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Son RH, Kim MI, Kim HM, Guo S, Lee DH, Lim GM, Kim SM, Kim JY, Kim CY. Potential of Lycii Radicis Cortex as an Ameliorative Agent for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:462. [PMID: 38675422 PMCID: PMC11054743 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC) is a traditional medicine in East Asia with various beneficial effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and anti-depressant properties. However, its potential effects on skeletal muscle atrophy have not been studied. In this study, the protective effects of LRC extract (LRCE) on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy were investigated in C2C12 myotubes and mice. We evaluated the effect of LRCE on improving muscle atrophy using a variety of methods, including immunofluorescence staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot, measurements of oxidative stress, apoptosis, ATP levels, and muscle tissue analysis. The results showed that LRCE improved myotube diameter, fusion index, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, mitochondrial content, ATP levels, expression of myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC), and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotubes. LRCE also enhanced protein synthesis and reduced protein degradation in the myotubes. In mice treated with DEX, LRCE restored calf thickness, decreased mRNA levels of muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1) and atrogin-1, and increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mRNA level. Moreover, LRCE also repaired gastrocnemius muscle atrophy caused by DEX. Although human studies are not available, various preclinical studies have identified potential protective effects of LRCE against muscle atrophy, suggesting that it could be utilized in the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rak Ho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (R.H.S.); (H.M.K.); (S.G.); (D.H.L.); (G.M.L.)
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myeong Il Kim
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (R.H.S.); (H.M.K.); (S.G.); (D.H.L.); (G.M.L.)
| | - Shuo Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (R.H.S.); (H.M.K.); (S.G.); (D.H.L.); (G.M.L.)
| | - Do Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (R.H.S.); (H.M.K.); (S.G.); (D.H.L.); (G.M.L.)
| | - Gyu Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (R.H.S.); (H.M.K.); (S.G.); (D.H.L.); (G.M.L.)
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 88 Dongnae-ro, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (R.H.S.); (H.M.K.); (S.G.); (D.H.L.); (G.M.L.)
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (R.H.S.); (H.M.K.); (S.G.); (D.H.L.); (G.M.L.)
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Takahashi A, Honda Y, Tanaka N, Miyake J, Maeda S, Kataoka H, Sakamoto J, Okita M. Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation Prevents Progression of Disuse Muscle Atrophy via Forkhead Box O Dynamics Mediated by Phosphorylated Protein Kinase B and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Coactivator-1alpha. Physiol Res 2024; 73:105-115. [PMID: 38466009 PMCID: PMC11019614 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) of skeletal muscle effectively prevents muscle atrophy, its effect on the breakdown of muscle component proteins is unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological mechanisms by which EMS-induced muscle contraction inhibits disuse muscle atrophy progression. Experimental animals were divided into a control group and three experimental groups: immobilized (Im; immobilization treatment), low-frequency (LF; immobilization treatment and low-frequency muscle contraction exercise), and high-frequency (HF; immobilization treatment and high-frequency muscle contraction exercise). Following the experimental period, bilateral soleus muscles were collected and analyzed. Atrogin-1 and Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF-1) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher for the experimental groups than for the control group but were significantly lower for the HF group than for the Im group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNA and protein expression levels in the HF group were significantly higher than those in the Im group, with no significant differences compared to the Con group. Both the Forkhead box O (FoxO)/phosphorylated FoxO and protein kinase B (AKT)/phosphorylated AKT ratios were significantly lower for the Im group than for the control group and significantly higher for the HF group than for the Im group. These results, the suppression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression for the HF group may be due to decreased nuclear expression of FoxO by AKT phosphorylation and suppression of FoxO transcriptional activity by PGC-1alpha. Furthermore, the number of muscle contractions might be important for effective EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (Health Sciences), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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3
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Wang S, Shi M, Zhang Y, Niu J, Li W, Yuan J, Cai C, Yang Y, Gao P, Guo X, Li B, Lu C, Cao G. Construction of LncRNA-Related ceRNA Networks in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Jinfen White Pigs at Different Developmental Stages. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:340-354. [PMID: 38248324 PMCID: PMC10814722 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of skeletal muscle in pigs might determine the quality of pork. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play an important role in skeletal muscle growth and development. In this study, we investigated the whole transcriptome of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of Jinfen White pigs at three developmental stages (1, 90, and 180 days) and performed a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs, mRNAs, and micro-RNAs (miRNAs), aiming to find the key regulators and interaction networks in Jinfen White pigs. A total of 2638 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) and 982 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) were identified. Compared with JFW_1d, there were 497 up-regulated and 698 down-regulated DE mRNAs and 212 up-regulated and 286 down-regulated DE lncRNAs in JFW_90d, respectively. In JFW_180d, there were 613 up-regulated and 895 down-regulated DE mRNAs and 184 up-regulated and 131 down-regulated DE lncRNAs compared with JFW_1d. There were 615 up-regulated and 477 down-regulated DE mRNAs and 254 up-regulated and 355 down-regulated DE lncRNAs in JFW_180d compared with JFW_90d. Compared with mRNA, lncRNA has fewer exons, fewer ORFs, and a shorter length. We performed GO and KEGG pathway functional enrichment analysis for DE mRNAs and the potential target genes of DE lncRNAs. As a result, several pathways are involved in muscle growth and development, such as the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, hedgehog, and hippo signaling pathways. These are among the pathways through which mRNA and lncRNAs function. As part of this study, bioinformatic screening was used to identify miRNAs and DE lncRNAs that could act as ceRNAs. Finally, we constructed an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulation network containing 26 mRNAs, 7 miRNAs, and 17 lncRNAs; qRT-PCR was used to verify the key genes in these networks. Among these, XLOC_022984/miR-127/ENAH and XLOC_016847/miR-486/NRF1 may function as key ceRNA networks. In this study, we obtained transcriptomic profiles from the LDM of Jinfen White pigs at three developmental stages and screened out lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks that may provide crucial information for the further exploration of the molecular mechanisms during skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang Lu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu 030801, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.N.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (Y.Y.); (P.G.); (X.G.); (B.L.)
