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Zhang H, Guo L, Su Y, Wang R, Yang W, Mu W, Xuan L, Huang L, Wang J, Gao W. Hosts engineering and in vitro enzymatic synthesis for the discovery of novel natural products and their derivatives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1121-1139. [PMID: 37574211 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2236787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel natural products (NPs) and their derivatives are important sources for drug discovery, which have been broadly applied in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and medicine, making the synthesis of NPs and their derivatives necessarily important. In recent years, biosynthesis technology has received increasing attention due to its high efficiency in the synthesis of high value-added novel products and its advantages of green, environmental protection, and controllability. In this review, the technological advances of biosynthesis strategies in the discovery of novel NPs and their derivatives are outlined, with an emphasis on two areas of host engineering and in vitro enzymatic synthesis. In terms of hosts engineering, multiple microorganisms, including Streptomyces, Aspergillus, and Penicillium, have been used as the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) provider and host strain for the expression of BGCs to discover new compounds over the past years. In addition, the use of in vitro enzymatic synthesis strategy to generate novel compounds such as triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids is also hereby described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yaowu Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rubing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenrong Mu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liangshuang Xuan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Nielsen MR, Sørensen T, Pedersen TB, Westphal KR, Díaz Fernández De Quincoces L, Sondergaard TE, Wimmer R, Brown DW, Sørensen JL. Final piece to the Fusarium pigmentation puzzle - Unraveling of the phenalenone biosynthetic pathway responsible for perithecial pigmentation in the Fusarium solani species complex. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 174:103912. [PMID: 39004163 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) is comprised of important pathogens of plants and humans. A distinctive feature of FSSC species is perithecial pigmentation. While the dark perithecial pigments of other Fusarium species are derived from fusarubins synthesized by polyketide synthase 3 (PKS3), the perithecial pigments of FSSC are derived from an unknown metabolite synthesized by PKS35. Here, we confirm in FSSC species Fusarium vanettenii that PKS35 (fsnI) is required for perithecial pigment synthesis by deletion analysis and that fsnI is closely related to phnA from Penicillium herquei, as well as duxI from Talaromyces stipentatus, which produce prephenalenone as an early intermediate in herqueinone and duclauxin synthesis respectively. The production of prephenalenone by expression of fsnI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicates that it is also an early intermediate in perithecial pigment synthesis. We next identified a conserved cluster of 10 genes flanking fsnI in F. vanettenii that when expressed in F. graminearum led to the production of a novel corymbiferan lactone F as a likely end product of the phenalenone biosynthetic pathway in FSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8A, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Trine Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tobias Bruun Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8A, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Klaus Ringsborg Westphal
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Daren W Brown
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N University St. Peoria IL 61604, United States of America
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8A, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
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3
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Bejenari M, Spedtsberg EML, Mathiesen J, Jeppesen AC, Cernat L, Toussaint A, Apostol C, Stoianov V, Pedersen TB, Nielsen MR, Sørensen JL. First-class - biosynthesis of 6-MSA and bostrycoidin type I polyketides in Yarrowia lipolytica. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2024; 5:1327777. [PMID: 38586602 PMCID: PMC10995274 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1327777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Fungal polyketides are a large group of secondary metabolites, valuable due to their diverse spectrum of pharmacological activities. Polyketide biosynthesis in filamentous fungi presents some challenges: small yield and low-purity titers. To tackle these issues, we switched to the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, an easily cultivable heterologous host. As an oleaginous yeast, Y. lipolytica displays a high flux of acetyl- and malonyl-CoA precursors used in lipid synthesis. Likewise, acetyl- and malonyl-CoA are the building blocks of many natural polyketides, and we explored the possibility of redirecting this flux toward polyketide production. Despite its promising prospect, Y. lipolytica has so far only been used for heterologous expression of simple type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) from plants. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the potential of Y. lipolytica by targeting the more complex fungal polyketides synthesized by type I PKSs. We employed a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing method to achieve markerless gene integration of the genes responsible for bostrycoidin biosynthesis in Fusarium solani (fsr1, fsr2, and fsr3) and 6-methylsalicylic acid (6-MSA) biosynthesis in Aspergillus hancockii (6MSAS). Moreover, we attempted titer optimization through metabolic engineering by overexpressing two enzymes, TGL4 and AOX2, involved in lipid β-oxidation, but we did not observe an effect on polyketide production. With maximum titers of 403 mg/L 6-MSA and 35 mg/L bostrycoidin, the latter being substantially higher than our previous results in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.2 mg/L), this work demonstrates the potential of Y. lipolytica as a platform for heterologous production of complex fungal polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Bejenari
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Eva Mie Lang Spedtsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Julie Mathiesen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Lucia Cernat
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Aouregane Toussaint
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | - Cristina Apostol
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Victor Stoianov
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
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4
