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Wang C, Wang J, Guan W, Fei B. Impact the impact of gut microbiota on gastric cancer via immune cells: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:389. [PMID: 39215888 PMCID: PMC11365895 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent observational studies have highlighted the role of altered gut microbiota (GM) in the activation of the host immune system and the resulting of gastric cancer (GC). However, the exact causal relationship and mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic data from published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were employed to determine the causal effects of 207 taxa and 205 bacterial pathways on GC via two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and two-step mediation MR analysis. In this study, 731 immune cell traits served as potential mediators. An inverse variance-weighted (IVW) estimation, augmented by a range of alternative estimators, notably the Bayesian-weighted MR method, was employed as the primary methodological approach. RESULTS Four taxa and five bacterial pathways were found to be negatively correlated with GC, whereas one taxon and two bacterial pathways were a positively correlated with GC. Reverse causality was not found in the reverse MR analysis. Additional validation was performed using a sensitivity analysis. Mediation MR analyses revealed that the GM influences GC through various phenotypes of 16 immune cells that act as mediators. For example, s_Alistipes_sp_AP11 was found to inhibit GC through NKT %T cell (total effect: -0.3234, mediation effect: 0.0212). This mediating effect further highlights the complex relationship among GMs, immune cell traits, and their combined effects on GC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the genetic connection between specific GMs and GC, emphasizing the potential role of immune cells as mediators, and offering valuable perspectives on potential therapeutic strategies that manipulating the GM to address GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang B, Luan J, Zhao W, Yu J, Li A, Li X, Zhong X, Cao H, Wang R, Liu B, Lu S, Shi M. Comprehensive multiomics analysis of the signatures of gastric mucosal bacteria and plasma metabolites across different stomach microhabitats in the development of gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00965-3. [PMID: 38963518 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As an important component of the microenvironment, the gastric microbiota and its metabolites are associated with tumour occurrence, progression, and metastasis. However, the relationship between the gastric microbiota and the development of gastric cancer is unclear. The present study investigated the role of the gastric mucosa microbiome and metabolites as aetiological factors in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS Gastric biopsies from different stomach microhabitats (n = 70) were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and blood samples (n = 95) were subjected to untargeted metabolome (gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry, GC‒MS) analyses. The datasets were analysed using various bioinformatics approaches. RESULTS The microbiota diversity and community composition markedly changed during gastric carcinogenesis. High Helicobacter. pylori colonization modified the overall diversity and composition of the microbiota associated with gastritis and cancer in the stomach. Most importantly, analysis of the functional features of the microbiota revealed that nitrate reductase genes were significantly enriched in the tumoral microbiota, while urease-producing genes were significantly enriched in the microbiota of H. pylori-positive patients. A panel of 81 metabolites was constructed to discriminate gastric cancer patients from gastritis patients, and a panel of 15 metabolites was constructed to discriminate H. pylori-positive patients from H. pylori-negative patients. receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified a series of gastric microbes and plasma metabolites as potential biomarkers of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION The present study identified a series of signatures that may play important roles in gastric carcinogenesis and have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and for the surveillance of gastric cancer patients with minimal invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Jiahui Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology, Zibo City Engineering Technology Research Center of Etiology Molecular Diagnosis, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
- Department of gastroenterology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Junbao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Anqing Li
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
- Department of gastroenterology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
- Department of gastroenterology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhong
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
- Department of gastroenterology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Hongyun Cao
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology, Zibo City Engineering Technology Research Center of Etiology Molecular Diagnosis, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Ruicai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology, Zibo City Engineering Technology Research Center of Etiology Molecular Diagnosis, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, 255400, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shiyong Lu
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China
| | - Mei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Shandong University-Zibo Municipal Hospital Research Center of Human Microbiome and Health, Zibo, 255400, China.
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3
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Mai Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhang H. Citraconate promotes the malignant progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2790-2804. [PMID: 39005662 PMCID: PMC11236773 DOI: 10.62347/lwrs3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a principal factor in the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have found microbial metabolites regulate colorectal cancer metastasis. By analyzing metabolomics data, we identified an essential fecal metabolite citraconate that potentially promotes colorectal cancer metastasis. Next, we tried to reveal its effect on colorectal cancer and the underlying mechanism. Firstly, the response of colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 and MC38 cells) to citraconate was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, clonogenic assay, transwell migration and invasion assay. Moreover, we utilized an intra-splenic injection model to evaluate the effect of citraconate on colorectal cancer liver metastasis in vivo. Then molecular approaches were employed, including RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, cell ferrous iron colorimetric assay and intracellular malondialdehyde measurement. In vitro, citraconate promotes the growth of colorectal cancer cells. In vivo, citraconate aggravated liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Mechanistically, downstream genes of NRF2, NQO1, GCLC, and GCLM high expression induced by citraconate resulted in resistance to ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells. In summary, citraconate promotes the malignant progression of colorectal cancer through NRF2-mediated ferroptosis resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, our study indicates that fecal metabolite may be crucial in colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjiong Mai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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4
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Raoul P, De Gaetano V, Sciaraffia G, Ormea G, Cintoni M, Pozzo C, Strippoli A, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC, Rinninella E. Gastric Cancer, Immunotherapy, and Nutrition: The Role of Microbiota. Pathogens 2024; 13:357. [PMID: 38787209 PMCID: PMC11124250 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), which still represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. However, ICI treatment outcomes vary between individuals and need to be optimized. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota could represent a key influencer of immunotherapy responses. At the same time, the nutritional status and diet of GC patients are also predictive of immunotherapy treatment response and survival outcomes. The objective of this narrative review is to gather recent findings about the complex relationships between the oral, gastric, and gut bacterial communities, dietary factors/nutritional parameters, and immunotherapy responses. Perigastric/gut microbiota compositions/functions and their metabolites could be predictive of response to immunotherapy in GC patients and even overall survival. At the same time, the strong influence of diet on the composition of the microbiota could have consequences on immunotherapy responses through the impact of muscle mass in GC patients during immunotherapy. Future studies are needed to define more precisely the dietary factors, such as adequate daily intake of prebiotics, that could counteract the dysbiosis of the GC microbiota and the impaired nutritional status, improving the clinical outcomes of GC patients during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Raoul
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Valeria De Gaetano
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianmario Sciaraffia
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Ginevra Ormea
- Degree Course in Pharmacy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Pozzo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonia Strippoli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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5
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Liu Z, Zhang D, Chen S. Unveiling the gastric microbiota: implications for gastric carcinogenesis, immune responses, and clinical prospects. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:118. [PMID: 38641815 PMCID: PMC11027554 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has ushered in a paradigm shift in gastric microbiota, breaking the stereotype that the stomach is hostile to microorganisms beyond H. pylori. Recent attention directed toward the composition and functionality of this 'community' has shed light on its potential relevance in cancer. The microbial composition in the stomach of health displays host specificity which changes throughout a person's lifespan and is subject to both external and internal factors. Distinctive alterations in gastric microbiome signature are discernible at different stages of gastric precancerous lesions and malignancy. The robust microbes that dominate in gastric malignant tissue are intricately implicated in gastric cancer susceptibility, carcinogenesis, and the modulation of immunosurveillance and immune escape. These revelations offer fresh avenues for utilizing gastric microbiota as predictive biomarkers in clinical settings. Furthermore, inter-individual microbiota variations partially account for differential responses to cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize current literature on the influence of the gastric microbiota on gastric carcinogenesis, anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy, providing insights into potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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6