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu 030801, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.N.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (Y.Y.); (P.G.); (X.G.); (B.L.)
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4
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Ferreira RP, Duarte JA. Protein Turnover in Skeletal Muscle: Looking at Molecular Regulation towards an Active Lifestyle. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:763-777. [PMID: 36854391 DOI: 10.1055/a-2044-8277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, able to change its mass and functional properties in response to several stimuli. Skeletal muscle mass is influenced by the balance between protein synthesis and breakdown, which is regulated by several signaling pathways. The relative contribution of Akt/mTOR signaling, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, autophagy among other signaling pathways to protein turnover and, therefore, to skeletal muscle mass, differs depending on the wasting or loading condition and muscle type. By modulating mitochondria biogenesis, PGC-1α has a major role in the cell's bioenergetic status and, thus, on protein turnover. In fact, rates of protein turnover regulate differently the levels of distinct protein classes in response to atrophic or hypertrophic stimuli. Mitochondrial protein turnover rates may be enhanced in wasting conditions, whereas the increased turnover of myofibrillar proteins triggers muscle mass gain. The present review aims to update the knowledge on the molecular pathways implicated in the regulation of protein turnover in skeletal muscle, focusing on how distinct muscle proteins may be modulated by lifestyle interventions with emphasis on exercise training. The comprehensive analysis of the anabolic effects of exercise programs will pave the way to the tailored management of muscle wasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pinho Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jose Alberto Duarte
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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5
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Tichy ED, Lee JH, Li G, Estep KN, Brad Johnson F, Mourkioti F. Impacts of radiation exposure, hindlimb unloading, and recovery on murine skeletal muscle cell telomere length. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:76. [PMID: 37714858 PMCID: PMC10504369 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts are exposed to harsh conditions, including cosmic radiation and microgravity. Spaceflight elongates human telomeres in peripheral blood, which shorten upon return to Earth and approach baseline levels during postflight recovery. Astronauts also encounter muscle atrophy, losing up to 20% loss of muscle mass on spaceflights. Telomere length changes in muscle cells of astronauts remain unexplored. This study investigates telomere alterations in grounded mice experiencing radiation exposure and muscle atrophy, via a hindlimb unloading spaceflight mimicking model. We find telomere lengthening is present in muscle stem cells and in myofiber nuclei, but not in muscle-resident endothelial cells. We further assessed telomere length in the model following hindlimb unloading recovery. We find that telomere length failed to return to baseline values. Our results suggest a role for telomeres in muscle acclimatization, which is relevant for the well-being of astronauts in space, and upon their return to Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Grant Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katrina N Estep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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6
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Ohno Y, Nakatani M, Ito T, Matsui Y, Ando K, Suda Y, Ohashi K, Yokoyama S, Goto K. Activation of Lactate Receptor Positively Regulates Skeletal Muscle Mass in Mice. Physiol Res 2023; 72:465-473. [PMID: 37795889 PMCID: PMC10634564 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), a selective receptor for lactate, expresses in skeletal muscle cells, but the physiological role of GPR81 in skeletal muscle has not been fully elucidated. As it has been reported that the lactate administration induces muscle hypertrophy, the stimulation of GPR81 has been suggested to mediate muscle hypertrophy. To clarify the contribution of GPR81 activation in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, in the present study, we investigated the effect of GPR81 agonist administration on skeletal muscle mass in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and GPR81 agonist-administered group that received oral administration of the specific GPR81 agonist 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (CHBA). In both fast-twitch plantaris and slow-twitch soleus muscles of mice, the protein expression of GPR81 was observed. Oral administration of CHBA to mice significantly increased absolute muscle weight and muscle weight relative to body weight in the two muscles. Moreover, both absolute and relative muscle protein content in the two muscles were significantly increased by CHBA administration. CHBA administration also significantly upregulated the phosphorylation level of p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK). These observations suggest that activation of GRP81 stimulates increased the mass of two types of skeletal muscle in mice in vivo. Lactate receptor GPR81 may positively affect skeletal muscle mass through activation of ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohno
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai, Japan.
