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Fernandes RS, Vivas Miranda JG. An agent-based model for studying the temperature changes on environments exposed to magnetic fluid hyperthermia. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108053. [PMID: 38325210 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a technique whose results show promise in the treatment against cancer, but which still faces obstacles such as controlling the spatial distribution of temperature. The present study developed an agent-based model in order to simulate the temperature changes in an aqueous environment submitted to the magnetic fluid hyperthermia technique. The developed model was built with its parameters based on the clinical treatment protocol for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Using thermodynamic properties of magnetic fluid and tissues, we define a specific thermal parameter (α) and evaluate its influence, together with the intensity of the external magnetic field (H), on the dynamics of the temperature of the cancer environment. The temperature evolution generated by the model was in accordance with experimental results known from the subject literature. The parameters evaluation indicates that the temperature stabilization of the tumor environment during MFH treatment is due to the local interactions of energy diffusion, as well as indicating that the α-parameter is a key factor for controlling the temperature and heating speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa S Fernandes
- BioSystems Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environment Physics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - José G Vivas Miranda
- BioSystems Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environment Physics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Wu C, Huang H, Liu Y, Chen L, Yu S, Moser MAJ, Zhang W, Fang Z, Zhang B. Optimal design of aperiodic tri-slot antennas for the conformal ablation of liver tumors using an experimentally validated MWA computer model. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 242:107799. [PMID: 37703699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to demonstrate that the conformal microwave ablation (MWA) of liver tumors could be attained by optimizing the structure of an aperiodic tri-slot coaxial antenna, its insertion depth, and input power. METHODS A computational MWA model with an aperiodic tri-slot coaxial antenna operating at the frequency of 2.45 GHz was built and validated by both an ex vivo and a pilot in vivo experiment with porcine healthy livers. The validated in vivo computational MWA model implemented with a liver tumor was then used as a testbed to investigate the conformal ablation of liver tumors. Five liver tumors in different sizes and shapes were investigated. A genetic algorithm optimization method (NSGA-II) was used to optimize the structure of antenna, insertion depth of antenna, and microwave antenna input power for the conformal ablation of liver tumors. RESULTS The validation results showed that a good agreement in both the spatiotemporal temperature distribution and ablation zone was found between the computer model and the ex vivo experiments at both 45 W, 5 min and 60 W, 3 min treatments and the in vivo experiment at 45 W, 5 min treatment. The optimized simulation results confirmed that five cases of liver tumors in different sizes and shapes can be conformally ablated by optimizing the aperiodic tri-slot coaxial antenna, antenna insertion depth, and microwave antenna input power. CONCLUSION This paper demonstrates that the aperiodic tri-slot coaxial antenna can be optimized with the insertion depth and input power for the conformal ablation of liver tumors, regardless the size and shape of liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- Intelligent Energy-based Tumor Ablation Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hangming Huang
- Intelligent Energy-based Tumor Ablation Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201412, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shuangquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Michael A J Moser
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Intelligent Energy-based Tumor Ablation Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Miaskowski A, Gas P. Numerical Estimation of SAR and Temperature Distributions inside Differently Shaped Female Breast Tumors during Radio-Frequency Ablation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:223. [PMID: 36614561 PMCID: PMC9821952 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radio-frequency (RF) ablation is a reliable technique for the treatment of deep-seated malignant tumors, including breast carcinoma, using high ablative temperatures. The paper aims at a comparative analysis of the specific absorption rate and temperature distribution during RF ablation with regard to different female breast tumors. In the study, four tumor models equivalent to an irregular tumor were considered, i.e., an equivalent sphere and ellipsoid with the same surfaces and volumes as the irregular tumor and an equivalent sphere and ellipsoid inscribed in the irregular tumor. An RF applicator with a specific voltage, operating at 100 kHz inserted into the anatomically correct female breast, was applied as a source of electromagnetically induced heat. A conjugated Laplace equation with the modified Pennes equation was used to obtain the appropriate temperature gradient in the treated area. The levels of power dissipation in terms of the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the naturalistically shaped tumor, together with the temperature profiles of the four simplified tumor models equivalent to the irregular one, were determined. It was suggested that the equivalent tumor models might successfully replace a real, irregularly shaped tumor, and the presented numeric methodology may play an important role in the complex therapeutic RF ablation process of irregularly shaped female breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Miaskowski
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Gas
- Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Rahman AA, Kamardin K, Yamada Y, Takahashi M. Thin Dielectric Lens Antenna for Hyperthermia Therapy Application. 2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RF AND MICROWAVE CONFERENCE (RFM) 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/rfm56185.2022.10065108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Abd Rahman
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,Department of Electronic Systems Engineering,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Kamilia Kamardin