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Ke Y, Tan C, Zhen J, Dong W. Global status and trends of gastric cancer and gastric microbiota research: a bibliometric analysis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341012. [PMID: 38655079 PMCID: PMC11037409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have cast light on the relationship between the gastric microbiota and gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature in the field of gastric cancer and the gastric microbiota and clarified its research status, hotspots, and development trends. Materials and methods Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on 18 July 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R4, VOSviewer 1.6.19.0, and Biblioshiny were used for the co-occurrence and cooperation analyses of countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords. A keyword cluster analysis and an emergence analysis were performed, and relevant knowledge maps were drawn. Results The number of published papers in this field totaled 215 and showed an increasing trend. The analysis of funding suggested that the input in this field is increasing steadily. China had the highest number of publications, while the United States had the highest betweenness centrality. Baylor College of Medicine published the most articles cumulatively. Both Ferreira RM and Cooker OO had the highest citation frequency. The journal Helicobacter showed the most interest in this field, while Gut provided a substantial research foundation. A total of 280 keywords were obtained using CiteSpace, which were primarily focused on the eradication and pathogenic mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori, as well as the application of the gastric microbiota in the evaluation and treatment of gastric cancer. The burst analysis suggested that in the future, research may focus on the application of gastric microorganisms, particularly Fusobacterium nucleatum, in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, along with their pathogenic mechanisms. Conclusion Current studies have been tracking the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and its pathogenic mechanisms, as well as changes in the gastric microbiota during gastric carcinogenesis. Future research may focus on the clinical application and pathogenesis of stomach microorganisms through bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junhai Zhen
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Groen-van Schooten TS, Harrasser M, Seidel J, Bos EN, Fleitas T, van Mourik M, Pouw RE, Goedegebuure RSA, Doeve BH, Sanders J, Bos J, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Thijssen VLJL, van Grieken NCT, van Laarhoven HWM, de Gruijl TD, Derks S. Phenotypic immune characterization of gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas reveals profound immune suppression in esophageal tumor locations. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372272. [PMID: 38638445 PMCID: PMC11024289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors in the distal esophagus (EAC), gastro-esophageal junction including cardia (GEJAC), and stomach (GAC) develop in close proximity and show strong similarities on a molecular and cellular level. However, recent clinical data showed that the effectiveness of chemo-immunotherapy is limited to a subset of GEAC patients and that EACs and GEJACs generally benefit less from checkpoint inhibition compared to GACs. As the composition of the tumor immune microenvironment drives response to (immuno)therapy we here performed a detailed immune analysis of a large series of GEACs to facilitate the development of a more individualized immunomodulatory strategy. Methods Extensive immunophenotyping was performed by 14-color flow cytometry in a prospective study to detail the immune composition of untreated gastro-esophageal cancers (n=104) using fresh tumor biopsies of 35 EACs, 38 GEJACs and 31 GACs. The immune cell composition of GEACs was characterized and correlated with clinicopathologic features such as tumor location, MSI and HER2 status. The spatial immune architecture of a subset of tumors (n=30) was evaluated using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) which allowed us to determine the tumor infiltration status of CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+, CD163+ and Ki67+ cells. Results Immunophenotyping revealed that the tumor immune microenvironment of GEACs is heterogeneous and that immune suppressive cell populations such as monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) are more abundant in EACs compared to GACs (p<0.001). In contrast, GACs indicated a proinflammatory microenvironment with elevated frequencies of proliferating (Ki67+) CD4 Th cells (p<0.001), Ki67+ CD8 T cells (p=0.002), and CD8 effector memory-T cells (p=0.024). Differences between EACs and GACs were confirmed by mIHC analyses showing lower densities of tumor- and stroma-infiltrating Ki67+ CD8 T cells in EAC compared to GAC (both p=0.021). Discussions This comprehensive immune phenotype study of a large series of untreated GEACs, identified that tumors with an esophageal tumor location have more immune suppressive features compared to tumors in the gastro-esophageal junction or stomach which might explain the location-specific responses to checkpoint inhibitors in this disease. These findings provide an important rationale for stratification according to tumor location in clinical studies and the development of location-dependent immunomodulatory treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa S. Groen-van Schooten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Micaela Harrasser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jens Seidel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emma N. Bos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tania Fleitas
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA (INCLIVA), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monique van Mourik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roos E. Pouw
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruben S. A. Goedegebuure
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benthe H. Doeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Sanders
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joris Bos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor L. J. L. Thijssen
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. T. van Grieken
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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8
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Chang Y, Gao G, Feng C. Association between gut microbiota and gastric cancers: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383530. [PMID: 38628871 PMCID: PMC11018925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with its etiology attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, dietary, environmental factors, and infections such as Helicobacter pylori. Despite the known risk factors, the role of gut microbiota in the development of gastric cancer remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastric cancer using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach. Methods Utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the MiBioGen consortium and gastric cancer datasets, we selected instrumental variables for MR analysis based on their association with specific microbiota. We employed several MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and others, to estimate the causal effects of gut microbiota diversity on the risk of developing gastric cancer. Results Our analysis identified significant associations between certain gut microbiota and gastric cancer risk. Specifically, taxa such as Clostridium sensustricto1 (OR = 0.540, 95%CI: 0.354-0.823, p = 0.004), Actinomycetales (OR = 0.756, 95%CI: 0.613-0.932, p = 0.009), Selenomonadales (OR = 0.816, 95%CI: 0.666-1.000, p < 0.05), Negativicutes (OR = 0.816, 95%CI: 0.666-1.000, p < 0.05), Rikenellaceae (OR = 0.863, 95%CI: 0.746-0.999, p = 0.048) were found to have a protective effect against gastric cancer. Conversely, an increased risk of gastric cancer was associated with the abundance of Roseburia (OR = 1.342, 95%CI: 1.071-1.681, p = 0.011), Family XI (OR = 1.132, 95%CI: 1.012-1.267, p = 0.030), and Eubacterium brachy group (OR = 1.207, 95%CI: 1.074-1.355, p = 0.002). The findings were robust across various MR methods and were not driven by any single SNP, indicating a genuine causal relationship. Conclusion Our studies have shown that there is a causal relationship between intestinal flora and gastric cancer at the genetic level. Clostridium sensustricto1, Actinomycetales, Rikenellaceae, Selenomonadales, Negativicutes, and Actinomycetaceae as having a protective role against GC, while Roseburia, Family XI, and Eubacterium brachy group were associated with an increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanzhuang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cuncheng Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Liu L, Wang L, Liu L, Qu X, Zhao W, Ding J, Zhao S, Xu B, Yu H, Liu B, Chai J. Acyltransferase zinc finger DHHC-type containing 2 aggravates gastric carcinoma growth by targeting Nrf2 signaling: A mechanism-based multicombination bionic nano-drug therapy. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103051. [PMID: 38301594 PMCID: PMC10844977 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The significant regulatory role of palmitoylation modification in cancer-related targets has been demonstrated previously. However, the biological functions of Nrf2 in stomach cancer and whether the presence of Nrf2 palmitoylation affects gastric cancer (GC) progression and its treatment have not been reported. Several public datasets were used to look into the possible link between the amount of palmitoylated Nrf2 and the progression and its outcome of GC in patients. The palmitoylated Nrf2 levels in tumoral and peritumoral tissues from GC patients were also evaluated. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function via transgenic experiments were performed to study the effects of palmitoylated Nrf2 on carcinogenesis and the pharmacological function of 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) on the suppression of GC progression in vitro and in vitro. We discovered that Nrf2 was palmitoylated in the cytoplasmic domain, and this lipid posttranslational modification causes Nrf2 stabilization by inhibiting ubiquitination, delaying Nrf2 destruction via the proteasome and boosting nuclear translocation. Importantly, we also identify palmitoyltransferase zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 2 (DHHC2) as the primary acetyltransferase required for the palmitoylated Nrf2 and indicate that the suppression of Nrf2 palmitoylation via 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP), or the knockdown of DHHC2, promotes anti-cancer immunity in vitro and in mice model-bearing xenografts. Of note, based on the antineoplastic mechanism of 2-BP, a novel anti-tumor drug delivery system ground 2-BP and oxaliplatin (OXA) dual-loading gold nanorods (GNRs) with tumor cell membrane coating biomimetic nanoparticles (CM@GNRs-BO) was established. In situ photothermal therapy is done using near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation to help release high-temperature-triggered drugs from the CM@GNRs-BO reservoir when needed. This is done to achieve photothermal/chemical synergistic therapy. Our findings show the influence and linkage of palmitoylated Nrf2 with tumoral and peritumoral tissues in GC patients, the underlying mechanism of palmitoylated Nrf2 in GC progression, and novel possible techniques for addressing Nrf2-associated immune evasion in cancer growth. Furthermore, the bionic nanomedicine developed by us has the characteristics of dual drugs delivery, homologous tumor targeting, and photothermal and chemical synergistic therapy, and is expected to become a potential platform for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luguang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Longgang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Liqing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Xianlin Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Weizhu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong University, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China; Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Jishuang Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Botao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 270000, Shandong, China.