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Chen X, Ji Y, Liu R, Zhu X, Wang K, Yang X, Liu B, Gao Z, Huang Y, Shen Y, Liu H, Sun H. Mitochondrial dysfunction: roles in skeletal muscle atrophy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:503. [PMID: 37495991 PMCID: PMC10373380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and skeletal muscle health, and damage to mitochondria can lead to a series of pathophysiological changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy, and its molecular mechanism leading to skeletal muscle atrophy is complex. Understanding the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction is useful for the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy, and finding drugs and methods to target and modulate mitochondrial function are urgent tasks in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we first discussed the roles of normal mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Importantly, we described the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on skeletal muscle atrophy and the molecular mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the regulatory roles of different signaling pathways (AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α, IGF-1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR, FoxOs, JAK-STAT3, TGF-β-Smad2/3 and NF-κB pathways, etc.) and the roles of mitochondrial factors were investigated in mitochondrial dysfunction. Next, we analyzed the manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle atrophy caused by different diseases. Finally, we summarized the preventive and therapeutic effects of targeted regulation of mitochondrial function on skeletal muscle atrophy, including drug therapy, exercise and diet, gene therapy, stem cell therapy and physical therapy. This review is of great significance for the holistic understanding of the important role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle, which is helpful for researchers to further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy, and has an important inspiring role for the development of therapeutic strategies for muscle atrophy targeting mitochondria in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 55 Ninghai Middle Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Tanaka S, Inaoka PT, Madokoro S, Yamazaki T. Development of Connective Tissue Area Increases by Initial Impact With High-Intensity Exercise After Reloading in Rat Soleus Muscle. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 102:588-596. [PMID: 36730065 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to clarify whether high-intensity exercise in atrophied skeletal muscle after reloading (1) increases the injury and promotes the development of the muscle connective tissue area in the soleus muscle and (2) delays muscle strength recovery. DESIGN Rats had their hindlimbs suspended for 14 days followed by hindlimb reloading and squat exercise of 30% or 70%-one-repetition maximum exercise until 14 days of reloading. The influences of reloading and exercise in muscles were examined by histological and immunofluorescence analyses based on the exercise load. RESULTS Seventy percent-one-repetition maximum exercise increased the extramyofiber area more than the control group and the central nuclear fiber number than the other groups after 7 days of reloading. Seventy percent-one-repetition maximum exercise resulted in a larger muscle connective tissue area than the control and reload groups after 14 days of reloading. Myogenin and M2-type macrophages after 7 days of reloading increased by reloading but were not increased by the exercise load. CONCLUSIONS Seventy percent-one-repetition maximum exercise to atrophied muscle increased injury early in postreloading and increased the muscle connective tissue area after 14 days of reloading, but evidence that it delays muscle strength recovery was lacking. Therefore, muscle connective tissue area induced by high-intensity exercise after reloading seems to be associated with initial exercise damage but not with repetition over 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Tanaka
- From the Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Zhao X, Wang G, Han H, Zhou Y, Feng J, Zhang M. Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia on Skeletal Muscle Growth in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1926. [PMID: 37370436 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia, one of the most polluted gases in poultry houses, has always been an urgent problem to solve. Exposure to ammonia can threaten the respiratory tract, induce inflammation, and decrease growth performance. To date, there are few studies investigating the effects of ammonia on skeletal muscle growth. In this experiment, a total of 144 broilers were randomly divided into two groups, and 0 ppm and 35 ppm atmospheric ammonia were administered in the chambers. The trial lasted for 21 days. The breast muscle, thigh muscle, dressed weight, and serum biochemical indexes were measured. The skeletal muscle fibre morphology was observed using light microscopy, and the expressions of genes associated with skeletal muscle development and myosin heavy chain genes were assessed. After 7 days of ammonia exposure, the broilers' weight in the ammonia group decreased. On the 21st day of the experiment, in the ammonia group, the breast muscle weight, thigh muscle weight, and dressed weight decreased, the blood urea nitrogen content increased, skeletal muscle fibre diameter shortened, the expression of myostatin increased, and the expression of myosin heavy chain-FWM and myosin heavy chain-FRM decreased significantly. This article suggests that 35 ppm atmospheric ammonia seriously affects the skeletal muscle gain rate of broilers, and the myostatin pathway could be a potential regulation of the growth rate of muscle fibre under ammonia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinghai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Lee H, Jeong JH, Hwang SH, Yeon SH, Ryu JH. A Lignan from Alnus japonica Activates Myogenesis and Alleviates Dexamethasone-induced Myotube Atrophy. