will help future investigations aiming to dissect the dual role of HLA class II peptide editing in alloHCT, and their potential impact on its clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Budeus
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Miguel Álvaro-Benito
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pietro Crivello
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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2
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Bartaula-Brevik S, Leitch C, Hernandez-Valladares M, Aasebø E, Berven FS, Selheim F, Brenner AK, Rye KP, Hagen M, Reikvam H, McCormack E, Bruserud Ø, Tvedt THA. Vacuolar ATPase Is a Possible Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Focus on Patient Heterogeneity and Treatment Toxicity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5546. [PMID: 37685612 PMCID: PMC10488188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is regarded as a possible target in cancer treatment. It is expressed in primary acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML), but the expression varies between patients and is highest for patients with a favorable prognosis after intensive chemotherapy. We therefore investigated the functional effects of two V-ATPase inhibitors (bafilomycin A1, concanamycin A) for primary AML cells derived from 80 consecutive patients. The V-ATPase inhibitors showed dose-dependent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects that varied considerably between patients. A proteomic comparison of primary AML cells showing weak versus strong antiproliferative effects of V-ATPase inhibition showed a differential expression of proteins involved in intracellular transport/cytoskeleton functions, and an equivalent phosphoproteomic comparison showed a differential expression of proteins that regulate RNA processing/function together with increased activity of casein kinase 2. Patients with secondary AML, i.e., a heterogeneous subset with generally adverse prognosis and previous cytotoxic therapy, myeloproliferative neoplasia or myelodysplastic syndrome, were characterized by a strong antiproliferative effect of V-ATPase inhibition and also by a specific mRNA expression profile of V-ATPase interactome proteins. Furthermore, the V-ATPase inhibition altered the constitutive extracellular release of several soluble mediators (e.g., chemokines, interleukins, proteases, protease inhibitors), and increased mediator levels in the presence of AML-supporting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was then observed, especially for patients with secondary AML. Finally, animal studies suggested that the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin had limited toxicity, even when combined with cytarabine. To conclude, V-ATPase inhibition has antileukemic effects in AML, but this effect varies between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bartaula-Brevik
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Calum Leitch
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, 5015 Bergen, Norway; (C.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Elise Aasebø
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S. Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Kristin Paulsen Rye
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Marie Hagen
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, 5015 Bergen, Norway; (C.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor Henrik Anderson Tvedt
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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3
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Weichenhan D, Riedel A, Meinen C, Basic A, Toth R, Bähr M, Lutsik P, Hey J, Sollier E, Toprak UH, Kelekçi S, Lin YY, Hakobyan M, Touzart A, Goyal A, Wierzbinska JA, Schlesner M, Westermann F, Lipka DB, Plass C. Translocation t(6;7) in AML-M4 cell line GDM-1 results in MNX1 activation through enhancer-hijacking. Leukemia 2023; 37:1147-1150. [PMID: 36949154 PMCID: PMC10169647 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Riedel
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Meinen
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alisa Basic
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reka Toth
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marion Bähr
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Oncology KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joschka Hey
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Etienne Sollier
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Umut H Toprak
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simge Kelekçi
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Yu Lin
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariam Hakobyan
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section of Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurore Touzart
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ashish Goyal
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justyna A Wierzbinska