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10
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Lei C, Xu Y, Zhang S, Huang C, Qin J. The role of microbiota in gastric cancer: A comprehensive review. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13071. [PMID: 38643366 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) continues to pose a significant global threat in terms of cancer-related fatalities. Despite notable advancements in medical research and therapies, further investigation is warranted to elucidate its underlying etiology and risk factors. Recent times have witnessed an escalated emphasis on comprehending the role of the microbiota in cancer development. METHODS This review briefly delves into recent developments in microbiome-related research pertaining to gastric cancer. RESULTS According to studies, the microbiota can influence GC growth by inciting inflammation, disrupting immunological processes, and generating harmful microbial metabolites. Furthermore, there is ongoing research into how the microbiome can impact a patient's response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. CONCLUSION The utilization of the microbiome for detecting, preventing, and managing stomach cancer remains an active area of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Lv Y, Tian W, Teng Y, Wang P, Zhao Y, Li Z, Tang S, Chen W, Xie R, Lü M, Zhuang Y. Tumor-infiltrating mast cells stimulate ICOS + regulatory T cells through an IL-33 and IL-2 axis to promote gastric cancer progression. J Adv Res 2024; 57:149-162. [PMID: 37086778 PMCID: PMC10918354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In solid tumors, regulatory T cell (Treg) and mast cell perform different roles depending on the microenvironment. Nevertheless, mast cell and Treg-mediated interactions in gastric cancer (GC) are unclear, as are their regulation, function, and clinical significance. OBJECTIVE The present study demonstrated the mechanism of tumor-infiltrating mast cells stimulating ICOS+ regulatory T cells via the IL-33/IL-2 axis to promote the growth of gastric cancer. METHODS Analyses of 98 patients with GC were conducted to examine mast cell counts, ICOS+ Tregs, and the levels of IL-33 or IL-2. Isolated ICOS+ Treg and CD8+ T cell were stimulated, cultured and tested for their functional abilities in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS GC patients exhibited a significantly more production of IL-33 in tumors. Mast cell stimulated by tumor-derived IL-33 exhibited a prolonged lifespan through IL-33 mediated inhibition of apoptosis. Moreover, mast cells stimulated by tumor-derived IL-33 secreted IL-2, which induced Treg expansion. These inducible Tregs displayed an activated immunosuppressive phenotype with positive expression for the inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS). In vitro, IL-2 from IL to 33-stimulated mast cells induced increased numbers of ICOS+ Tregs with increased immunosuppressive activity against proliferation and effector function of CD8+ T cell. In vivo, ICOS+ Tregs were treated with anti-IL-2 neutralizing antibody followed by co-injection with CD8+ T cells in GC mouse model, which showed an increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and effector molecules production, meanwhile tumor growth and progression were inhibited. Besides, reduction in GC patient survival was associated with tumor-derived ICOS+ Tregs. CONCLUSION Our results highlight a crosstalk between GC-infiltrating mast cells and ICOS+ Tregs and provide a novel mechanism describing ICOS+ Treg expansion and induction by an IL-33/mast cell/IL-2 signaling axis in GC, and also provide functional evidence that the modulation of this immunosuppressive pathway can attenuate GC-mediated immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipin Lv
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wenqing Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongsheng Teng
- The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Wang
- The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Centre of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Department of General Surgery and Centre of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanhong Tang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rui Xie
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Zhang S, Liu S, Yue C, Liu Y, Zheng G, Zhang Y. Identification of necroptosis-associated miRNA signature for predicting prognosis and immune landscape in stomach adenocarcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113948. [PMID: 38307189 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify the potential necroptosis related genes (NRGs)-associated miRNAs signature and explore the impact on the prognosis of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). METHODS Employing rigorous methodologies, we utilized univariate Cox, Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses to develop a prognostic signature. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and ROC curves were applied to assess the prognostic value of signature in a training group and an independent test group. Furthermore, we conducted Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for enrichment of tumor-related pathways. The risk score was calculated for each patient based on the expression of miRNAs which were enrolled in the signature. Patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups. The immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy were compared between the two groups. Finally, the diagnostic potential of the miRNA was explored by RT-qPCR. RESULTS We constructed a prognostic model based on 6 NRGs-associated miRNAs. K-M plots underscored superior survival outcomes in the low-risk group. GSEA results revealed the enrichment of several tumor-related pathways in the high-risk group. Notably, CD8+ T cells, Tregs and activated memory CD4+ T cells exhibited negative correlations with the risk score. Additionally, a few immune checkpoint genes, such as CTLA4, PD1 and PD-L1, were significantly upregulated in the low-risk group. Furthermore, the serum expression levels of all these 6 miRNAs were significantly elevated in STAD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a robust risk score derived from a signature of 6 NRGs-associated miRNAs, demonstrating high efficacy for prognosis of STAD. These results not only contributed to our understanding of STAD pathogenesis, but also held promise for potential clinical applications, particularly in the realm of personalized immunotherapy for STAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoucai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, China
| | - Shichao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Congbo Yue
- Clinical Laboratory of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, China
| | - Guixi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, China.
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13
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Tchilikidi KY. Actuality and underlying mechanisms of systemic immune-inflammation index and geriatric nutritional risk index prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:260-265. [PMID: 38463345 PMCID: PMC10921210 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial contains comments on the article "Correlation between preoperative systemic immune inflammation index, nutritional risk index, and prognosis of radical resection of liver cancer" in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. It pointed out the actuality and importance of the article and focused primarily on the underlying mechanisms making the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) prediction features valuable. There are few publications on both SII and GNRI together in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and patient prognosis after radical surgery. Neutrophils release cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes, degrade extracellular matrix, reduce cell adhesion, and create conditions for tumor cell invasion. Neutrophils promote the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells, through physical anchoring. That results in the migration of tumor cells. Pro-angiogenic factors from platelets enhance tumor angiogenesis to meet tumor cell supply needs. Platelets can form a protective film on the surface of tumor cells. This allows avoiding blood flow damage as well as immune system attack. It also induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of tumor cells that is critical for invasiveness. High SII is also associated with macro- and microvascular invasion and increased numbers of circulating tumor cells. A high GNRI was associated with significantly better progression-free and overall survival. HCC patients are a very special population that requires increased attention. SII and GNRI have significant survival prediction value in both palliative treatment and radical surgery settings. The underlying mechanisms of their possible predictive properties lie in the field of essential cancer features. Those features provide tumor nutrition, growth, and distribution throughout the body, such as vascular invasion. On the other hand, they are tied to the possibility of patients to resist tumor progression and development of complications in both postoperative and cancer-related settings. The article is of considerable interest. It would be helpful to continue the study follow-up to 2 years and longer. External validation of the data is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Y Tchilikidi
- Department of Surgery with Postgraduate Education, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul 656031, Russia
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14
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Yarahmadi A, Afkhami H. The role of microbiomes in gastrointestinal cancers: new insights. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1344328. [PMID: 38361500 PMCID: PMC10867565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1344328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute more than 33% of new cancer cases worldwide and pose a considerable burden on public health. There exists a growing body of evidence that has systematically recorded an upward trajectory in GI malignancies within the last 5 to 10 years, thus presenting a formidable menace to the health of the human population. The perturbations in GI microbiota may have a noteworthy influence on the advancement of GI cancers; however, the precise mechanisms behind this association are still not comprehensively understood. Some bacteria have been observed to support cancer development, while others seem to provide a safeguard against it. Recent studies have indicated that alterations in the composition and abundance of microbiomes could be associated with the progression of various GI cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, hepatic, and esophageal cancers. Within this comprehensive analysis, we examine the significance of microbiomes, particularly those located in the intestines, in GI cancers. Furthermore, we explore the impact of microbiomes on various treatment modalities for GI cancer, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Additionally, we delve into the intricate mechanisms through which intestinal microbes influence the efficacy of GI cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Li J, Shi HY, Zhou M. Correlation between preoperative systemic immune inflammation index, nutritional risk index, and prognosis of radical resection of liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2445-2455. [PMID: 38111765 PMCID: PMC10725553 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i11.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radical surgery is the most commonly used treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the surgical effect remains not ideal, and prognostic evaluation is insufficient. Furthermore, clinical intervention is rife with uncertainty and not conducive to prolonging patient survival. AIM To explore correlations between the systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and HCC operation prognosis. METHODS This retrospective study included and collected follow up data from 100 HCC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the correlation between SII and GNRI scores and survival. SII and GNRI were calculated as follows: SII = neutrophil count × platelet count/lymphocyte count; GNRI = [1.489 × albumin (g/L) + 41.7 × actual weight/ideal weight]. We analyzed the predictive efficacy of the SII and GNRI in HCC patients using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the relationships between the SII, GNRI, and survival rate using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Cox regression analysis was utilized to analyze independent risk factors influencing prognosis. RESULTS After 1 year of follow-up, 24 patients died and 76 survived. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and the optimal cutoff value of SII were 0.728 (95% confidence interval: 0.600-0.856), 79.2%, 63.2%, and 309.14, respectively. According to ROC curve analysis results for predicting postoperative death in HCC patients, the AUC of SII and GNRI combination was higher than that of SII or GNRI alone, and SII was higher than that of GNRI (P < 0.05). The proportion of advanced differentiated tumors, tumor maximum diameter (5-10 cm, > 10 cm), lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage III-IV in patients with SII > 309.14 was higher than that in patients with SII ≤ 309.14 (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients aged > 70 years was higher in patients with GNRI ≤ 98 than that in patients with GNRI > 98 (P < 0.05). The 1-year survival rate of the SII > 309.14 group (compared with the SII ≤ 309.14 group) and GNRI ≤ 98 group (compared with the GNRI > 98 group) was lower (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prognosis after radical resection of HCC is related to the SII and GNRI and poor in high SII or low GNRI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shi