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:484-492. [PMID: 35789994 DOI: 10.1055/a-1891-3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To find inhibitors against skeletal muscle loss, we isolated a lignan compound ((-)-(2R,3R-1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolarciresinol, DFS) from the stem of Alnus japonica. C2C12 myoblasts were treated with DFS during differentiation. To induce an in vitro atrophic condition, differentiated myotubes were treated with dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid). DFS (10 nM) increased expression levels of myogenic factors and the number of multi-nucleated myotubes expressing myosin heavy chain (MHC). The myogenic potential of DFS could be attributed to p38 MAPK activation. DFS also protected against dexamethasone-induced damage, showing increased expression of MHC and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major anabolic factor. Under atrophic condition, the anti-myopathy effect of DFS was associated with inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the subsequent suppression of muscle degradative E3 ligases and myostatin. DFS treatment also restored fast muscle fiber (type II a, II b, and II x), known to be susceptible to dexamethasone. These results indicate that DFS isolated from A. japonica can stimulate myogenesis via p38 MAPK activation and alleviate muscle atrophy by modulating the expression of genes associated with muscle protein anabolism/catabolism. Thus, we propose that DFS can be used as a pharmacological and nutraceutical agent for increasing muscle strength or protecting muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Miyachi R, Morita Y, Yamazaki T. Division of loading time in reloading the disused atrophic soleus muscle induces proximal muscle injury. J Phys Ther Sci 2023; 35:193-198. [PMID: 36866019 PMCID: PMC9974327 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.35.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to compare the effects of loading time division in reloading atrophied muscles in different muscle long-axis regions. [Materials and Methods] We divided 8-week-old male Wistar rats into control (CON), 14-day hindlimb suspension (HS), 7-day hindlimb suspension followed by 60-min reloading for 7 consecutive days (WO), and 7-day hindlimb suspension followed by 60-min reloading on two separate occasions for 7 days (WT) groups. After the experimental period, muscle fibre cross-sectional area and necrotic fibre/central nuclei fibre ratio were measured in the soleus muscle's proximal, middle, and distal regions. [Results] The necrotic fibre/central nuclei fibre ratio was higher in the WT group than in the other groups in the proximal region. Proximal muscle fibre cross-sectional area was higher in the CON group than in the other groups. In the middle region, only HS group had muscle fibre cross-sectional area lower than the CON group. Similarly, muscle fibre cross-sectional area of the HS group was lower than the CON and WT groups in the distal region. [Conclusion] When reloading atrophied muscles, dividing the loading time can inhibit atrophy in the distal region but induce muscle injury in the proximal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyachi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku
University: 1-1 Taiyogaoka, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1180, Japan,Corresponding author. Ryo Miyachi (E-mail: )
| | - Yui Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical,
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
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12
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Warneke K, Keiner M, Hillebrecht M, Schiemann S. Influence of One Hour versus Two Hours of Daily Static Stretching for Six Weeks Using a Calf-Muscle-Stretching Orthosis on Maximal Strength. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11621. [PMID: 36141890 PMCID: PMC9517223 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rebuilding strength capacity is of crucial importance in rehabilitation since significant atrophy due to immobilization after injury and/or surgery can be assumed. To increase maximal strength (MSt), strength training is commonly used. The literature regarding animal studies show that long-lasting static stretching (LStr) interventions can also produce significant improvements in MSt with a dose-response relationship, with stretching times ranging from 30 min to 24 h per day; however, there is limited evidence in human studies. Consequently, the aim of this study is to investigate the dose-response relationship of long-lasting static stretching on MSt. A total of 70 active participants (f = 30, m = 39; age: 27.4 ± 4.4 years; height: 175.8 ± 2.1 cm; and weight: 79.5 ± 5.9 kg) were divided into three groups: IG1 and IG2 both performed unilateral stretching continuously for one (IG1) or two hours (IG2), respectively, per day for six weeks, while the CG served as the non-intervened control. MSt was determined in the plantar flexors in the intervened as well as in the non-intervened control leg to investigate the contralateral force transfer. Two-way ANOVA showed significant interaction effects for MSt in the intervened leg (ƞ2 = 0.325, p < 0.001) and in the contralateral control leg (ƞ2 = 0.123, p = 0.009), dependent upon stretching time. From this, it can be hypothesized that stretching duration had an influence on MSt increases, but both durations were sufficient to induce significant enhancements in MSt. Thus, possible applications in rehabilitation can be assumed, e.g., if no strength training can be performed, atrophy could instead be reduced by performing long-lasting static stretch training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Sport Science, German University of Health & Sport, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
| | - Martin Hillebrecht
- University Sports Center, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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13
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Yoshihara T, Dobashi S, Takaragawa M, Naito H. Effect of losartan treatment on Smad signaling and recovery from hindlimb unloading-induced soleus muscle atrophy in female rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175223. [PMID: 35988789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, exerts protective effect on soleus muscle atrophy in female rats. Thus, we aimed to examine the effect of losartan treatment on the recovery of atrophied soleus muscles. Female Wistar rats were subjected to hindlimb unloading for 7 d and then reloading for 7 d with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; n = 9) or losartan (40 mg/kg/day; n = 9). The soleus muscles were removed at rest (sedentary control [SED]; n = 9), after 7 d of hindlimb unloading (HU; n = 9), and after 7 d of reloading (HUR-PBS or HUR-LOS; n = 9 each). The absolute and relative weights, and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus muscles of rats in the HU group were significantly reduced as compared to those of the rats in the SED group at 7 d post-hindlimb unloading. Seven days of reloading significantly increased the muscle weights of rats in the HUR-PBS and HUR-LOS groups, with the recovery rate of the absolute muscle weight and type I fiber CSA being significantly higher in the HUR-LOS group (6.1% and 10.1%, respectively) than in the HUR-PBS group (4.7% and 5.2%, respectively) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the absolute and relative muscle weight in HUR-PBS were lower than SED; however, no significant difference was observed between the SED and HUR-LOS groups. CSAs of type I and IIa fiber were significantly higher in the HUR-LOS group than in the HU group. Losartan administration during reloading resulted in increased Smad1/5/8 and mTOR signaling and decreased Smad2/3 signaling and protein ubiquitination, facilitating the recovery of atrophied soleus muscle. Therefore, losartan administration-induced muscle recovery may partially be attributed to enhanced Smad1/5/8 and mTOR signaling activation, and reduced activation of canonical TGF-β signaling (Smad2/3) in the soleus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Shohei Dobashi
