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Zhu W, Zhang Y, Luo X, Peng J. Role of copper and its complexes in cardiovascular diseases. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1731-1738. [PMID: 38432864 PMCID: PMC10929953 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Copper is a trace element essential for the maintenance of normal physiological functions in cardiovascular system, and its transport and metabolisms are regulated by various copper proteins such as copper-based enzymes, copper chaperones and copper transporters. The disturbance of copper level or abnormal expression of copper proteins are closely associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure. Thus, intervention of copper ion signaling pathways is expected to be an effective measure for treating cardiovascular diseases. Some copper complexes, such as trientine, copper-aspirinate complex and copper (II) diethyldithiocarbamate, have been found to play a role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and possess potential prospects. Exploring the role of copper in maintaining normal cardiovascular status and the potential application of copper complexes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases may lay a foundation for finding new targets for prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, and provide new ideas for clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078.
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078
| | - Xiuju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078.
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Hara T, Konishi T, Yasuike S, Fujiwara Y, Yamamoto C, Kaji T. Sb-Phenyl- N-methyl-5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenz[ c,f][1,5]azastibocine Induces Perlecan Core Protein Synthesis in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3656. [PMID: 36835071 PMCID: PMC9959368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells synthesize and secrete perlecan, a large heparan sulfate proteoglycan that increases the anticoagulant activity of vascular endothelium by inducing antithrombin III and intensifying fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 activity to promote migration and proliferation in the repair process of damaged endothelium during the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the exact regulatory mechanisms of endothelial perlecan expression remain unclear. Since organic-inorganic hybrid molecules are being developed rapidly as tools to analyze biological systems, we searched for a molecular probe to analyze these mechanisms using a library of organoantimony compounds and found that the Sb-phenyl-N-methyl-5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f][1,5]azastibocine (PMTAS) molecule promotes the expression of perlecan core protein gene without exhibiting cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells. In the present study, we characterized proteoglycans synthesized by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells using biochemical techniques. The results indicated that PMTAS selectively induced perlecan core protein synthesis, without affecting the formation of its heparan sulfate chain, in vascular endothelial cells. The results also implied that this process is independent of the endothelial cell density, whereas in vascular smooth muscle cells, it occurred only at high cell density. Thus, PMTAS would be a useful tool for further studies on the mechanisms underlying perlecan core protein synthesis in vascular cells, which is critical in the progression of vascular lesions, such as those during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Konishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Shuji Yasuike
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chba 278-8510, Japan
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Sacco A, Martelli F, Pal A, Saraceno C, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Rongioletti M, Squitti R. Regulatory miRNAs in Cardiovascular and Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Copper. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3327. [PMID: 35328747 PMCID: PMC8948703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), are key regulators of differentiation and development. In the cell, transcription factors regulate the production of miRNA in response to different external stimuli. Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal and an essential micronutrient with widespread industrial applications. It is involved in a number of vital biological processes encompassing respiration, blood cell line maturation, and immune responses. In recent years, the link between deregulation of miRNAs' functionality and the development of various pathologies as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively studied. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly with a complex disease etiology, and its link with Cu abnormalities is being increasingly studied. A direct interaction between COMMD1, a regulator of the Cu pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) HIF-1a does exist in ischemic injury, but little information has been collected on the role of Cu in hypoxia associated with AD thus far. The current review deals with this matter in an attempt to structurally discuss the link between miRNA expression and Cu dysregulation in AD and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Kalyani 741245, India;
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
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Fujie T, Ito K, Ozaki Y, Takahashi S, Yamamoto C, Kaji T. Induction of ZIP8, a ZIP transporter, via NF-κB signaling by the activation of IκBα and JNK signaling in cultured vascular endothelial cells exposed to cadmium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115802. [PMID: 34822840 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant that adversely affects various organs in the human body and is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. These disorders are caused by the dysfunction of the vascular endothelial cells that cover the luminal surface of blood vessels. The ZIP transporter ZIP8 is one of the primary importers of cadmium, and its expression appears to be important for the sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells to cadmium. In the present study, we investigated the influence of ZIP8 on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells, the induction of ZIP8 expression by cadmium, and its action mechanism in vascular endothelial cells. The study revealed that: (1) cadmium cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells was potentiated by the overexpression of ZIP8, and the intracellular accumulation of cadmium in the cells was increased; (2) cadmium highly induced the expression of ZIP8, but not other ZIPs; (3) lead and methylmercury moderately induced ZIP8 expression, but the other tested metals did not; (4) the induction of ZIP8 expression by cadmium was mediated by both NF-κB and JNK signaling, and the accumulation of NF-κB in the nucleus was regulated by JNK signaling. Particularly, it was found that cadmium activated NF-κB to transfer it into nuclei and activated JNK to stabilize NF-κB in nuclei, resulting in the induction of ZIP8 expression. This induction appears to be crucial for cadmium cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Fujie
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozaki
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Suzuka Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
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Synthesis of Reactive Sulfur Species in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells after Exposure to TGF-β 1: Induction of Cystathionine γ-Lyase and Cystathionine β-Synthase Expression Mediated by the ALK5-Smad2/3/4 and ALK5-Smad2/3-ATF4 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111762. [PMID: 34769192 PMCID: PMC8583730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) occurs at high levels at damage sites of vascular endothelial cell layers and regulates the functions of vascular endothelial cells. Reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as cysteine persulfide, glutathione persulfide, and hydrogen persulfide, are cytoprotective factors against electrophiles such as reactive oxygen species and heavy metals. Previously, we reported that sodium trisulfide, a sulfane sulfur donor, promotes vascular endothelial cell proliferation. The objective of the present study was to clarify the regulation and significance of RSS synthesis in vascular endothelial cells after exposure to TGF-β1. Bovine aortic endothelial cells in a culture system were treated with TGF-β1 to assess the expression of intracellular RSS, the effect of RSS on cell proliferation in the presence of TGF-β1, induction of RSS-producing enzymes by TGF-β1, and intracellular signal pathways that mediate this induction. The results suggest that TGF-β1 increased intracellular RSS levels to modulate its inhibitory effect on proliferation. The increased production of RSS, probably high-molecular-mass RSS, was due to the induction of cystathionine γ-lyase and cystathionine β-synthase, which are RSS-producing enzymes, and the induction was mediated by the ALK5-Smad2/3/4 and ALK5-Smad2/3-ATF4 pathways in vascular endothelial cells. TGF-β1 regulates vascular endothelial cell functions such as proliferation and fibrinolytic activity; intracellular high-molecular-mass RSS, which are increased by TGF-β1, may modulate the regulation activity in vascular endothelial cells.
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Takahashi M, Iwai R, Takasawa R, Nakano T, Fujie T, Hara T, Hara Y, Yamamoto C, Kaji T. Sodium trisulfide, a sulfane sulfur donor, stimulates bovine aortic endothelial cell proliferation in culture. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:341-344. [PMID: 34193771 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) include biological persulfide molecules that protect cells against oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity. Vascular endothelial cells regulate blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity, and prevent vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that RSS protect vascular endothelial cells not only from nonspecific cell damage but also from specific functional damage through regulation of specific cell functions. In the present study, cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were treated with sodium trisulfide, a sulfane sulfur donor, and both [3H]thymidine incorporation and effects on cell cycle were analyzed. These results suggest that RSS stimulate vascular endothelial cell proliferation. RSS may reduce the functional cytotoxicity of antiproliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruri Iwai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ryoko Takasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tomoya Fujie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Takato Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yasushi Hara
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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