- Department of Radiology, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Zhang S, Shen Y, Liu H, Zhu D, Fang J, Pan H, Liu W. Inflammatory microenvironment in gastric premalignant lesions: implication and application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297101. [PMID: 38035066 PMCID: PMC10684945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) are a major health concern worldwide due to their potential to progress to gastric cancer (GC). Understanding the mechanism underlying the transformation from GPL to GC can provide a fresh insight for the early detection of GC. Although chronic inflammation is prevalent in the GPL, how the inflammatory microenvironment monitored the progression of GPL-to-GC are still elusive. Inflammation has been recognized as a key player in the progression of GPL. This review aims to provide an overview of the inflammatory microenvironment in GPL and its implications for disease progression and potential therapeutic applications. We discuss the involvement of inflammation in the progression of GPL, highlighting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a mediator for inflammatory microenvironment and a key driver to GC progression. We explore the role of immune cells in mediating the progression of GPL, and focus on the regulation of inflammatory molecules in this disease. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of targeting inflammatory pathways for GPL. There are currently no specific drugs for GPL treatment, but traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and natural antioxidants, known as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, exhibit promising effects in suppressing or reversing the progression of GPL. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the field are proposed. Overall, this review highlights the central role of the inflammatory microenvironment in the progression of GPL, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiong Zhang
- Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, GuangZhou Tianhe District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Chattopadhyay I, Gundamaraju R, Rajeev A. Diversification and deleterious role of microbiome in gastric cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1878. [PMID: 37530125 PMCID: PMC10644335 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dictates the fate of several diseases, including cancer. Most gastric cancers (GC) belong to gastric adenocarcinomas (GAC). Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric epithelium and is the causative agent of 75% of all stomach malignancies globally. This bacterium has several virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), and outer membrane proteins (OMPs), all of which have been linked to the development of gastric cancer. In addition, bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Haemophilus, Veillonella, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus play an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Besides, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus were found in greater abundance in GAC patients. To identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for GC, it is essential to understand the mechanistic role of H. pylori and other bacteria that contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. Furthermore, understanding bacteria-host interactions and bacteria-induced inflammatory pathways in the host is critical for developing treatment targets for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER stress and Mucosal Immunology TeamSchool of Health Sciences, University of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Ashwin Rajeev
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of Tamil NaduThiruvarurIndia
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18
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Dadgar N, Edlukudige Keshava V, Raj MS, Wagner PL. The Influence of the Microbiome on Immunotherapy for Gastroesophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4426. [PMID: 37760397 PMCID: PMC10526145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown promise as a treatment option for gastroesophageal cancer, but its effectiveness is limited in many patients due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) commonly found in gastrointestinal tumors. This paper explores the impact of the microbiome on the TME and immunotherapy outcomes in gastroesophageal cancer. The microbiome, comprising microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract, as well as within malignant tissue, plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses and tumor development. Dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity are associated with poor response rates and treatment resistance, while specific microbial profiles correlate with improved outcomes. Understanding the complex interactions between the microbiome, tumor biology, and immunotherapy is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Microbiome-based biomarkers may enable personalized treatment approaches and prediction of patient response. Interventions targeting the microbiome, such as microbiota-based therapeutics and dietary modifications, offer the potential for reshaping the gut microbiota and creating a favorable TME that enhances immunotherapy efficacy. Further research is needed to reveal the underlying mechanisms, and large-scale clinical trials will be required to validate the efficacy of microbiome-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Dadgar
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | | | - Moses S. Raj
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; (V.E.K.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Patrick L. Wagner
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; (V.E.K.); (M.S.R.)
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Noncoding RNAs as regulators of STAT3 pathway in gastrointestinal cancers: Roles in cancer progression and therapeutic response. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1263-1321. [PMID: 36951271 DOI: 10.1002/med.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors (cancers of the esophagus, gastric, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum) contribute to a large number of deaths worldwide. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that promotes the transcription of genes associated with proliferation, antiapoptosis, survival, and metastasis. STAT3 is overactivated in many human malignancies including GI tumors which accelerates tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Research in recent years demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a major role in the regulation of many signaling pathways including the STAT3 pathway. The major types of endogenous ncRNAs that are being extensively studied in oncology are microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. These ncRNAs can either be tumor-promoters or tumor-suppressors and each one of them imparts their activity via different mechanisms. The STAT3 pathway is also tightly modulated by ncRNAs. In this article, we have elaborated on the tumor-promoting role of STAT3 signaling in GI tumors. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the oncogenic as well as tumor suppressor functions and mechanism of action of ncRNAs that are known to modulate STAT3 signaling in GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chakrabhavi D Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Zhou M, Tang Y, Xu W, Hao X, Li Y, Huang S, Xiang D, Wu J. Bacteria-based immunotherapy for cancer: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140463. [PMID: 37600773 PMCID: PMC10436994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been emerging as a powerful strategy for cancer management. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that bacteria-based immunotherapy including naive bacteria, bacterial components, and bacterial derivatives, can modulate immune response via various cellular and molecular pathways. The key mechanisms of bacterial antitumor immunity include inducing immune cells to kill tumor cells directly or reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Currently, bacterial antigens synthesized as vaccine candidates by bioengineering technology are novel antitumor immunotherapy. Especially the combination therapy of bacterial vaccine with conventional therapies may further achieve enhanced therapeutic benefits against cancers. However, the clinical translation of bacteria-based immunotherapy is limited for biosafety concerns and non-uniform production standards. In this review, we aim to summarize immunotherapy strategies based on advanced bacterial therapeutics and discuss their potential for cancer management, we will also propose approaches for optimizing bacteria-based immunotherapy for facilitating clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yucheng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyan Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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21
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Zhou D, Xiong S, Xiong J, Deng X, Long Q, Li Y. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220528. [PMID: 37465100 PMCID: PMC10350897 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) microbiota and its clinical value using an integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome. Microbiome and transcriptome data were downloaded from the Cancer Microbiome Atlas and the Cancer Genome Atlas databases. We identified nine differentially abundant microbial genera, including Helicobacter, Mycobacterium, and Streptococcus, which clustered patients into three subtypes with different survival rates. In total, 74 prognostic genes were screened from 925 feature genes of the subtypes, among which five genes were identified for prognostic model construction, including NTN5, MPV17L, MPLKIP, SIGLEC5, and SPAG16. The prognostic model could stratify patients into different risk groups. The high-risk group was associated with poor overall survival. A nomogram established using the prognostic risk score could accurately predict the 1, 3, and 5 year overall survival probabilities. The high-risk group had a higher proportion of histological grade 3 and recurrence samples. Immune infiltration analysis showed that samples in the high-risk group had a higher abundance of infiltrating neutrophils. The Notch signaling pathway activity showed a significant difference between the high- and low-risk groups. In conclusion, a prognostic model based on five feature genes of microbial subtypes could predict the overall survival for patients with STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Zhou
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Green Planting and Deep Processing of Famous-region Drug in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing404120, China
| | - Shu Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, No. 666 Tianxing Road, Baianba, Wanzhou District, Chongqing404120, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Neonatology, Jiulongpo People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400050, China
| | - Xuesong Deng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, No. 666 Tianxing Road, Baianba, Wanzhou District, Chongqing404120, China
| | - Quanzhou Long
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Green Planting and Deep Processing of Famous-region Drug in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing404120, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Green Planting and Deep Processing of Famous-region Drug in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing404120, China
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22
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Wang M, Yang G, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Xin Y. The role of the gut microbiota in gastric cancer: the immunoregulation and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183331. [PMID: 37457738 PMCID: PMC10348752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, leading to the deaths of millions of people worldwide. Therefore, early detection and effective therapeutic strategies are of great value for decreasing the occurrence of advanced GC. The human microbiota is involved not only in the maintenance of physiological conditions, but also in human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, allergic and atopic diseases, and cancer. Currently, the composition of the bacteria in the host, their functions, and their influence on disease progression and treatment are being discussed. Previous studies on the gut microbiome have mostly focused on Helicobacter pylori (Hp) owing to its significant role in the development of GC. Nevertheless, the enrichment and diversity of other bacteria that can modulate the tumor microenvironment are involved in the progression of GC and the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review provides systematic insight into the components of the gut microbiota and their application in GC, including the specific bacteria of GC, their immunoregulatory effect, and their diagnostic value. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between the metabolism of microbes and their potential applications, which may serve as a new approach for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ge Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qihe Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Xin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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23