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takaragawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Prevention of muscle atrophy in ICU patients without nerve injury by neuromuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:780. [PMID: 35974369 PMCID: PMC9380284 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive muscle atrophy is a common occurrence in orthopaedics patients who are bedridden or immobilized. The incidence is higher in intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients. There is still controversy about how to use neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in ICU patients. We aim to compare the effectiveness and safety of NMES to prevent muscle atrophy in intensive care unit (ICU) patients without nerve injury. Methods ICU patients without central and peripheral nerve injury were randomized into experimental group I (Exp I: active and passive activity training (APAT) + NMES treatment on the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle), experimental group II (Exp II: APAT + NMES treatment on gastrocnemius alone), and control group (Ctl: APAT alone). Changes in the strength of gastrocnemius, the ankle range of motion, and the muscle cross-section area of the lower leg were evaluated before and after the intervention. Also, changes in prothrombin time, lactic acid, and C-reactive protein were monitored during the treatment. Results The gastrocnemius muscle strength, ankle joint range of motion, and cross-sectional muscle area of the lower leg in the three groups showed a downward trend, indicating that the overall trend of muscle atrophy in ICU patients was irreversible. The decrease in gastrocnemius muscle strength in Exp I and Exp II was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between Exp I and Exp II. The decrease in active ankle range of motion and cross-sectional area of the lower leg Exp I and Exp II was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the decrease in Exp I was smaller than that of Exp II (all P < 0.05). The curative effect in Exp I was better than in Exp II. There were no significant differences in the dynamic changes of prothrombin time, lactic acid, and C-reactive protein during the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion In addition to early exercise training, NMES should be applied to prevent muscle atrophy for patients without nerve injury in ICU. Also, simultaneous NMES treatment on agonist/antagonist muscle can enhance the effect of preventing muscle atrophy. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered in China Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) on 16/05/2020 as ChiCTR2000032950.
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15
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Jia H, Yamashita T, Li X, Kato H. Laurel Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy In Vitro and in a Rat Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102029. [PMID: 35631169 PMCID: PMC9143575 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of muscle atrophy contributes to improved quality of life and life expectancy. In this study, we investigated the effects of laurel, selected from 34 spices and herbs, on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and deciphered the underlying mechanisms. Co-treatment of C2C12 myotubes with laurel for 12 h inhibited the DEX-induced expression of intracellular ubiquitin ligases—muscle atrophy F-box (atrogin-1/MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1)—and reduction in myotube diameter. Male Wistar rats were supplemented with 2% laurel for 17 days, with DEX-induced skeletal muscle atrophy occurring in the last 3 days. Laurel supplementation inhibited the mRNA expression of MuRF1, regulated DNA damage and development 1 (Redd1), and forkhead box class O 1 (Foxo1) in the muscles of rats. Mechanistically, we evaluated the effects of laurel on the cellular proteolysis machinery—namely, the ubiquitin/proteasome system and autophagy—and the mTOR signaling pathway, which regulates protein synthesis. These data indicated that the amelioration of DEX-induced skeletal muscle atrophy induced by laurel, is mainly mediated by the transcriptional inhibition of downstream factors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Thus, laurel may be a potential food ingredient that prevents muscle atrophy.
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16
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Pei X, Yan R, Jiang G, Qi T, Jin H, Dong S, Feng G. Non-Invasive Muscular Atrophy Causes Evaluation for Limb Fracture Based on Flexible Surface Electromyography System. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072640. [PMID: 35408254 PMCID: PMC9003361 DOI: 10.3390/s22072640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Muscular atrophy after limb fracture is a frequently occurring complication with multiple causes. Different treatments and targeted rehabilitation procedures should be carried out based on the causes. However, bedside evaluation methods are invasive in clinical practice nowadays, lacking reliable non-invasive methods. In this study, we propose a non-invasive flexible surface electromyography system with machine learning algorithms to distinguish nerve-injury and limb immobilization-related atrophy. First, a flexible surface electromyography sensor was designed and verified by in vitro tests for its robustness and flexibility. Then, in vivo tests on rats proved the reliability compared with the traditional invasive diagnosis method. Finally, this system was applied for the diagnosis of muscular atrophy in 10 patients. The flexible surface electromyography sensor can achieve a max strain of 12.0%, which ensures close contact with the skin. The in vivo tests on rats show great comparability with the traditional invasive diagnosis method. It can achieve a high specificity of 95.28% and sensitivity of 98.98%. Application on patients reaches a relatively high specificity of 89.44% and sensitivity of 91.94%. The proposed painless surface electromyography system can be an easy and accurate supplementary for bedside muscular atrophy causes evaluation, holding excellent contact with the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiachuan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.P.); (H.J.); (S.D.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (G.J.); (T.Q.); (G.F.)
| | - Ruijian Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (G.J.); (T.Q.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (G.J.); (T.Q.); (G.F.)
| | - Tianyu Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (G.J.); (T.Q.); (G.F.)
| | - Hao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.P.); (H.J.); (S.D.)
