1
|
Krkoška M, Paruch K, Šošolíková T, Vázquez-Gómez G, Herůdková J, Novotný J, Ovesná P, Sova P, Hyršlová Vaculová A. Inhibition of Chk1 stimulates cytotoxic action of platinum-based drugs and TRAIL combination in human prostate cancer cells. Biol Chem 2024; 405:395-406. [PMID: 38452398 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) plays an important role in regulation of the cell cycle, DNA damage response and cell death, and represents an attractive target in anticancer therapy. Small-molecule inhibitors of Chk1 have been intensively investigated either as single agents or in combination with various chemotherapeutic drugs and they can enhance the chemosensitivity of numerous tumor types. Here we newly demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of Chk1 using potent and selective inhibitor SCH900776, currently profiled in phase II clinical trials, significantly enhances cytotoxic effects of the combination of platinum-based drugs (cisplatin or LA-12) and TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand) in human prostate cancer cells. The specific role of Chk1 in the drug combination-induced cytotoxicity was confirmed by siRNA-mediated silencing of this kinase. Using RNAi-based methods we also showed the importance of Bak-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in the combined anticancer action of SCH900776, cisplatin and TRAIL. The triple drug combination-induced cytotoxicity was partially enhanced by siRNA-mediated Mcl-1 silencing. Our findings suggest that targeting Chk1 may be used as an efficient strategy for sensitization of prostate cancer cells to killing action of platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs and TRAIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krkoška
- Department of Cytokinetics, 86853 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, 117204 Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CaZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Šošolíková
- Department of Cytokinetics, 86853 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, 117204 Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Gómez
- Department of Cytokinetics, 86853 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Herůdková
- Department of Cytokinetics, 86853 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novotný
- Department of Cytokinetics, 86853 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, 117204 Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, 117204 Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sova
- Platinum Pharmaceuticals, a.s., CZ Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, 86853 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang C, Ge Y, Zang Y, Xu M, Jin L, Wang Y, Xu X, Xue B, Wang Z, Wang L. CDC20 promotes radioresistance of prostate cancer by activating Twist1 expression. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1584-1595. [PMID: 37535214 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, radiotherapy is one of the most attractive treatments for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, radioresistance remains a challenging issue and the underlying mechanism is unknown. Growing evidence has demonstrated that CDC20 (Cell division cycle protein 20) plays a pivotal role in a variety of tumors, including PCa. Here, GEPIA database mining and western blot analysis showed that higher expression of CDC20 was observed in PCa tissues and cells. We demonstrated that the expression of CDC20 was increased in PCa cells by irradiation, and knockdown of CDC20 resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, tumor formation, induced cell apoptosis and increased radiosensitivity in PCa in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we observed that CDC20 regulated Twist1 pathway, influencing cell proliferation and migration. These results suggest that targeting CDC20 and Twist1 may be an effective way to improve the radiosensitivity of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlai Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Scientific Research Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuegang Ge
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yachen Zang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, China.