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Bejenari M, Nielsen L, Spedtsberg EML, Nielsen MR, Pedersen TB, Sørensen JL. Yeast recombinational cloning for heterologous biosynthesis of polyketides: a molecular microbiology laboratory module for undergraduate students. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 24:e00242-22. [PMID: 38108002 PMCID: PMC10720416 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00242-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant plasmids are essential tools in molecular biotechnology, and reliable plasmid assembly methods have, therefore, become a prerequisite for the successful cloning and transfer of genes. Among the multitude of available plasmid assembly strategies, in vivo homologous recombinational cloning in yeast has emerged as a cost-effective and relatively simple method. Since we use this method routinely in our group for assembling large plasmids with secondary metabolite gene clusters and for direct heterologous production of polyketides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we developed an exercise module for undergraduate students where they would get hands-on experience with these molecular practices. The exercises target several molecular techniques, including PCR, restriction enzyme digestion, and yeast recombinational cloning. The students will learn about plasmid assembly and yeast transformation methods by performing these experiments while inherently acquiring new skills valuable for their subsequent laboratory work or projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Bejenari
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Line Nielsen
- Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Healey KR, Singh A. Heterologous Expression of Candida Antifungal Target Genes in the Model Organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2658:181-190. [PMID: 37024702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3155-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how a gene variant may influence antifungal resistance, or other phenotypic characteristics, is an important step in determining or dissecting resistance mechanisms. The influence of specific genes or gene alleles on a phenotype can initially be assessed within the model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae exhibits efficient rates of homologous recombination making it amendable for heterologous expression and represents a susceptible organism that can be used to determine changes in antifungal susceptibilities. Many groups have developed different methodologies for the cloning, expression, and screening processes. In this chapter, we present straightforward methodology that utilizes gap-repair cloning to express a plasmid-borne copy of Candida auris ERG11 within S. cerevisiae. Multiple alleles can be compared in order to determine how specific alterations influence triazole susceptibility. Primer design, gap-repair co-transformation, and colony PCR screening are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley R Healey
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA.
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Medical Mycology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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6
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Tammam MA, Sebak M, Greco C, Kijjoa A, El-Demerdash A. Chemical diversity, biological activities and biosynthesis of fungal naphthoquinones and their derivatives: A comprehensive update. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Schüller A, Studt-Reinhold L, Strauss J. How to Completely Squeeze a Fungus-Advanced Genome Mining Tools for Novel Bioactive Substances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1837. [PMID: 36145585 PMCID: PMC9505985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal species have the capability of producing an overwhelming diversity of bioactive substances that can have beneficial but also detrimental effects on human health. These so-called secondary metabolites naturally serve as antimicrobial "weapon systems", signaling molecules or developmental effectors for fungi and hence are produced only under very specific environmental conditions or stages in their life cycle. However, as these complex conditions are difficult or even impossible to mimic in laboratory settings, only a small fraction of the true chemical diversity of fungi is known so far. This also implies that a large space for potentially new pharmaceuticals remains unexplored. We here present an overview on current developments in advanced methods that can be used to explore this chemical space. We focus on genetic and genomic methods, how to detect genes that harbor the blueprints for the production of these compounds (i.e., biosynthetic gene clusters, BGCs), and ways to activate these silent chromosomal regions. We provide an in-depth view of the chromatin-level regulation of BGCs and of the potential to use the CRISPR/Cas technology as an activation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Strauss
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-3430 Tulln/Donau, Austria
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Genome Features and AntiSMASH Analysis of an Endophytic Strain Fusarium sp. R1. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060521. [PMID: 35736454 PMCID: PMC9229708 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are one of the most prolific sources of functional biomolecules with therapeutic potential. Besides playing an important role in serious plant diseases, Fusarium strains possess the powerful capability to produce a diverse array of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). In order to in-depth mine gene clusters for SM biosynthesis of the genus Fusarium, an endophytic strain Fusarium sp. R1 isolated from Rumex madaio Makino was extensively investigated by whole-genome sequencing and in-depth bioinformatic analysis, as well as antiSMASH annotation. The results displayed that strain R1 harbors a total of 51.8 Mb genome, which consists of 542 contigs with an N50 scaffold length of 3.21 Mb and 50.4% GC content. Meanwhile, 19,333 functional protein-coding genes, 338 tRNA and 111 rRNA were comprehensively predicted and highly annotated using various BLAST databases including non-redundant (Nr) protein sequence, nucleotide (Nt) sequence, Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), as well as Pathogen Host Interactions (PHI) and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases. Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell (AntiSMASH) results showed that strain R1 has 37 SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including 17 nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), 13 polyketide synthetases (PKSs), 3 terpene synthases (Ts), 3 hybrid NRPS + PKS and 1 hybrid indole + NRPS. These findings improve our knowledge of the molecular biology of the genus Fusarium and would promote the discovery of new bioactive SMs from strain R1 using gene mining strategies including gene knockout and heteroexpression.