- International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.P.); (H.J.); (S.D.)
- International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (G.J.); (T.Q.); (G.F.)
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17
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Chen MM, Zhao YP, Zhao Y, Deng SL, Yu K. Regulation of Myostatin on the Growth and Development of Skeletal Muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:785712. [PMID: 35004684 PMCID: PMC8740192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.785712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, can negatively regulate the growth and development of skeletal muscle by autocrine or paracrine signaling. Mutation of the myostatin gene under artificial or natural conditions can lead to a significant increase in muscle quality and produce a double-muscle phenotype. Here, we review the similarities and differences between myostatin and other members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and the mechanisms of myostatin self-regulation. In addition, we focus extensively on the regulation of myostatin functions involved in myogenic differentiation, myofiber type conversion, and skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Also, we summarize the induction of reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress by myostatin in skeletal muscle. This review of recent insights into the function of myostatin will provide reference information for future studies of myostatin-regulated skeletal muscle formation and may have relevance to agricultural fields of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Yi X, Tao J, Qian Y, Feng F, Hu X, Xu T, Jin H, Ruan H, Zheng HF, Tong P. Morroniside ameliorates inflammatory skeletal muscle atrophy via inhibiting canonical and non-canonical NF-κB and regulating protein synthesis/degradation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1056460. [PMID: 36618945 PMCID: PMC9816435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1056460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
No drug options exist for skeletal muscle atrophy in clinical, which poses a huge socio-economic burden, making development on drug interventions a general wellbeing need. Patients with a variety of pathologic conditions associated with skeletal muscle atrophy have systemically elevated inflammatory factors. Morroniside, derived from medicinal herb Cornus officinalis, possesses anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether and how morroniside combat muscle atrophy remain unknown. Here, we identified crucial genetic associations between TNFα/NF-κB pathway and grip strength based on population using 377,807 European participants from the United Kingdom Biobank dataset. Denervation increased TNFα in atrophying skeletal muscles, which inhibited myotube formation in vitro. Notably, morroniside treatment rescued TNFα-induced myotube atrophy in vitro and impeded skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo, resulting in increased body/muscles weights, No. of satellite cells, size of type IIA, IIX and IIB myofibers, and percentage of type IIA myofibers in denervated mice. Mechanistically, in vitro and/or in vivo studies demonstrated that morroniside could not only inhibit canonical and non-canonical NF-κB, inflammatory mediators (IL6, IL-1b, CRP, NIRP3, PTGS2, TNFα), but also down-regulate protein degradation signals (Follistatin, Myostatin, ALK4/5/7, Smad7/3), ubiquitin-proteasome molecules (FoxO3, Atrogin-1, MuRF1), autophagy-lysosomal molecules (Bnip3, LC3A, and LC3B), while promoting protein synthesis signals (IGF-1/IGF-1R/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, and BMP14/BMPR2/ALK2/3/Smad5/9). Moreover, morroniside had no obvious liver and kidney toxicity. This human genetic, cells and mice pathological evidence indicates that morroniside is an efficacious and safe inflammatory muscle atrophy treatment and suggests its translational potential on muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiao Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Taotao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Tong, ; Hou-Feng Zheng, ; Hongfeng Ruan,
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Tong, ; Hou-Feng Zheng, ; Hongfeng Ruan,
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Tong, ; Hou-Feng Zheng, ; Hongfeng Ruan,
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Sharlo K, Tyganov SA, Tomilovskaya E, Popov DV, Saveko AA, Shenkman BS. Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010468. [PMID: 35008893 PMCID: PMC8745071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of changing its structural parameters, metabolic rate and functional characteristics within a wide range when adapting to various loading regimens and states of the organism. Prolonged muscle inactivation leads to serious negative consequences that affect the quality of life and work capacity of people. This review examines various conditions that lead to decreased levels of muscle loading and activity and describes the key molecular mechanisms of muscle responses to these conditions. It also details the theoretical foundations of various methods preventing adverse muscle changes caused by decreased motor activity and describes these methods. A number of recent studies presented in this review make it possible to determine the molecular basis of the countermeasure methods used in rehabilitation and space medicine for many years, as well as to identify promising new approaches to rehabilitation and to form a holistic understanding of the mechanisms of gravity force control over the muscular system.