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by phytochemicals: Therapeutic implications in malignancies with an emphasis on brain tumors. Biofactors 2023; 49:782-819. [PMID: 37162294 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the multimechanistic nature of cancers, current chemo- or radiotherapies often fail to eradicate disease pathology, and frequent relapses or resistance to therapies occur. Brain malignancies, particularly glioblastomas, are difficult-to-treat cancers due to their highly malignant and multidimensional biology. Unfortunately, patients suffering from malignant tumors often experience poor prognoses and short survival periods. Thus far, significant efforts have been conducted to discover novel and more effective modalities. To that end, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has attracted tremendous interest since it affects the homeostasis of proteins critically engaged in various cell functions, for example, cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. With their safe and multimodal actions, phytochemicals are among the promising therapeutic tools capable of turning the operation of various UPS elements. The present review, along with an updated outline of the role of UPS dysregulation in multiple cancers, provided a detailed discussion on the impact of phytochemicals on the UPS function in malignancies, especially brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Yang P, Wang J, Gao S, Xiao S, Zhang W, Zhu M, Wang Y, Ke X, Jing H. p53 directly downregulates the expression of CDC20 to exert anti-tumor activity in mantle cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 36882855 PMCID: PMC9990225 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell cycle dysregulation characterized by cyclin D1 overexpression is common in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), while mitotic disorder was less studied. Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20), an essential mitotic regulator, was highly expressed in various tumors. Another common abnormality in MCL is p53 inactivation. Little was known about the role of CDC20 in MCL tumorigenesis and the regulatory relationship between p53 and CDC20 in MCL. METHODS CDC20 expression was detected in MCL patients and MCL cell lines harboring mutant p53 (Jeko and Mino cells) and wild-type p53 (Z138 and JVM2 cells). Z138 and JVM2 cells were treated with CDC20 inhibitor apcin, p53 agonist nutlin-3a, or in combination, and then cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, cell migration and invasion were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays. The regulatory mechanism between p53 and CDC20 was revealed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and CUT&Tag technology. The anti-tumor effect, safety and tolerability of nutlin-3a and apcin were investigated in vivo in the Z138-driven xenograft tumor model. RESULTS CDC20 was overexpressed in MCL patients and cell lines compared with their respective controls. The typical immunohistochemical marker of MCL patients, cyclin D1, was positively correlated with CDC20 expression. CDC20 high expression indicated unfavorable clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in MCL patients. In Z138 and JVM2 cells, either apcin or nutlin-3a treatment could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. GEO analysis, RT-qPCR and WB results showed that p53 expression was negatively correlated with CDC20 expression in MCL patients, Z138 and JVM2 cells, while this relationship was not observed in p53-mutant cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and CUT&Tag assay revealed mechanistically that CDC20 was transcriptionally repressed by p53 through directly binding p53 to CDC20 promoter from - 492 to + 101 bp. Moreover, combined treatment of nutlin-3a and apcin showed better anti-tumor effect than single treatment in Z138 and JVM2 cells. Administration of nutlin-3a/apcin alone or in combination confirmed their efficacy and safety in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study validates the essential role of p53 and CDC20 in MCL tumorigenesis, and provides a new insight for MCL therapeutics through dual-targeting p53 and CDC20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He W, Meng J. CDC20: a novel therapeutic target in cancer. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:678-693. [PMID: 36915766 PMCID: PMC10006751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell division cycle protein 20 (Cdc20) is a member of the cell cyclin family. In the early stage of mitosis, it activates the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) and forms the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex APCCdc20, which destroys key regulators of the cell cycle and promotes mitosis. Cdc20 serves as a target for the spindle checkpoint, ensuring proper chromosome segregation. As an oncoprotein, Cdc20 is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, and Cdc20 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis of these tumors. This review aims to dissect the tumorigenic role of Cdc20 in human malignancies and its targeting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenning He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang R, Shang Y, Chen B, Xu F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Wan X, Xu A, Wu L, Zhao G. Protein disulfide isomerase blocks the interaction of LC3II-PHB2 and promotes mTOR signaling to regulate autophagy and radio/chemo-sensitivity. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:851. [PMID: 36202782 PMCID: PMC9537141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzyme that mediates the formation of disulfide bonds, and is also a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Our previous studies found that PDI mediates apoptotic signaling by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Considering that mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributor to autophagy, how PDI regulates autophagy remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that high expression of PDI in colorectal cancer tumors significantly increases the risk of metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer patients. PDI inhibits radio/chemo-induced cell death by regulating autophagy signaling. Mechanistically, the combination of PDI and GRP78 was enhanced after ER stress, which inhibits the degradation of AKT by GRP78, and eventually activates the mTOR pathway to inhibit autophagy initiation. In parallel, PDI can directly interact with the mitophagy receptor PHB2 in mitochondrial, then competitively blocks the binding of LC3II and PHB2 and inhibits the mitophagy signaling. Collectively, our results identify that PDI can reduce radio/chemo-sensitivity by regulating autophagy, which could be served as a potential target for radio/chemo-therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yajing Shang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032 China