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Ai B, Mei Y, Liang D, Wang T, Cai H, Yu D. Uncovering the special microbiota associated with occurrence and progression of gastric cancer by using RNA-sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5722. [PMID: 37029259 PMCID: PMC10082026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has been identified as the third deadly cancer in the world. Accumulating researches suggest a potential role of microorganisms in tumorigenesis. However, the composition of microbiota in GC tissues is not clear and it changes throughout the different stages of GC remain mostly elusive. Our study integrated RNA-Seq data of 727 samples derived from gastric tissues across four datasets and revealed its microbial composition. In order to remove the false positive results, core taxa were defined and characterized. Based on it, we analyzed the influence of biological factors on its composition. The pan-microbiome of gastric tissues was estimated to be over than 1400 genera. Seventeen core genera were identified. Among them, Helicobacter, Lysobacter were significantly enriched in normal tissues, while Pseudomonas was enriched in tumor tissues. Interestingly, Acinetobacter, Pasteurella, Streptomyces, Chlamydia, and Lysobacter, showed a significant increase trend during tumor development and formed strong intra/inter-correlations among them or with other genera. Furthermore, we found that tumor stage played an important role in altering the microbial composition of GC tissues. This study provides support for the in-depth study of tumor microbiome, and the specific microbiome excavated provides a possibility for the subsequent identification of potential biomarkers for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ai
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Mei
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Song G, Wang L, Tang J, Li H, Pang S, Li Y, Liu L, Hu J. Circulating metabolites as potential biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis surveillance of gastrointestinal cancers. Metabolomics 2023; 19:36. [PMID: 37014438 PMCID: PMC10073066 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Two of the most lethal gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, gastric cancer (GC) and colon cancer (CC), are ranked in the top five cancers that cause deaths worldwide. Most GI cancer deaths can be reduced by earlier detection and more appropriate medical treatment. Unlike the current "gold standard" techniques, non-invasive and highly sensitive screening tests are required for GI cancer diagnosis. Here, we explored the potential of metabolomics for GI cancer detection and the classification of tissue-of-origin, and even the prognosis management. METHODS Plasma samples from 37 gastric cancer (GC), 17 colon cancer (CC), and 27 non-cancer (NC) patients were prepared for metabolomics and lipidomics analysis by three MS-based platforms. Univariate, multivariate, and clustering analyses were used for selecting significant metabolic features. ROC curve analysis was based on a series of different binary classifications as well as the true-positive rate (sensitivity) and the false-positive rate (1-specificity). RESULTS GI cancers exhibited obvious metabolic perturbation compared with benign diseases. The differentiated metabolites of gastric cancer (GC) and colon cancer (CC) were targeted to same pathways but with different degrees of cellular metabolism reprogramming. The cancer-specific metabolites distinguished the malignant and benign, and classified the cancer types. We also applied this test to before- and after-surgery samples, wherein surgical resection significantly altered the blood-metabolic patterns. There were 15 metabolites significantly altered in GC and CC patients who underwent surgical treatment, and partly returned to normal conditions. CONCLUSION Blood-based metabolomics analysis is an efficient strategy for GI cancer screening, especially for malignant and benign diagnoses. The cancer-specific metabolic patterns process the potential for classifying tissue-of-origin in multi-cancer screening. Besides, the circulating metabolites for prognosis management of GI cancer is a promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Song
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No 23. Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No 23. Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Junlong Tang
- Metanotitia Inc, No 59. Gaoxin South 9Th Road, Yuehai Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518056, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohui Li
- Metanotitia Inc, No 59. Gaoxin South 9Th Road, Yuehai Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518056, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyu Pang
- Metanotitia Inc, No 59. Gaoxin South 9Th Road, Yuehai Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518056, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Metanotitia Inc, No 59. Gaoxin South 9Th Road, Yuehai Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518056, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Metanotitia Inc, No 59. Gaoxin South 9Th Road, Yuehai Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518056, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junyuan Hu
- Metanotitia Inc, No 59. Gaoxin South 9Th Road, Yuehai Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518056, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Wen X, Ye X, Yang X, Jiang R, Qian C, Wang X. The crosstalk between intestinal bacterial microbiota and immune cells in colorectal cancer progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:620-632. [PMID: 36376701 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different types of cells that are involved in tumor immunity play a significant part in antitumor therapy. The intestinal microbiota consist of the trillions of diverse microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, much emphasis has been paid to the link between these symbionts and colorectal cancer (CRC). This association might be anything from oncogenesis and cancer development to resistance or susceptibility to chemotherapeutic medicines. Cancer patients have a significantly different microbial composition in their guts compared to healthy persons. The microbiome may play a role in the development and development of cancer through the modulation of tumor immunosurveillance, as shown by these studies; however, the specific processes underlying this role are still poorly understood. This review focuses on the relationship between the intestinal bacterial microbiota and immune cells to determine how the commensal microbiome influences the initiation and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozi Wen
- Linping Campus of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xufang Ye
- Linping Campus of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Linping Campus of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rujin Jiang
- Linping Campus of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Qian
- Linping Campus of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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26
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Li YT, Yuan WZ, Jin WL. Vagus innervation in the gastrointestinal tumor: Current understanding and challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188884. [PMID: 36990250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve (VN) is the main parasympathetic nerve of the autonomic nervous system. It is widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and maintains gastrointestinal homeostasis with the sympathetic nerve under physiological conditions. The VN communicates with various components of the tumor microenvironment to positively and dynamically affect the progression of gastrointestinal tumors (GITs). The intervention in vagus innervation delays GIT progression. Developments in adeno-associated virus vectors, nanotechnology, and in vivo neurobiological techniques have enabled the creation of precisely regulated "tumor neurotherapies". Furthermore, the combination of neurobiological techniques and single cell sequencing may reveal more insights into VN and GIT. The present review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of communication between the VN and the gastrointestinal TME and to explore the potential and challenges of VN-based tumor neurotherapy in GITs.
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27
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Wei Q, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Han S, Yin L, Zhang J, Gao Y, Shen H, Zhuang J, Chu J, Liu J, Wei Y. Analysis of bacterial diversity and community structure in gastric juice of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36662326 PMCID: PMC9860007 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence and development of gastric cancer are related to microorganisms, which can be used as potential biomarkers of gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE To screen the microbiological markers of gastric cancer from the microorganisms of gastric juice. METHODS Gastric juice samples were collected from 61 healthy people and 78 patients with gastric cancer (48 cases of early gastric cancer and 30 cases of advanced gastric cancer). The bacterial 16 S rRNA V1-V4 region of gastric juice samples was sequenced. The Shannon index, Simpson index, Ace index and Chao index were used to analyze the diversity of gastric juice samples. The RDP classifier Bayesian algorithm was used to analyze the community structure of 97% OTU representative sequences with similar levels. Linear discriminant analysis and ST-test were used to analyze the differences. Six machine learning algorithms, including the logistic regression algorithm, random forest algorithm, neural network algorithm, support vector machine algorithm, Catboost algorithm and gradient lifting tree algorithm, were used to construct risk prediction models for gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer. RESULTS The microbiota diversity and the abundance of bacteria was different in the healthy group, early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer (P < 0.05). The top five abundant bacteria among the three groups were Streptococcus, Rhodococcus, Prevotella, Pseudomonas and Helicobacter. Bacterial flora such as Streptococcus, Rhodococcus and Ochrobactrum were significantly different between the healthy group and the gastric cancer group. The accuracy of the random forest prediction model is the highest (82.73% correct). The bacteria with the highest predictive value included Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Ochrobactrum. The abundance of bacteria such as Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Atopobium, Corynebacterium was high in the advanced gastric cancer group. CONCLUSION Gastric juice bacteria can be used as potential biomarkers to predict the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhang Wu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yin
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhai Gao
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhai Wei
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Zhejiang Province, 313000, Huzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Mahmood R, Voisin A, Olof H, Khorasaniha R, Lawal SA, Armstrong HK. Host Microbiomes Influence the Effects of Diet on Inflammation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:521. [PMID: 36672469 PMCID: PMC9857231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and there is a growing appreciation for the complex involvement of diet, microbiomes, and inflammatory processes culminating in tumorigenesis. Although research has significantly improved our understanding of the various factors involved in different cancers, the underlying mechanisms through which these factors influence tumor cells and their microenvironment remain to be completely understood. In particular, interactions between the different microbiomes, specific dietary factors, and host cells mediate both local and systemic immune responses, thereby influencing inflammation and tumorigenesis. Developing an improved understanding of how different microbiomes, beyond just the colonic microbiome, can interact with dietary factors to influence inflammatory processes and tumorigenesis will support our ability to better understand the potential for microbe-altering and dietary interventions for these patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Mahmood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Athalia Voisin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Hana Olof
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Reihane Khorasaniha
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Samuel A. Lawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Heather K. Armstrong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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29