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,Department of Electronic Systems Engineering,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Yoshihide Yamada
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,Department of Electronic Systems Engineering,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Masaharu Takahashi
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,Department of Electronic Systems Engineering,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
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Etminan A, Dahaghin A, Emadiyanrazavi S, Salimibani M, Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Haghpanahi M, Maleki A. Simulation of heat transfer, mass transfer and tissue damage in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia with blood vessels. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Rahpeima R, Lin CA. Numerical study of magnetic hyperthermia ablation of breast tumor on an anatomically realistic breast phantom. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274801. [PMID: 36129953 PMCID: PMC9491569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a novel reliable technique with excellent potential for thermal therapies and treating breast tumours. This method involves injecting a magnetic nanofluid into the tumour and applying an external AC magnetic field to induce heat in the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and raise the tumour temperature to ablation temperature ranges. Because of the complexity of considering and coupling all different physics involves in this phenomenon and also due to the intricacy of a thorough FEM numerical study, few FEM-based studies address the entire MFH process as similar to reality as possible. The current study investigates a FEM-based three-dimensional numerical simulation of MFH of breast tumours as a multi-physics problem. An anatomically realistic breast phantom (ARBP) is considered, some magnetic nanofluid is injected inside the tumour, and the diffusion phenomenon is simulated. Then, the amount of heat generated in the MNP-saturated tumour area due to an external AC magnetic field is simulated. In the end, the fraction of tumour tissue necrotized by this temperature rise is evaluated. The study's results demonstrate that by injecting nanofluid and utilizing seven circular copper windings with each coil carrying 400 A current with a frequency of 400 kHz for generating the external AC magnetic field, the temperature in tumour tissue can be raised to a maximum of about 51.4°C, which leads to necrosis of entire tumour tissue after 30 minutes of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. This numerical platform can depict all four various physics involved in the MFH of breast tumours by numerically solving all different equation sets coupled together with high precision. Thus, the proposed model can be utilized by clinicians as a reliable tool for predicting and identifying the approximate amount of temperature rise and the necrotic fraction of breast tumour, which can be very useful to opt for the best MFH therapeutic procedure and conditions based on various patients. In future works, this numerical platform's results should be compared with experimental in-vivo results to improve and modify this platform in order to be ready for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahpeima
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-An Lin
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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de Los Ríos Cardenas L, Bermeo Varon LA, de Albuquerque Pereira WC. Parameter estimation in high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3591. [PMID: 35289112 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an acoustic therapy for cancer treatment. This technique consists of an increase in the temperature field of the tumor to achieve coagulative necrosis and immediate cell death. Therefore, for having a successful treatment, the physical problem requires to know several properties due to the high variability from individual to individual, or even for the same individual under different physiological conditions. This article presents a numerical simulation of hyperthermia therapy for cancer treatment using HIFU, as well as the estimation of parameters that influence the physical problem. Two mathematical models were considered to solve the forward problem. The acoustic model based on acoustic pressure performs a frequency-domain study, and the bioheat transfer model a time-dependent study. These models were solved using Comsol Multiphysics® software in a 2D-axisymmetric rectangular domain to determine the temperature field. Parameter estimation was coded in Matlab Mathworks® environment using a Bayesian approach. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method by the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm was implemented, and the simulated temperature measurements were considered. Results suggest that specific HIFU therapy can be performed for each patient by estimating appropriate parameters for cancer treatment and provides the possibility to define procedures before and during the treatment.
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A Computational Study on Magnetic Nanoparticles Hyperthermia of Ellipsoidal Tumors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The modelling of magnetic hyperthermia using nanoparticles of ellipsoid tumor shapes has not been studied adequately. To fill this gap, a computational study has been carried out to determine two key treatment parameters: the therapeutic temperature distribution and the extent of thermal damage. Prolate and oblate spheroidal tumors, of various aspect ratios, surrounded by a large healthy tissue region are assumed. Tissue temperatures are determined from the solution of Pennes’ bio-heat transfer equation. The mortality of the tissues is determined by the Arrhenius kinetic model. The computational model is successfully verified against a closed-form solution for a perfectly spherical tumor. The therapeutic temperature and the thermal damage in the tumor center decrease as the aspect ratio increases and it is insensitive to whether tumors of the same aspect ratio are oblate or prolate spheroids. The necrotic tumor area is affected by the tumor prolateness and oblateness. Good comparison is obtained of the present model with three sets of experimental measurements taken from the literature, for animal tumors exhibiting ellipsoid-like geometry. The computational model enables the determination of the therapeutic temperature and tissue thermal damage for magnetic hyperthermia of ellipsoidal tumors. It can be easily reproduced for various treatment scenarios and may be useful for an effective treatment planning of ellipsoidal tumor geometries.