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Pedersen TB, Nielsen MR, Kristensen SB, Spedtsberg EML, Sørensen T, Petersen C, Muff J, Sondergaard TE, Nielsen KL, Wimmer R, Gardiner DM, Sørensen JL. Speed dating for enzymes! Finding the perfect phosphopantetheinyl transferase partner for your polyketide synthase. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:9. [PMID: 35012550 PMCID: PMC8751348 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathways for the fungal polyketides bikaverin and bostrycoidin, from Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium solani respectively, were reconstructed and heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae alongside seven different phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) from a variety of origins spanning bacterial, yeast and fungal origins. In order to gauge the efficiency of the interaction between the ACP-domains of the polyketide synthases (PKS) and PPTases, each were co-expressed individually and the resulting production of target polyketides were determined after 48 h of growth. In co-expression with both biosynthetic pathways, the PPTase from Fusarium verticillioides (FvPPT1) proved most efficient at producing both bikaverin and bostrycoidin, at 1.4 mg/L and 5.9 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, the remaining PPTases showed the ability to interact with both PKS's, except for a single PKS-PPTase combination. The results indicate that it is possible to boost the production of a target polyketide, simply by utilizing a more optimal PPTase partner, instead of the commonly used PPTases; NpgA, Gsp and Sfp, from Aspergillus nidulans, Brevibacillus brevis and Bacillus subtilis respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bruun Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Eva Mie Lang Spedtsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Trine Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Celine Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Muff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kåre Lehmann Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Donald Max Gardiner
- The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark.
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10
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Christiansen JV, Isbrandt T, Petersen C, Sondergaard TE, Nielsen MR, Pedersen TB, Sørensen JL, Larsen TO, Frisvad JC. Fungal quinones: diversity, producers, and applications of quinones from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8157-8193. [PMID: 34625822 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quinones represent an important group of highly structurally diverse, mainly polyketide-derived secondary metabolites widely distributed among filamentous fungi. Many quinones have been reported to have important biological functions such as inhibition of bacteria or repression of the immune response in insects. Other quinones, such as ubiquinones are known to be essential molecules in cellular respiration, and many quinones are known to protect their producing organisms from exposure to sunlight. Most recently, quinones have also attracted a lot of industrial interest since their electron-donating and -accepting properties make them good candidates as electrolytes in redox flow batteries, like their often highly conjugated double bond systems make them attractive as pigments. On an industrial level, quinones are mainly synthesized from raw components in coal tar. However, the possibility of producing quinones by fungal cultivation has great prospects since fungi can often be grown in industrially scaled bioreactors, producing valuable metabolites on cheap substrates. In order to give a better overview of the secondary metabolite quinones produced by and shared between various fungi, mainly belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium, this review categorizes quinones into families such as emodins, fumigatins, sorbicillinoids, yanuthones, and xanthomegnins, depending on structural similarities and information about the biosynthetic pathway from which they are derived, whenever applicable. The production of these quinone families is compared between the different genera, based on recently revised taxonomy. KEY POINTS: • Quinones represent an important group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in important fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium. • Quinones are of industrial interest and can be used in pharmacology, as colorants and pigments, and as electrolytes in redox flow batteries. • Quinones are grouped into families and compared between genera according to the revised taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Christiansen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Isbrandt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T E Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M R Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - T B Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - J L Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - T O Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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11
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Wang W, Zheng G, Lu Y. Recent Advances in Strategies for the Cloning of Natural Product Biosynthetic Gene Clusters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:692797. [PMID: 34327194 PMCID: PMC8314000 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.692797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial natural products (NPs) are a major source of pharmacological agents. Most NPs are synthesized from specific biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). With the rapid increase of sequenced microbial genomes, large numbers of NP BGCs have been discovered, regarded as a treasure trove of novel bioactive compounds. However, many NP BGCs are silent in native hosts under laboratory conditions. In order to explore their therapeutic potential, a main route is to activate these silent NP BGCs in heterologous hosts. To this end, the first step is to accurately and efficiently capture these BGCs. In the past decades, a large number of effective technologies for cloning NP BGCs have been established, which has greatly promoted drug discovery research. Herein, we describe recent advances in strategies for BGC cloning, with a focus on the preparation of high-molecular-weight DNA fragment, selection and optimization of vectors used for carrying large-size DNA, and methods for assembling targeted DNA fragment and appropriate vector. The future direction into novel, universal, and high-efficiency methods for cloning NP BGCs is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guosong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinhua Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Kristensen SB, Pedersen TB, Nielsen MR, Wimmer R, Muff J, Sørensen JL. Production and Selectivity of Key Fusarubins from Fusarium solani due to Media Composition. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:376. [PMID: 34070644 PMCID: PMC8230112 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products display a large structural variation and different uses within a broad spectrum of industries. In this study, we investigate the influence of carbohydrates and nitrogen sources on the production and selectivity of production of four different polyketides produced by Fusarium solani, fusarubin, javanicin, bostrycoidin and anhydrofusarubin. We introduce four different carbohydrates and two types of nitrogen sources. Hereafter, a full factorial design was applied using combinations of three levels of sucrose and three levels of the two types of nitrogen. Each combination displayed different selectivity and production yields for all the compounds of interest. Response surface design was utilized to investigate possible maximum yields for the surrounding combinations of media. It was also shown that the maximum yields were not always the ones illustrating high selectivity, which is an important factor for making purification steps easier. We visualized the production over time for one of the media types, illustrating high yields and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Birkedal Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (S.B.K.); (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Tobias Bruun Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (S.B.K.); (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (S.B.K.); (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Jens Muff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (S.B.K.); (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (S.B.K.); (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (J.M.)
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