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Faculty of Applied Informatics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- Section of Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kubacz M, Kusowska A, Winiarska M, Bobrowicz M. In Vitro Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Line Models as Tools to Investigate Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010235. [PMID: 36612228 PMCID: PMC9818372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), its management constitutes an ongoing challenge. The most common DLBCL variants include activated B-cell (ABC) and germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subtypes including DLBCL with MYC and BCL2/BCL6 rearrangements which vary among each other with sensitivity to standard rituximab (RTX)-based chemoimmunotherapy regimens and lead to distinct clinical outcomes. However, as first line therapies lead to resistance/relapse (r/r) in about half of treated patients, there is an unmet clinical need to identify novel therapeutic strategies tailored for these patients. In particular, immunotherapy constitutes an attractive option largely explored in preclinical and clinical studies. Patient-derived cell lines that model primary tumor are indispensable tools that facilitate preclinical research. The current review provides an overview of available DLBCL cell line models and their utility in designing novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda Kubacz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kusowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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5
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Smith AL, Eiken AP, Skupa SA, Moore DY, Umeta LT, Smith LM, Lyden ER, D’Angelo CR, Kallam A, Vose JM, Kutateladze TG, El-Gamal D. A Novel Triple-Action Inhibitor Targeting B-Cell Receptor Signaling and BRD4 Demonstrates Preclinical Activity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6712. [PMID: 35743155 PMCID: PMC9224275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results from intrinsic genetic defects and complex microenvironment stimuli that fuel CLL cell growth through an array of survival signaling pathways. Novel small-molecule agents targeting the B-cell receptor pathway and anti-apoptotic proteins alone or in combination have revolutionized the management of CLL, yet combination therapy carries significant toxicity and CLL remains incurable due to residual disease and relapse. Single-molecule inhibitors that can target multiple disease-driving factors are thus an attractive approach to combat both drug resistance and combination-therapy-related toxicities. We demonstrate that SRX3305, a novel small-molecule BTK/PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor that targets three distinctive facets of CLL biology, attenuates CLL cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. SRX3305 also inhibits the activation-induced proliferation of primary CLL cells in vitro and effectively blocks microenvironment-mediated survival signals, including stromal cell contact. Furthermore, SRX3305 blocks CLL cell migration toward CXCL-12 and CXCL-13, which are major chemokines involved in CLL cell homing and retention in microenvironment niches. Importantly, SRX3305 maintains its anti-tumor effects in ibrutinib-resistant CLL cells. Collectively, this study establishes the preclinical efficacy of SRX3305 in CLL, providing significant rationale for its development as a therapeutic agent for CLL and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L. Smith
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Alexandria P. Eiken
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Sydney A. Skupa
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Dalia Y. Moore
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Lelisse T. Umeta
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.M.S.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Elizabeth R. Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.M.S.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Christopher R. D’Angelo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Avyakta Kallam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Dalia El-Gamal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
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Genetic characterization and drug sensitivity study of newly derived HGBL double/triple-hit lymphoma cell lines. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5067-5071. [PMID: 35687491 PMCID: PMC9631616 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Molecular Genetics of Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Sister Cell Lines during Disease Progression. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2147-2156. [PMID: 34940123 PMCID: PMC8929001 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, immortalized tumor cell lines have been used as reliable tools to understand the function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Today, we know that tumors can comprise subclones with common and with subclone-specific genetic alterations. We sequenced DNA and RNA of sequential sister cell lines obtained from patients with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia at different phases of the disease. All five pairs of cell lines carry alterations that are typical for this disease: loss of tumor suppressors (CDKN2A, CDKN2B), expression of fusion genes (ETV6-RUNX1, BCR-ABL1, MEF2D-BCL9) or of genes targeted by point mutations (KRAS A146T, NRAS G12C, PAX5 R38H). MEF2D-BCL9 and PAX R38H mutations in cell lines have hitherto been undescribed, suggesting that YCUB-4 (MEF2D-BCL9), PC-53 (PAX R38H) and their sister cell lines will be useful models to elucidate the function of these genes. All aberrations mentioned above occur in both sister cell lines, demonstrating that the sisters derive from a common ancestor. However, we also found mutations that are specific for one sister cell line only, pointing to individual subclones of the primary tumor as originating cells. Our data show that sequential sister cell lines can be used to study the clonal development of tumors and to elucidate the function of common and clone-specific mutations.