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Raouf I, Gas P, Kim HS. Numerical Investigation of Ferrofluid Preparation during In-Vitro Culture of Cancer Therapy for Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5545. [PMID: 34450987 PMCID: PMC8402254 DOI: 10.3390/s21165545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, in-vitro studies of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) hyperthermia have attracted significant attention because of the severity of this cancer therapy for in-vivo culture. Accurate temperature evaluation is one of the key challenges of MNP hyperthermia. Hence, numerical studies play a crucial role in evaluating the thermal behavior of ferrofluids. As a result, the optimum therapeutic conditions can be achieved. The presented research work aims to develop a comprehensive numerical model that directly correlates the MNP hyperthermia parameters to the thermal response of the in-vitro model using optimization through linear response theory (LRT). For that purpose, the ferrofluid solution is evaluated based on various parameters, and the temperature distribution of the system is estimated in space and time. Consequently, the optimum conditions for the ferrofluid preparation are estimated based on experimental and mathematical findings. The reliability of the presented model is evaluated via the correlation analysis between magnetic and calorimetric methods for the specific loss power (SLP) and intrinsic loss power (ILP) calculations. Besides, the presented numerical model is verified with our experimental setup. In summary, the proposed model offers a novel approach to investigate the thermal diffusion of a non-adiabatic ferrofluid sample intended for MNP hyperthermia in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaz Raouf
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea;
| | - Piotr Gas
- Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Heung Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea;
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Phase Compensation Technique for Effective Heat Focusing in Microwave Hyperthermia Systems. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, effective electromagnetic (EM) focusing achieved with a phase compensation technique for microwave hyperthermia systems is proposed. To treat tumor cells positioned deep inside a human female breast, EM energy must be properly focused on the target area. A circular antenna array for microwave hyperthermia allows EM energy to concentrate on a specific target inside the breast tumor. Depending on the cancerous cell conditions in the breast, the input phases of each antenna are calculated for single and multiple tumor cell locations. In the case of multifocal breast cancer, sub-array beam focusing via the phase compensation technique is presented to enhance the ability of EM energy to concentrate on multiple targets while minimizing damage to normal cells. To demonstrate the thermal treatment effects on single and multiple tumor locations, the accumulation of the specific absorption rate (SAR) parameter and temperature changes were verified using both simulated and experimental results.
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Archilla D, López-Sánchez J, Hernando A, Navarro E, Marín P. Boosting the Tunable Microwave Scattering Signature of Sensing Array Platforms Consisting of Amorphous Ferromagnetic Fe 2.25Co 72.75Si 10B 15 Microwires and Its Amplification by Intercalating Cu Microwires. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040920. [PMID: 33916556 PMCID: PMC8066996 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The following work addresses new configurations of sensing array platforms that are composed of Co-based amorphous ferromagnetic microwires (MWs) to obtain an enhanced modulation of the microwave scattering effects through the application of low strength DC or AC magnetic fields. An amorphous MW is an ultrasoft ferromagnetic material (coercivity ~0.2 Oe) with a circumferential magnetic anisotropy that provides a high surface sensitivity when it is subjected to an external magnetic field. Firstly, microwave scattering experiments are performed as a function of the length and number of MWs placed parallel to each other forming an array. Subsequently, three array configurations are designed, achieving high S21 scattering coefficients up to about −50 dB. The influence of DC and AC magnetic fields on S21 has been analyzed in frequency and time domains representation, respectively. In addition, the MWs sensing array has been overlapped by polymeric surfaces and the variations of their micrometric thicknesses also cause strong changes in the S21 amplitude with displacements in the frequency that are associated to the maximum scattering behavior. Finally, a new concept for amplifying microwave scattering is provided by intercalating Cu MWs into the linear Co-based arrays. The designed mixed system that is composed by Co-based and Cu MWs exhibits a higher S21 coefficient when compared to a single Co-based MW system because of higher electrical conductivity of Cu. However, the ability to modulate the resulting electromagnetic scattering is conferred by the giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effects coming from properties of the ultrasoft amorphous MWs. The mixed array platform covers a wide range of sensor applications, demonstrating the feasibility of tuning the S21 amplitude over a wide scattering range by applying AC or DC magnetic fields and tuning the resonant frequency position according to the polymeric slab thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Archilla
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
| | - Jesús López-Sánchez
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
- Spanish CRG BM25-SpLine at The ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Hernando
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
- Institutos Madrileños de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Calle de los Pirineos, 55, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Marín
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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