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Uzelac M, Li Y, Chakladar J, Li WT, Ongkeko WM. Archaea Microbiome Dysregulated Genes and Pathways as Molecular Targets for Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911566. [PMID: 36232866 PMCID: PMC9570029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is a vast collection of microbial species that exist throughout the human body and regulate various bodily functions and phenomena. Of the microbial species that exist in the human microbiome, those within the archaea domain have not been characterized to the extent of those in more common domains, despite their potential for unique metabolic interaction with host cells. Research has correlated tumoral presence of bacterial microbial species to the development and progression of lung cancer; however, the impacts and influences of archaea in the microbiome remain heavily unexplored. Within the United States lung cancer remains highly fatal, responsible for over 100,000 deaths every year with a 5-year survival rate of roughly 22.9%. This project attempts to investigate specific archaeal species' correlation to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) incidence, patient staging, death rates across individuals of varying ages, races, genders, and smoking-statuses, and potential molecular targets associated with archaea microbiome. Archaeal species abundance was assessed across lung tissue samples of 527 LUAD patients, 479 LUSC patients, and 99 healthy individuals. Nine archaeal species were found to be of significantly altered abundance in cancerous samples as compared to normal counterparts, 6 of which are common to both LUAD and LUSC subgroups. Several of these species are of the taxonomic class Thermoprotei or the phylum Euryarchaeota, both known to contain metabolic processes distinct from most bacterial species. Host-microbe metabolic interactions may be responsible for the observed correlation of these species' abundance with cancer incidence. Significant microbes were correlated to patient gene expression to reveal genes of altered abundance with respect to high and low archaeal presence. With these genes, cellular oncogenic signaling pathways were analyzed for enrichment across cancer and normal samples. In comparing gene expression between LUAD and adjacent normal samples, 2 gene sets were found to be significantly enriched in cancers. In LUSC comparison, 6 sets were significantly enriched in cancer, and 34 were enriched in normals. Microbial counts across healthy and cancerous patients were then used to develop a machine-learning based predictive algorithm, capable of distinguishing lung cancer patients from healthy normal with 99% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Uzelac
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jaideep Chakladar
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(858)-552-8585 (ext. 7165)
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The Crosstalk between Microbiome and Immunotherapeutics: Myth or Reality. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194641. [PMID: 36230563 PMCID: PMC9563484 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome refers to microorganisms and their genetic material influencing local and systemic inflammation. Inflammation is known to contribute to cancer development, progression, and treatment. Evidence suggests that modulating the gut microbiome may affect responses to various cancer therapies. The gut microbiota has been suggested to have an impact on immunotherapy efficacy, especially the currently widely used immune checkpoint inhibitors in various malignancies. Microbial interventions like fecal microbiota transplantation, various probiotics, or even antibiotics can increase or decrease the tumor’s sensitivity to immunotherapy. However, not all tumors react in the same manner, highlighting the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity across tumor types and the influence this has on the crosstalk between the microbiome and therapy outcomes. In this study, we intend to review the association between the gut microbiota and immunotherapy response in cancer patients and the factors regulating this interaction.
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Explore and Analyze the Composition and Characteristics of Intestinal Microbiota between Gastric Cancer Patients and Healthy People. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5834293. [PMID: 36118097 PMCID: PMC9477631 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5834293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. As the intestine is downstream of the digestive tract, the occurrence of gastric cancer may have a certain significant impact on it. Therefore, it is particularly important to find out the intestinal bacteria closely related to gastric cancer, to identify the specific flora related to gastric cancer, and to maintain the stability of the core structure of intestinal microecology in patients with gastric cancer. Based on this, the fecal samples of gastric cancer patients and healthy people were collected, and the diversity and composition of intestinal flora in patients with gastric cancer were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. We found that there was no significant difference in the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora between gastric cancer patients and healthy people. The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Subdoligranulum in the intestinal tract of patients with gastric cancer was significantly lower than that in healthy people, while the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides was increased. This study found that there were six kinds of intestinal microflora closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer, which provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
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Fakharian F, Asgari B, Nabavi-Rad A, Sadeghi A, Soleimani N, Yadegar A, Zali MR. The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and the gut microbiota: An emerging driver influencing the immune system homeostasis and gastric carcinogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:953718. [PMID: 36046747 PMCID: PMC9423097 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota are critical for preserving the health status because they are required for digestion and nutrient acquisition, the development of the immune system, and energy metabolism. The gut microbial composition is greatly influenced by the colonization of the recalcitrant pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and the conventional antibiotic regimens that follow. H. pylori is considered to be the main microorganism in gastric carcinogenesis, and it appears to be required for the early stages of the process. However, a non-H. pylori microbiota profile is also suggested, primarily in the later stages of tumorigenesis. On the other hand, specific groups of gut microbes may produce beneficial byproducts such as short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) that can modulate inflammation and tumorigenesis pathways. In this review, we aim to present how H. pylori influences the population of the gut microbiota to modify the host immunity and trigger the development of gastric carcinogenesis. We will also highlight the effect of the gut microbiota on immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment to present a perspective for further development of innovative therapeutic paradigms to prevent the progression of H. pylori-induced stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoush Asgari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Yadegar, ;
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Majewski M, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Smolak K, Grywalska E, Torres K. Microbiota and the Immune System-Actors in the Gastric Cancer Story. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153832. [PMID: 35954495 PMCID: PMC9367521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stomach cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. Although the number of new cases is decreasing year by year, the death rate for this type of cancer is still high. The heterogeneous course and the lack of symptoms in the early stages of the disease mean that the diagnosis is made late, which translates into a worse prognosis for such patients. That is why it is so important to analyze potential risk factors that may increase the risk of developing gastric cancer and to search for new effective methods of treatment. These requirements are met by the analysis of the composition of the gastric microbiota and its relationship with the immune system, which is a key element in the human anti-cancer fight. This publication was created to systematize the current knowledge on the impact of dysbiosis of human microbiota on the development and progression of gastric cancer. Particular emphasis was placed on taking into account the role of the immune system in this process. Abstract Gastric cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world, with a relatively high mortality rate. Due to the heterogeneous course of the disease, its diagnosis and treatment are limited and difficult, and it is associated with a reduced prognosis for patients. That is why it is so important to understand the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of this cancer, with particular emphasis on the role of risk factors. According to the literature data, risk factors include: changes in the composition of the stomach and intestinal microbiota (microbiological dysbiosis and the participation of Helicobacter pylori), improper diet, environmental and genetic factors, and disorders of the body’s immune homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematize the knowledge on the influence of human microbiota dysbiosis on the development and progression of gastric cancer, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Majewski
- 2nd Department of General, Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Smolak
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Torres
- Chair and Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Chen Y, Wu FH, Wu PQ, Xing HY, Ma T. The Role of The Tumor Microbiome in Tumor Development and Its Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935846. [PMID: 35911695 PMCID: PMC9334697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal bacteria and other microorganisms that reside in the human body are closely associated with the development and treatment of cancers. Recently, tumor microbiome (TM) has been identified in a variety of cancers such as pancreatic, lung, and breast cancers. TM has different compositions in different tumors and has different effects on tumors. TM plays an important role in the formation of the tumor microenvironment, regulation of local immunity, and modification of tumor cell biology, and directly affects the efficacy of drug treatment for tumors. TM is expected to be a biomarker for tumors, and engineered tumor-targeting bacteria and anti-cancer microbial agents (GEN-001) have an important role in the treatment of tumors. This paper reviews the relevant studies on TM in recent years and describes its distribution in different tumors, its correlation with clinical features, its effect on local immunity, and the research directions of TM in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fa-Hong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng-Qiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yun Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Yun Xing, ; Tao Ma,
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Yun Xing, ; Tao Ma,
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35
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Guo Q, Qin H, Liu X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Qin T, Chang L, Zhang W. The Emerging Roles of Human Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915047. [PMID: 35784372 PMCID: PMC9240199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is composed of a large number of microorganisms with a complex structure. It participates in the decomposition, digestion, and absorption of nutrients; promotes the development of the immune system; inhibits the colonization of pathogens; and thus modulates human health. In particular, the relationship between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tumor progression has attracted widespread concern. It was found that the gut microbiota can influence gastrointestinal tumor progression in independent ways. Here, we focused on the distribution of gut microbiota in gastrointestinal tumors and further elaborated on the impact of gut microbiota metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids, on colorectal cancer progression. Additionally, the effects of gut microbiota on gastrointestinal tumor therapy are outlined. Finally, we put forward the possible problems in gut microbiota and the gastrointestinal oncology field and the efforts we need to make.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Guo, ; Wenzhou Zhang,
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Guiyang City, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zelong Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Wise Medical, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Guo, ; Wenzhou Zhang,