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Characterization of a novel glucocorticoid-resistant human B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, with AMPK, mTOR and fatty acid synthesis pathway inhibition. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:623. [PMID: 34823530 PMCID: PMC8614043 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acquired glucocorticoid (GC) resistance remains the main obstacle in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy. The aim of the present study was to establish a novel GC-resistant B-ALL cell line and investigate its biological characteristics. Methods A cell culture technique was used to establish the GC-resistant cell line from the parental cell, NALM-6. Molecular and cellular biological techniques including flow cytometry, MTT assay, western blotting, DNA fingerprinting analysis and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) were used to characterize the GC-resistant cell lines. Nude mice were used for xenograft studies. Results The GC-resistant cell line, NALM-6/HDR, was established by culturing NALM-6 cells under hypoxia for 5 weeks with a single dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. We subcloned the NALM-6/HDR cell lines, and got 6 monoclone Dex-resistant cell lines, NALM-6/HDR-C1, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C9 with resistance index (RI) ranging from 20,000–50,000. NALM-6/HDR and its monoclone cell line, NALM-6/HDR-C5, exhibited moderate (RI 5–15) to high resistance (RI > 20) to Ara-c; low or no cross-resistance to L-Asp, VCR, DNR, and MTX (RI < 5). STR analysis confirmed that NALM-6/HDR and NALM-6/H were all derived from NALM-6. All these cells derived from NALM-6 showed similar morphology, growth curves, immunophenotype, chromosomal karyotype and tumorigenicity. WTS analysis revealed that the main metabolic differences between NALM-6 or NALM-6/H (GC-sensitive) and NALM-6/HDR (GC-resistant) were lipid and carbohydrates metabolism. Western blotting analysis showed that NALM-6/HDR cells had a low expression of GR and p-GR. Moreover, AMPK, mTORC1, glycolysis and de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway were inhibited in NALM-6/HDR when compared with NALM-6. Conclusions NALM-6/HDR cell line may represent a subtype of B-ALL cells in patients who acquired GC and Ara-c resistance during the treatment. These patients may get little benefit from the available therapy target of AMPK, mTORC1, glycolysis and FAS pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02335-7.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia: New Perspectives for Preclinical Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092335. [PMID: 34571984 PMCID: PMC8465353 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a malignant myeloproliferative disorder arising in infants and young children. The origin of this neoplasm is attributed to an early deregulation of the Ras signaling pathway in multipotent hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Since JMML is notoriously refractory to conventional cytostatic therapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the mainstay of curative therapy for most cases. However, alternative therapeutic approaches with small epigenetic molecules have recently entered the stage and show surprising efficacy at least in specific subsets of patients. Hence, the establishment of preclinical models to test novel agents is a priority. Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) offer an opportunity to imitate JMML ex vivo, after attempts to generate immortalized cell lines from primary JMML material have largely failed in the past. Several research groups have previously generated patient-derived JMML IPSCs and successfully differentiated these into myeloid cells with extensive phenotypic similarities to primary JMML cells. With infinite self-renewal and the capability to differentiate into multiple cell types, JMML IPSCs are a promising resource to advance the development of treatment modalities targeting specific vulnerabilities. This review discusses current reprogramming techniques for JMML stem/progenitor cells, related clinical applications, and the challenges involved.
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Drexler HG, Nagel S, Quentmeier H. Leukemia Cell Lines: In Vitro Models for the Study of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1790-1794. [PMID: 34068566 PMCID: PMC8161829 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm that is genetically characterized by the absence of both the Philadelphia chromosome and BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and the high prevalence of mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R). Additional disease-modifying mutations have been recognized in CNL samples, portraying a distinct mutational landscape. Despite the growing knowledge base on genomic aberrations, further progress could be gained from the availability of representative models of CNL. To address this gap, we screened a large panel of available leukemia cell lines, followed by a detailed mutational investigation with focus on the CNL-associated candidate driver genes. The sister cell lines CNLBC-1 and MOLM-20 were derived from a patient with CNL and carry CNL-typical molecular hallmarks, namely mutations in several genes, such as CSF3R, ASXL1, EZH2, NRAS, and SETBP1. The use of these validated and comprehensively characterized models will benefit the understanding of the pathobiology of CNL and help inform therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans G. Drexler
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.); (H.Q.)
| | - Hilmar Quentmeier
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.); (H.Q.)
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