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20
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Molecular and Metabolic Mechanism of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Improving Muscle Atrophy in Hindlimb Unloading Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212112. [PMID: 34829990 PMCID: PMC8625684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been proved to promote the proliferation of myoblast C2C12. However, whether LIPUS can effectively prevent muscle atrophy has not been clarified, and if so, what is the possible mechanism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of LIPUS on muscle atrophy in hindlimb unloading rats, and explore the mechanisms. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (NC), hindlimb unloading group (UL), hindlimb unloading plus 30 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation group (UL + 30 mW/cm2), hindlimb unloading plus 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation group (UL + 80 mW/cm2). The tails of rats in hindlimb unloading group were suspended for 28 days. The rats in the LIPUS treated group were simultaneously irradiated with LIPUS on gastrocnemius muscle in both lower legs at the sound intensity of 30 mW/cm2 or 80 mW/cm2 for 20 min/d for 28 days. C2C12 cells were exposed to LIPUS at 30 or 80 mW/cm2 for 5 days. The results showed that LIPUS significantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of myoblast C2C12, and prevented the decrease of cross-sectional area of muscle fiber and gastrocnemius mass in hindlimb unloading rats. LIPUS also significantly down regulated the expression of MSTN and its receptors ActRIIB, and up-regulated the expression of Akt and mTOR in gastrocnemius muscle of hindlimb unloading rats. In addition, three metabolic pathways (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism) were selected as important metabolic pathways for hindlimb unloading effect. However, LIPUS promoted the stability of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathway. These results suggest that the key mechanism of LIPUS in preventing muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading may be related to promoting protein synthesis through MSTN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and stabilizing alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
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21
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Mancinelli R, Checcaglini F, Coscia F, Gigliotti P, Fulle S, Fanò-Illic G. Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8520. [PMID: 34445222 PMCID: PMC8395159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, clear evidence has emerged that the cellular components of skeletal muscle are important sites for the release of proteins and peptides called "myokines", suggesting that skeletal muscle plays the role of a secretory organ. After their secretion by muscles, these factors serve many biological functions, including the exertion of complex autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects. In sum, myokines affect complex multi-organ processes, such as skeletal muscle trophism, metabolism, angiogenesis and immunological response to different physiological (physical activity, aging, etc.) or pathological states (cachexia, dysmetabolic conditions, chronic inflammation, etc.). The aim of this review is to describe in detail a number of myokines that are, to varying degrees, involved in skeletal muscle aging processes and belong to the group of proteins present in the functional environment surrounding the muscle cell known as the "Niche". The particular myokines described are those that, acting both from within the cell and in an autocrine manner, have a defined relationship with the modulation of oxidative stress in muscle cells (mature or stem) involved in the regulatory (metabolic or regenerative) processes of muscle aging. Myostatin, IGF-1, NGF, S100 and irisin are examples of specific myokines that have peculiar features in their mechanisms of action. In particular, the potential role of one of the most recently characterized myokines-irisin, directly linked to an active lifestyle-in reducing if not reversing senescence-induced oxidative damage is discussed in terms of its possible application as an agent able to counteract the deleterious effects of muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Franco Checcaglini
- Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Coscia
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Sport Physiology, University of Perugia, 39038 San Candido-Innichen, Italy; (F.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gigliotti
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Sport Physiology, University of Perugia, 39038 San Candido-Innichen, Italy; (F.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fanò-Illic
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, 35100 Padova, Italy
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22
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Nutraceuticals in the Prevention and Treatment of the Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061914. [PMID: 34199575 PMCID: PMC8227811 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance of protein homeostasis, with excessive protein degradation compared with protein synthesis, leads to the development of muscle atrophy resulting in a decrease in muscle mass and consequent muscle weakness and disability. Potential triggers of muscle atrophy include inflammation, malnutrition, aging, cancer, and an unhealthy lifestyle such as sedentariness and high fat diet. Nutraceuticals with preventive and therapeutic effects against muscle atrophy have recently received increasing attention since they are potentially more suitable for long-term use. The implementation of nutraceutical intervention might aid in the development and design of precision medicine strategies to reduce the burden of muscle atrophy. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the importance of nutraceuticals in the prevention of skeletal muscle mass loss and recovery of muscle function. We also highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these nutraceuticals and their possible pharmacological use, which is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.
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23
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Fang WY, Tseng YT, Lee TY, Fu YC, Chang WH, Lo WW, Lin CL, Lo YC. Triptolide prevents LPS-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via inhibiting NF-κB/TNF-α and regulating protein synthesis/degradation pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2998-3016. [PMID: 33788266 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests systemic inflammation-caused skeletal muscle atrophy as a major clinical feature of cachexia. Triptolide obtained from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F possesses potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The present study aims to evaluate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of triptolide on inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of triptolide on skeletal muscle atrophy were investigated in LPS-treated C2C12 myotubes and C57BL/6 mice. Protein expressions and mRNA levels were analysed by western blot and qPCR, respectively. Skeletal muscle mass, volume and strength were measured by histological analysis, micro-CT and grip strength, respectively. Locomotor activity was measured using the open field test. KEY RESULTS Triptolide (10-100 fM) up-regulated protein synthesis signals (IGF-1/p-IGF-1R/IRS-1/p-Akt/p-mTOR) and down-regulated protein degradation signal atrogin-1 in C2C12 myotubes. In LPS (100 ng·ml-1 )-treated C2C12 myotubes, triptolide up-regulated MyHC, IGF-1, p-IGF-1R, IRS-1 and p-Akt. Triptolide also down-regulated ubiquitin-proteasome molecules (n-FoxO3a/atrogin-1/MuRF1), proteasome activity, autophagy-lysosomal molecules (LC3-II/LC3-I and Bnip3) and inflammatory mediators (NF-κB, Cox-2, NLRP3, IL-1β and TNF-α). However, AG1024, an IGF-1R inhibitor, suppressed triptolide-mediated effects on MyHC, myotube diameter, MuRF1 and p62 in LPS-treated C2C12 myotubes. In LPS (1 mg·kg-1 , i.p.)