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Meliț LE, Mărginean CO, Săsăran MO. The Challenges of Eradicating Pediatric Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Era of Probiotics. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060795. [PMID: 35740732 PMCID: PMC9222169 DOI: 10.3390/children9060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the most common infection of childhood, results in life-threatening complications during adulthood if left untreated. Most of these complications are related to H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation. The dysbiosis caused by H. pylori is not limited to the gastric microenvironment, but it affects the entire gastrointestinal tract. Eradication of H. pylori has recently become a real challenge for clinicians due to both the persistent increase in antibiotic resistance worldwide and the wide spectrum of side effects associated with the eradication regimens resulting; therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective and less noxious treatment options. Thus, probiotics might be a promising choice in both adults and children with H. pylori infection since their role in improving the eradication rate of this infection has been proved in multiple studies. The positive effects of probiotics might be explained by their abilities to produce antimicrobial compounds and antioxidants, alter local gastric pH, and subsequently decrease H. pylori colonization and adherence to gastric epithelial cells. Nevertheless, if used alone probiotics do not considerably increase the eradication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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AL-Ishaq RK, Koklesova L, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiome on Gastrointestinal Cancers: Focusing on Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2140. [PMID: 35565269 PMCID: PMC9101278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GI) is a global health disease with a huge burden on a patient's physical and psychological aspects of life and on health care providers. It is associated with multiple disease related challenges which can alter the patient's quality of life and well-being. GI cancer development is influenced by multiple factors such as diet, infection, environment, and genetics. Although activating immune pathways and components during cancer is critical for the host's survival, cancerous cells can target those pathways to escape and survive. As the gut microbiome influences the development and function of the immune system, research is conducted to investigate the gut microbiome-immune interactions, the underlying mechanisms, and how they reduce the risk of GI cancer. This review addresses and summarizes the current knowledge on the major immune cells and gut microbiome interactions. Additionally, it highlights the underlying mechanisms of immune dysregulation caused by gut microbiota on four major cancerous pathways, inflammation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Overall, gut-immune interactions might be a key to understanding GI cancer development, but further research is needed for more detailed clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
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Xu L, Yang CS, Liu Y, Zhang X. Effective Regulation of Gut Microbiota With Probiotics and Prebiotics May Prevent or Alleviate COVID-19 Through the Gut-Lung Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895193. [PMID: 35548347 PMCID: PMC9081431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can disrupt the gut microbiota balance, and patients usually have intestinal disorders. The intestine is the largest immune organ of the human body, and gut microbes can affect the immune function of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. Many lines of evidence support the role of beneficial bacteria in enhancing human immunity, preventing pathogen colonization, and thereby reducing the incidence and severity of infection. In this article, we review the possible approach of modulating microbiota to help prevent and treat respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, and discuss the possibility of using probiotics and prebiotics for this purpose. We also discuss the mechanism by which intestinal micro-flora regulate immunity and the effects of probiotics on the intestinal micro-ecological balance. Based on this understanding, we propose the use of probiotics and prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota for the prevention or alleviation of COVID-19 through the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chung S. Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Chung S. Yang, ; Xin Zhang,
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Chung S. Yang, ; Xin Zhang,
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Wei Y, Gao L, Yang X, Xiang X, Yi C. Inflammation-Related Genes Serve as Prognostic Biomarkers and Involve in Immunosuppressive Microenvironment to Promote Gastric Cancer Progression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:801647. [PMID: 35372408 PMCID: PMC8965837 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.801647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a typical inflammatory-related malignant tumor which is closely related to helicobacter pylori infection. Tumor inflammatory microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor progression and affect the clinical benefit from immunotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy for gastric cancer has achieved promising outcomes, but not all patients can benefit from immunotherapy due to tumor heterogeneity. In our study, we identified 29 differentially expressed and prognostic inflammation-related genes in GC and normal samples. Based on those genes, we constructed a prognostic model using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, which categorized patients with GC into two groups. The high-risk group have the characteristics of "cold tumor" and have a poorer prognosis. In contrast, low-risk group was "hot tumor" and had better prognosis. Targeting inflammatory-related genes and remodeling tumor microenvironment to turn "cold tumor" into "hot tumor" may be a promising solution to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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40
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Role of Gastric Microorganisms Other than Helicobacter pylori in the Development and Treatment of Gastric Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6263423. [PMID: 35321071 PMCID: PMC8938066 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6263423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment in the stomach is different from other digestive tracts, mainly because of the secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, bile reflux, special mucus barrier, gastric peristalsis, and so on, which all contribute to the formation of antibacterial environment. Microecological disorders can lead to gastric immune disorders or lead to the decrease of dominant bacteria and the increase of the abundance and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms and then promote the occurrence of diseases. The body performs its immune function through innate and adaptive immunity and maintains microbial balance through the mechanism of immune homeostasis. Microecological imbalance can lead to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and damage mucosal barrier and immune system. The coexistence of gastric microorganisms (including viruses and fungi) may play a synergistic or antagonistic role in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases. Probiotics have the ability to compete with intestinal pathogens, increase the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA), stimulate the production of mucin, bacteriocin, and lactic acid, regulate the expression and secretion of cytokines, and regulate the growth of microbiota, which all have beneficial effects on the host microbial environment. At present, most studies focused on Helicobacter pylori, ignoring other stomach microbes and the overall stomach microecology. So, in this article, we reviewed advances in human gastric microecology, the relationship between gastric microecology and immunity or gastric diseases, and the treatment of probiotics in gastric diseases, in order to explore new area for further study of gastric microorganisms and treatment of gastric diseases.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Several modifiable environmental factors have been linked to gastric carcinogenesis but in many cases, evidence is either weak or fragmented. In this review, we interrogate the latest evidence implicating environmental factors in the development of gastric cancer. RECENT FINDINGS We are writing this review at a time when technological advancements are enabling scientists to effectively conduct large epidemiological studies with better tools for exposure estimations. We have highlighted risk factors that do not yet have enough evidence to be included as definite carcinogens in the International Agency for Research on Cancer monographs but have the potential for inclusion in the near future. Considered in our review are the links between gastric cancer and exposure to biomass smoke, particulate matter, occupational hazards and water contamination. SUMMARY This review illustrates the need for vigilance as evidence linking gastric cancer to various environmental factors is mounting. Many of these factors are modifiable, allowing for preventive strategies that could further decrease the global burden of gastric cancer.
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Fang F, Zhang T, Li Q, Chen X, Jiang F, Shen X. The tumor immune-microenvironment in gastric cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2022; 108:541-551. [PMID: 35196917 DOI: 10.1177/03008916211070051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment significantly influences malignant behavior and progression. Many components are involved in the tumor microenvironment, including extracellular matrix, stromal cells, immune and inflammatory cells, as well as cytokines that promote tumor development with complex interactions through the exchange of molecular information. It is now known that tumor immune escape may be influenced by the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this work is to conduct a review of the tumor immune-microenvironment in gastric cancer. METHODS We review the current knowledge of several immune cells involved in the gastric tumor microenvironment. In addition, a brief description of immunotherapy strategies for gastric cancer is also reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Among immune cell populations, lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are revealed to make the difference in promoting or suppressing gastric tumorigenesis, either directly or indirectly, via regulating the immune responses. Understanding these interactions in detail within the tumor immune-microenvironment will contribute to unraveling new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering and Education Ministry, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering and Education Ministry, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering and Education Ministry, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering and Education Ministry, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering and Education Ministry, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Rogers JE, Sewastjanow D Silva M, Waters RE, Ajani JA. Pharmaceutical advances in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:611-621. [PMID: 35098851 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2032644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) continues to be a prevalent global concern. Differences in incidence are predominantly due to geographic locations with Asia contributing to majority of cases. Another parallel challenge is due to heterogenous molecular and immune profiles of GAC along with varying clinicopathological features of patients. In most countries, GACs are diagnosed late in an advanced stage as the early detection infrastructure cannot be implemented or not feasible. Future advances in liquid biopsies could change all that. AREAS COVERED The authors focus on the recent advances in the management of advanced GAC patients w but also address localized GAC. Herein, the authors review the most contemporary treatments and promising breakthroughs. EXPERT OPINION The addition of immunotherapy to standard of care has changed the outlook of advanced GAC patients. The authors anticipate continued advances in the development of immunotherapy both in surgically resectable and unresectable GACs. Targeting the ERBB2 (HER2) protein pathway remains uniquely important in GACs with ERBB2 (HER2) protein positivity. Currently, many novel anti-ERBB2 (HER2) protein therapies are under investigation. The next generation of GAC patients will derive considerably more benefit as the therapeutic landscape becomes more complex coupled with challenges in biomarker platforms and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Rogers
- Pharmacy Clinical Programs, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Rebecca E Waters
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, U.t. M.d. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX , USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.t. M.d. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Interdisciplinary insights into the link between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis-what is currently known? Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:1-10. [PMID: 34741681 PMCID: PMC8732854 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, gastric cancer is one of the leading death-related cancer globally. The etiopathogenesis of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes among others dysbiotic alterations of gastric microbiota. Molecular techniques revealed that stomach is not a sterile organ and it is resides with ecosystem of microbes. Due to the fact that the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in development of gastric cancer is established and well-studied, this paper is mainly focused on the role of other bacterial as well as viral and fungal gut microbiota imbalance in gastric carcinogenesis. Notably, not only the composition of gastric microbiota may play an important role in development of gastric cancer, but also its activity. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, polyamines, N-nitroso compounds, and lactate, may significantly affect gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, this paper discussed aforementioned aspects with the interdisciplinary insights (regarding also immunological point of view) into the association between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis based on up-to-date studies.