| | - Bin Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Feng Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xipeng Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China ,grid.252245.60000 0001 0085 4987Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601 China
| | - Xiangbo Wan
- grid.488525.6The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275 China
| | - An Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Lijun Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China ,grid.252245.60000 0001 0085 4987Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601 China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang Z, Wang J, Roychoudhury S, Tomasik B, Wu G, Wang G, Rao X, Zhou R. Replication Stress: A Review of Novel Targets to Enhance Radiosensitivity-From Bench to Clinic. Front Oncol 2022; 12:838637. [PMID: 35875060 PMCID: PMC9305609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.838637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a process fundamental in all living organisms in which deregulation, known as replication stress, often leads to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Most malignant tumors sustain persistent proliferation and tolerate replication stress via increasing reliance to the replication stress response. So whilst replication stress induces genomic instability and tumorigenesis, the replication stress response exhibits a unique cancer-specific vulnerability that can be targeted to induce catastrophic cell proliferation. Radiation therapy, most used in cancer treatment, induces a plethora of DNA lesions that affect DNA integrity and, in-turn, DNA replication. Owing to radiation dose limitations for specific organs and tumor tissue resistance, the therapeutic window is narrow. Thus, a means to eliminate or reduce tumor radioresistance is urgently needed. Current research trends have highlighted the potential of combining replication stress regulators with radiation therapy to capitalize on the high replication stress of tumors. Here, we review the current body of evidence regarding the role of replication stress in tumor progression and discuss potential means of enhancing tumor radiosensitivity by targeting the replication stress response. We offer new insights into the possibility of combining radiation therapy with replication stress drugs for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shrabasti Roychoudhury
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bartlomiej Tomasik
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinrui Rao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Zhou, ; Xinrui Rao,
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Zhou, ; Xinrui Rao,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu Z, Wang S, Ren Z, Gao X, Xu L, Zhang S, Ren B. An integrated analysis of prognostic and immune infiltrates for hub genes as potential survival indicators in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:99. [PMID: 35354488 PMCID: PMC8966338 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major subtypes of lung cancer that is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify useful biomarkers to enhance the treatment and diagnosis of LUAD.
Methods
GEO2R was used to identify common up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GSE32863, GSE40791, and GSE75037 datasets. The DEGs were submitted to Metascape for gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis as well as construction of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, while the molecular complex detection (MCODE) plug-in was employed to filter important subnetworks. The expression levels of the hub genes and their prognostic values were evaluated using the UALCAN, GEPIA2, and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. The timer algorithm was utilized to determine the correlation between immune cell infiltration and the expression levels of hub genes in LUAD tissues. In addition, the hub gene mutation landscape and the correlation analysis with tumor mutational burden (TMB) score were evaluated using maftools package and ggstatsplot package in R software, respectively.
Results
We identified 156 common up-regulated DEGs, with gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis indicating that they were mostly enriched in mitotic cell cycle process and cell cycle pathway. DEGs in the subnetwork with the largest number of genes were AURKB, CCNB2, CDC20, CDCA5, CDCA8, CENPF, and KNTC1. The seven hub genes were highly expressed in LUAD tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. These hub genes were negatively correlated with most immune cells. The somatic mutation landscape showed that AURKB, CDC20, CENPF, and KNTC1 had mutations and were positively correlated with TMB scores.