-challenged mice, triptolide (5 and 20 μg·kg-1 ·day-1 , i.p.) decreased plasma TNF-α levels and it increased skeletal muscle volume, cross-sectional area of myofibers, weights of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles, forelimb grip strength and locomotion. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings reveal that triptolide prevented LPS-induced inflammation and skeletal muscle atrophy and have implications for the discovery of novel agents for preventing muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tzu-Ying Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chih Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wen Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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Okada R, Fujita SI, Suzuki R, Hayashi T, Tsubouchi H, Kato C, Sadaki S, Kanai M, Fuseya S, Inoue Y, Jeon H, Hamada M, Kuno A, Ishii A, Tamaoka A, Tanihata J, Ito N, Shiba D, Shirakawa M, Muratani M, Kudo T, Takahashi S. Transcriptome analysis of gravitational effects on mouse skeletal muscles under microgravity and artificial 1 g onboard environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9168. [PMID: 33911096 PMCID: PMC8080648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight causes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength. We set two murine experimental groups in orbit for 35 days aboard the International Space Station, under artificial earth-gravity (artificial 1 g; AG) and microgravity (μg; MG), to investigate whether artificial 1 g exposure prevents muscle atrophy at the molecular level. Our main findings indicated that AG onboard environment prevented changes under microgravity in soleus muscle not only in muscle mass and fiber type composition but also in the alteration of gene expression profiles. In particular, transcriptome analysis suggested that AG condition could prevent the alterations of some atrophy-related genes. We further screened novel candidate genes to reveal the muscle atrophy mechanism from these gene expression profiles. We suggest the potential role of Cacng1 in the atrophy of myotubes using in vitro and in vivo gene transductions. This critical project may accelerate the elucidation of muscle atrophy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Okada
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujita
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Riku Suzuki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirona Tsubouchi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kato
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Master's Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shunya Sadaki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Maho Kanai
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sayaka Fuseya
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuri Inoue
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hyojung Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michito Hamada
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naoki Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Dai Shiba
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Shirakawa
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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25
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Arcaro CA, Assis RP, Oliveira JO, Zanon NM, Paula-Gomes S, Navegantes LCC, Kettelhut IC, Brunetti IL, Baviera AM. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition restrains muscle proteolysis in diabetic rats by activating PKA and EPAC/Akt effectors and inhibiting FoxO factors. Life Sci 2021; 278:119563. [PMID: 33930364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is growing evidence about the ability of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on mitigate muscle atrophy. PDE4 accounts for the major cAMP hydrolyzing activity in skeletal muscles, therefore advances are necessary about the consequences of treatment with PDE4 inhibitors on protein breakdown in atrophied muscles. We postulated that rolipram (selective PDE4 inhibitor) may activate cAMP downstream effectors, inhibiting proteolytic systems in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats. MAIN METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with 2 mg/kg rolipram for 3 days. Changes in the levels of components belonging to the proteolytic machineries in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were investigated, as well as cAMP effectors. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of diabetic rats with rolipram decreased the levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in soleus and EDL, and reduced the activities of calpains and caspase-3; these findings partially explains the low ubiquitin conjugates levels and the decreased proteasome activity. The inhibition of muscle proteolysis may be occurring due to phosphorylation and inhibition of forkhead box O (FoxO) factors, probably as a consequence of the increased cAMP levels, followed by the activation of PKA and Akt effectors. Akt activation may be associated with the increased levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). As a result, rolipram treatment spared muscle mass in diabetic rats. SIGNIFICANCE The antiproteolytic responses associated with PDE4 inhibition may be helpful to motivate future investigations about the repositioning of PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of muscle wasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Arcaro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Pires Assis
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Oriel Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neusa Maria Zanon
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Paula-Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Gallot YS, Bohnert KR. Confounding Roles of ER Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2567. [PMID: 33806433 PMCID: PMC7961896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an essential organ, responsible for many physiological functions such as breathing, locomotion, postural maintenance, thermoregulation, and metabolism. Interestingly, skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, capable of adapting to anabolic and catabolic stimuli. Skeletal muscle contains a specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, composed of an extensive network of tubules. In addition to the role of folding and trafficking proteins within the cell, this specialized organelle is responsible for the regulated release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytoplasm to trigger a muscle contraction. Under various stimuli, such as exercise, hypoxia, imbalances in calcium levels, ER homeostasis is disturbed and the amount of misfolded and/or unfolded proteins accumulates in the ER. This accumulation of misfolded/unfolded protein causes ER stress and leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, the role of the UPR in skeletal muscle has only just begun to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress and UPR markers are drastically induced in various catabolic stimuli including cachexia, denervation, nutrient deprivation, aging, and disease. Evidence indicates some of these molecules appear to be aiding the skeletal muscle in regaining homeostasis whereas others demonstrate the ability to drive the atrophy. Continued investigations into the individual molecules of this complex pathway are necessary to fully understand the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann S. Gallot
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Kyle R. Bohnert
- Kinesiology Department, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, IA 52803, USA
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