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Amatya SB, Salmi S, Kainulainen V, Karihtala P, Reunanen J. Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5450. [PMID: 34771614 PMCID: PMC8582403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist them in competition, survival, material exchange, host immune modulation, infection, and invasion. The role of gut microbiota in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has been well documented. However, the possible involvement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in GIT cancer pathophysiology has not been given due attention. Studies have illustrated the ability of bEVs to cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and possibly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). A systematic search of original published works related to bacterial extracellular vesicles on gastrointestinal cancer was performed for this review. The current systemic review outlines the possible impact of gut microbiota derived bEVs in GIT cancer in light of present-day understanding. The necessity of using advanced sequencing technologies, such as genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic investigation methodologies, to facilitate an understanding of the interrelationship between cancer-associated bacterial vesicles and gastrointestinal cancer is also emphasized. We further discuss the clinical and pharmaceutical potential of bEVs, along with future efforts needed to understand the mechanism of interaction of bEVs in GIT cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.B.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonja Salmi
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.B.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Veera Kainulainen
- Human Microbiome Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.B.A.); (S.S.)
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Ali Mohammed MM, Al Kawas S, Al-Qadhi G. Tongue-coating microbiome as a cancer predictor: A scoping review. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105271. [PMID: 34610507 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tongue microbiome has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic and tracking prognostic tool in the detection of diseases mainly cancer. This scoping review aimed to identify the association between tongue microbiome and pre-cancer or cancer lesions. DESIGN A comprehensive electronic database search including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was undertaken up to March 2021, without language or date restrictions. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. All observational studies that compared microbial community on the dorsal surface of the tongue between cancer or precancerous cases and healthy controls using NGS techniques were included. RESULTS Of 274 records identified, nine studies were eligible to be included. Despite the inconsistent observations in terms of diversity and richness, most studies reported alteration in bacterial communities between pre-cancer or cancer cases and control groups. The bacterial profile among cases was so far correlated at the phylum level with a noticeable diverse degree at the genus level. The majority of included studies reported a higher abundance of certain kinds of microorganisms as compared to healthy participants including Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria at phyla level as well as Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium at the genus level. CONCLUSION The alteration of the tongue microbial community has been associated with several diseases mainly cancer. So, the tongue microbiome may serve as a promising diagnostic tool or as a long-term monitor in precancerous or cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gamilah Al-Qadhi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Yemen.
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Gunathilake M, Lee JH, Choi IJ, Kim YI, Kim JS. Effect of the Interaction between Dietary Patterns and the Gastric Microbiome on the Risk of Gastric Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:2692. [PMID: 34444852 PMCID: PMC8401549 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to observe the combined effects of Gaussian graphical model (GGM)-derived dietary patterns and the gastric microbiome on the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in a Korean population. The study included 268 patients with GC and 288 healthy controls. Food intake was assessed using a 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. GGMs were applied to derive dietary pattern networks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using DNA extracted from gastric biopsy samples. The fruit pattern network was inversely associated with the risk of GC for the highest vs. lowest tertiles in the total population (odds ratio (OR): 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.77; p for trend = 0.003) and in females (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17-0.83; p for trend = 0.021). Males who had a low microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) and high vegetable and seafood pattern score showed a significantly reduced risk of GC (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22-0.91; p-interaction = 0.021). Females who had a low MDI and high dairy pattern score showed a significantly reduced risk of GC (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.76; p-interaction = 0.018). Our novel findings revealed that vegetable and seafood pattern might interact with dysbiosis to attenuate the risk of GC in males, whereas the dairy pattern might interact with dysbiosis to reduce the GC risk in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.G.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jeong-Hee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.G.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Il-Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-I.K.)
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-I.K.)
| | - Jeong-Seon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.G.); (J.-H.L.)
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Gastric Microenvironment-A Partnership between Innate Immunity and Gastric Microbiota Tricks Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153258. [PMID: 34362042 PMCID: PMC8347153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) carcinogenicity depends on three major factors: bacterial virulence constituents, environmental factors and host's genetic susceptibility. The relationship between microenvironmental factors and H. pylori virulence factors are incontestable. H. pylori infection has a major impact on both gastric and colonic microbiota. The presence of non-H. pylori bacteria within the gastric ecosystem is particularly important since they might persistently act as an antigenic stimulus or establish a partnership with H. pylori in order to augment the subsequent inflammatory responses. The gastric ecosystem, i.e., microbiota composition in children with H. pylori infection is dominated by Streptoccocus, Neisseria, Rothia and Staphylococcus. The impairment of this ecosystem enhances growth and invasion of different pathogenic bacteria, further impairing the balance between the immune system and mucosal barrier. Moreover, altered microbiota due to H. pylori infection is involved in increasing the gastric T regulatory cells response in children. Since gastric homeostasis is defined by the partnership between commensal bacteria and host's immune system, this review is focused on how pathogen recognition through toll-like receptors (TLRs-an essential class of pathogen recognition receptors-PRRs) on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells impact the immune response in the setting of H. pylori infection. Further studies are required for delineate precise role of bacterial community features and of immune system components.
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Ghidini M, Petrillo A, Botticelli A, Trapani D, Parisi A, La Salvia A, Sajjadi E, Piciotti R, Fusco N, Khakoo S. How to Best Exploit Immunotherapeutics in Advanced Gastric Cancer: Between Biomarkers and Novel Cell-Based Approaches. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1412. [PMID: 33915839 PMCID: PMC8037391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research efforts, advanced gastric cancer still has a dismal prognosis with conventional treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for many solid tumors. Amongst gastric cancer subtypes, tumors with microsatellite instability and Epstein Barr Virus positive tumors provide the strongest rationale for responding to immunotherapy. Various predictive biomarkers such as mismatch repair status, programmed death ligand 1 expression, tumor mutational burden, assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and circulating biomarkers have been evaluated. However, results have been inconsistent due to different methodologies and thresholds used. Clinical implementation therefore remains a challenge. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer is emerging with data from monotherapy in the heavily pre-treated population already available and studies in earlier disease settings with different combinatorial approaches in progress. Immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations with chemotherapy (CT), anti-angiogenics, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-Her2 directed therapy, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or dual checkpoint inhibitor strategies are being explored. Moreover, novel strategies including vaccines and CAR T cell therapy are also being trialed. Here we provide an update on predictive biomarkers for response to immunotherapy with an overview of their strengths and limitations. We discuss clinical trials that have been reported and trials in progress whilst providing an account of future steps needed to improve outcome in this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
- Medical Oncology (B), Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of Early Drug Development for innovative therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Parisi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Medical Oncology Unit, St. Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna La Salvia
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital 12 De Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (R.P.); (N.F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Piciotti
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (R.P.); (N.F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (R.P.); (N.F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Shelize Khakoo
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Surrey, Sutton SM25PT, UK;
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Ren Z, Rajani C, Jia W. The Distinctive Serum Metabolomes of Gastric, Esophageal and Colorectal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040720. [PMID: 33578739 PMCID: PMC7916516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer of the stomach, esophagus and colon are often fatal. Ways are being sought to establish patient-friendly screening tests that would allow these cancers to be detected earlier. Examination of the metabolomics results of cancer patient’s serum for certain metabolites unique for a particular cancer was the goal of this review. From studies conducted within the past five years several metabolites were found to be changed in cancer compared to non-cancer patients for each of the three cancers. Further confirmation of what was discovered in this review coupled with establishment of standard protocols may allow for cancer screening on patient blood samples to become routine clinical tests. Abstract Three of the most lethal cancers in the world are the gastrointestinal cancers—gastric (GC), esophageal (EC) and colorectal cancer (CRC)—which are ranked as third, sixth and fourth in cancer deaths globally. Early detection of these cancers is difficult, and a quest is currently on to find non-invasive screening tests to detect these cancers. The reprogramming of energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, notably, an increased dependence on aerobic glycolysis which is often referred to as the Warburg effect. This metabolic change results in a unique metabolic profile that distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells. Serum metabolomics analyses allow one to measure the end products of both host and microbiota metabolism present at the time of sample collection. It is a non-invasive procedure requiring only blood collection which encourages greater patient compliance to have more frequent screenings for cancer. In the following review we will examine some of the most current serum metabolomics studies in order to compare their results and test a hypothesis that different tumors, notably, from EC, GC and CRC, have distinguishing serum metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China;
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Correspondence: (C.R.); or (W.J.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China;
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (C.R.); or (W.J.)
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