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González A, García-Gomez A, Zhukova V, Corte-Leon P, Ipatov M, Blanco JM, Gonzalez J, Zhukov A. Optimization of Magnetoimpedance Effect and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Rich Glass-Coated Microwires by Annealing. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7481. [PMID: 37687937 PMCID: PMC10490706 DOI: 10.3390/s23177481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As-prepared Fe-rich microwires with perfectly rectangular hysteresis loops present magnetization reversal through fast domain wall propagation, while the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in Fe-rich microwires is rather low. However, the lower cost of Fe-rich microwires makes them attractive for magnetic sensors applications. We studied the effect of conventional (furnace) annealing and Joule heating on magnetic-propertied domain wall (DW) dynamics and the GMI effect in two Fe microwires with different geometries. We observed that magnetic softness, GMI effect and domain wall (DW) dynamics can be substantially improved by appropriate annealing. Observed experimental results are discussed considering the counterbalance between the internal stresses relaxation and induced magnetic anisotropy associated with the presence of an Oersted magnetic field during Joule heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro González
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alfonso García-Gomez
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Valentina Zhukova
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Paula Corte-Leon
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Julian Gonzalez
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Cabanas AM, Pérez del Real R, Laroze D, Vázquez M. First-Order Reversal Curves of Sets of Bistable Magnetostrictive Microwires. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16062131. [PMID: 36984011 PMCID: PMC10058406 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous microwires have attracted substantial attention in the past decade because of their useful technological applications. Their bistable magnetic response is determined by positive or negative magnetostriction, respectively. First-order reversal curves (FORC) are a powerful tool for analyzing the magnetization reversal processes of many-body ferromagnetic systems that are essential for a deeper understanding of those applications. After theoretical considerations about magnetostatic interactions among microwires, this work introduces a systematic experimental study and analysis of the FORC diagrams for magnetostrictive microwires exhibiting an individually bistable hysteresis loop, from a single microwire to sets of an increasing number of coupled microwires, the latter considered as an intermediate case to the standard many-body problem. We performed the study for sets of quasi-identical and different hysteretic microwires where we obtained the coercivity Hc and interaction Hu fields. In the cases with relevant magnetostatic interactions, FORC analysis supplies deeper information than standard hysteresis loops since the intrinsic fluctuations of the switching field generate a complex response. For sets of microwires with very different coercivity, the coercivity distributions of the individual microwires characterize the FORC diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Cabanas
- Departamento de Física, FACI Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1010069, Chile
| | | | - David Laroze
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, CEDENNA, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica 1010069, Chile
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Zhukova V, Corte-Leon P, Blanco JM, Ipatov M, Gonzalez A, Zhukov A. Development of Co-Rich Microwires with Graded Magnetic Anisotropy. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 22:187. [PMID: 35009727 PMCID: PMC8749595 DOI: 10.3390/s22010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a gradual change in the hysteresis loop of Co-rich glass-coated microwire stress-annealed at variable temperature is observed. Such microwires annealed with a temperature gradient also present a variable squareness ratio and magnetic anisotropy field along the microwire's length. The obtained graded anisotropy has been attributed to a gradual modification of the domain structure along the microwire originated by a counterbalance between shape, magnetoelastic, and induced magnetic anisotropies. Accordingly, we propose a rather simple route to design graded magnetic anisotropy in a magnetic microwire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Zhukova
- Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (A.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Paula Corte-Leon
- Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (A.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (A.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Alvaro Gonzalez
- Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (A.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Archilla D, López-Sánchez J, Hernando A, Navarro E, Marín P. Boosting the Tunable Microwave Scattering Signature of Sensing Array Platforms Consisting of Amorphous Ferromagnetic Fe 2.25Co 72.75Si 10B 15 Microwires and Its Amplification by Intercalating Cu Microwires. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11040920. [PMID: 33916556 PMCID: PMC8066996 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The following work addresses new configurations of sensing array platforms that are composed of Co-based amorphous ferromagnetic microwires (MWs) to obtain an enhanced modulation of the microwave scattering effects through the application of low strength DC or AC magnetic fields. An amorphous MW is an ultrasoft ferromagnetic material (coercivity ~0.2 Oe) with a circumferential magnetic anisotropy that provides a high surface sensitivity when it is subjected to an external magnetic field. Firstly, microwave scattering experiments are performed as a function of the length and number of MWs placed parallel to each other forming an array. Subsequently, three array configurations are designed, achieving high S21 scattering coefficients up to about −50 dB. The influence of DC and AC magnetic fields on S21 has been analyzed in frequency and time domains representation, respectively. In addition, the MWs sensing array has been overlapped by polymeric surfaces and the variations of their micrometric thicknesses also cause strong changes in the S21 amplitude with displacements in the frequency that are associated to the maximum scattering behavior. Finally, a new concept for amplifying microwave scattering is provided by intercalating Cu MWs into the linear Co-based arrays. The designed mixed system that is composed by Co-based and Cu MWs exhibits a higher S21 coefficient when compared to a single Co-based MW system because of higher electrical conductivity of Cu. However, the ability to modulate the resulting electromagnetic scattering is conferred by the giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effects coming from properties of the ultrasoft amorphous MWs. The mixed array platform covers a wide range of sensor applications, demonstrating the feasibility of tuning the S21 amplitude over a wide scattering range by applying AC or DC magnetic fields and tuning the resonant frequency position according to the polymeric slab thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Archilla
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
| | - Jesús López-Sánchez
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
- Spanish CRG BM25-SpLine at The ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Hernando
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
- Institutos Madrileños de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Calle de los Pirineos, 55, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Marín
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF, 28230 Las Rozas, Spain; (D.A.); (A.H.); (E.N.); (P.M.)
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Corte-Leon P, Zhukova V, Chizhik A, Blanco JM, Ipatov M, Gonzalez-Legarreta L, Zhukov A. Magnetic Microwires with Unique Combination of Magnetic Properties Suitable for Various Magnetic Sensor Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E7203. [PMID: 33339238 PMCID: PMC7767316 DOI: 10.3390/s20247203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing demand to improve the performance of cost-effective soft magnetic materials for use in high performance sensors and devices. Giant Magneto-impedance effect (GMI), or fast single domain wall (DW) propagation can be observed in properly processed magnetic microwires. In this paper we have identified the routes to obtain microwires with unique combination of magnetic properties allowing observation of fast and single DW propagation and GMI effect in the same microwire. By modifying the annealing conditions, we have found the appropriate regimes allowing achievement of the highest GMI ratio and the fastest DW dynamics. The observed experimental results are discussed considering the radial distribution of magnetic anisotropy and the correlation of GMI effect, and DW dynamics with bulk and surface magnetization processes. Studies of both Fe- and Co-rich microwires, using the magneto-optical Kerr effect, MOKE, provide information on the magnetic structure in the outer shell of microwires. We have demonstrated the existence of the spiral helical structure in both studied microwires. At the same time, torsion mechanical stresses induce helical bistability in the same microwires, which allow us to consider these microwires as materials suitable for sensors based on the large Barkhausen jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Corte-Leon
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Valentina Zhukova
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Alexandr Chizhik
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Nanomedice-IDIVAL, Avda. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Zhukova V, Corte-Leon P, Ipatov M, Blanco JM, Gonzalez-Legarreta L, Zhukov A. Development of Magnetic Microwires for Magnetic Sensor Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E4767. [PMID: 31684037 PMCID: PMC6864710 DOI: 10.3390/s19214767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thin magnetic wires can present excellent soft magnetic properties (with coercivities up to 4 A/m), Giant Magneto-impedance effect, GMI, or rectangular hysteresis loops combined with quite fast domain wall, DW, propagation. In this paper we overview the magnetic properties of thin magnetic wires and post-processing allowing optimization of their magnetic properties for magnetic sensor applications. We concluded that the GMI effect, magnetic softness or DW dynamics of microwires can be tailored by controlling the magnetoelastic anisotropy of as-prepared microwires or controlling their internal stresses and domain structure by appropriate thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Zhukova
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Paula Corte-Leon
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Nanomedice-IDIVAL, Avda. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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