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that increased expression of seven hub genes is associated with poor prognosis for LUAD patients. Additionally, the TMB score indicates that the high expression of hub gene increases immune cell infiltration in patients with lung adenocarcinoma which may significantly improve response to immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu F, Sun Y, Chen J, Li H, Yao K, Liu Y, Liu Q, Lu J. The Oncogenic Role of APC/C Activator Protein Cdc20 by an Integrated Pan-Cancer Analysis in Human Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:721797. [PMID: 34527589 PMCID: PMC8435897 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.721797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of CDC20 gene expression and its biological impacts across different types of cancers remains largely unknown. Here, a pan-cancer analysis was performed to analyze the role of Cdc20 in various human cancers. Our results indicated that the expression levels of the CDC20 gene were significantly elevated in bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and uterine cancer. In addition, the expression of CDC20 was significantly and positively correlated with the increase of clinical stages in multiple cancer types, including breast cancer, kidney cancer, and lung cancer, et al. Among 33 cancer subtypes in the TCGA dataset, the high expression of CDC20 was correlated with poor prognosis in 10 cancer types. Furthermore, the abundance of phosphorylated Cdc20 in the primary tumor was elevated and correlated with increased tumor grade. Next, we sought to elucidate the oncogenic role by analyzing its association with immune infiltration. For most cancer types, the CDC20 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. To further understand its functional activity, we explored the classic Cdc20 downstream substrates, which were found to be mutually exclusive with the expression of Cdc20. Moreover, the pan-cancer analysis of the molecular function of Cdc20 indicated that BUB1, CCNA2, CCNB1, CDK1, MAD2L1, and PLK1 might play a critical role in interaction with Cdc20. The abundance of Cdc20 was further validated at transcriptional and translational levels with a publicly available dataset and clinical tumor tissues. The knockdown of Cdc20 dramatically inhibited tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, our studies delineated the oncogenic role of CDC20 and its prognostic significance at the pan-cancer level and proved its functional activity in Cdc20 high expression cancer types. Our studies will merits further molecular assays to understand the potential role of Cdc20 in tumorigenesis and provide the rationale for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiong C, Wang Z, Wang G, Zhang C, Jin S, Jiang G, Bai D. Identification of CDC20 as an immune infiltration-correlated prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1439-1453. [PMID: 33942202 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases play essential roles in HCC, such as regulating progression, migration, and metastasis. We aimed to explore a hub E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase gene and verify its association with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in HCC. Cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) was identified as a hub E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in HCC by determining the intersecting genes in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using HCC data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and the gene list of 919 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. DEGs and their correlations with clinicopathological features were explored in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), ICGC, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The prognostic value of CDC20 was illustrated by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and Cox regression analyses. Subsequently, the correlation between CDC20 and immune infiltration was demonstrated via the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). CDC20 expression was significantly higher in HCC than in normal tissues (all P < 0.05). High CDC20 expression predicted a poor prognosis and might be an independent risk factor in HCC (P < 0.05). Additionally, CDC20 was correlated with the immune infiltration of CD8 + T cells, T cells (general), monocytes, and exhausted T cells. This study reveals the potential prognostic value of CDC20 in HCC and demonstrates that CDC20 may be an immune-associated therapeutic target in HCC because of its correlation with immune infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiong
- Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhihuai Wang
- Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guifu Wang
- Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Induction of Apoptosis, Inhibition of MCL-1, and VEGF-A Expression Are Associated with the Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Magnolol Combined with Regorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092066. [PMID: 33922992 PMCID: PMC8123296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While regorafenib was approved for the treatment of advanced HCC in 2017, with a partial response and survival benefit; other combination agents to facilitate the efficacy of regorafenib still need to be explored. Magnolol is a potential natural anti-tumor compound for many types of cancers. Combination indexes calculated on the basis of both in vitro and in vivo models have indicated a synergistic effect of the combination of regorafenib and magnolol. The overexpression of the VEGF-A protein significantly diminished regorafenib's inhibition of cell viability, while the transient knockdown of VEGF-A by siRNA effectively sensitized HCC cells to regorafenib. In addition, the inhibition of MCL-1 by siRNA combined with regorafenib allowed for a significantly greater inhibition of cell growth, compared to regorafenib alone. A lower protein expression level for VEGF-A and MCL-1 was found for the combination treatment of HCC in vitro and in vivo. A superior metastasis inhibition was also found in the combination group, as compared to the single-treatment groups, using a transwell assay, wound healing assay, and Western blotting. The caspase-dependent and -independent and DNA damage effects, as determined by flow cytometry and a comet assay, were increased by the combination therapy. Taken together, magnolol sensitized HCC to regorafenib, which was correlated with the reduction of VEGF-A and MCL-1 and the induction of apoptosis.
Collapse
|