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Di Majo D, Ricciardi N, Di Liberto V, Allegra M, Frinchi M, Urone G, Scordino M, Massaro A, Mudò G, Ferraro G, Sardo P, Giglia G, Gambino G. The remarkable impact of Opuntia Ficus Indica fruit administration on metabolic syndrome: Correlations between cognitive functions, oxidative stress and lipid dysmetabolism in the high-fat, diet-fed rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117028. [PMID: 38959603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wealth of evidence underscores the bioactive properties of nutraceuticals and functional foods in addressing oxyinflammatory-based diseases with implications at both peripheral and central levels. Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) is well-documented for its health-promoting attributes, though its fruit (OFIF) remains relatively understudied. Not only poses Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) cardiometabolic risks but also contributes significantly to cognitive impairment, especially in crucial brain areas such as hippocampus and hypothalamus. METHODS Following 8 weeks of HFD to induce MetS, rats received OFIF oral supplementation for 4 weeks to evaluate cognitive and affective modifications using behavioural paradigms, i.e. open field, burrowing, white-dark box, novelty-suppressed feeding, and object recognition tests. Our investigation extended to biochemical evaluations of lipid homeostasis, central and peripheral oxidative stress and neurotrophic pathways, correlating these measures together with circulating leptin levels. RESULTS Our data revealed that OFIF modulation of leptin positively correlates with systemic and brain oxidative stress, with markers of increased anxiety-like behaviour and impaired lipid homeostasis. On the other hand, leptin levels reduced by OFIF are associated with improved antioxidant barriers, declarative memory and neurotrophic signalling. DISCUSSION This study underscores OFIF neuroactive potential in the context of MetS-associated cognitive impairment, offering insights into its mechanisms and implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy; Post-Graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Nicolò Ricciardi
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Post-Graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Giulia Urone
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Miriana Scordino
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massaro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy; Post-Graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy; Post-Graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy; Post-Graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy; Post-Graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
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Dos Santos B, Piermartiri T, Tasca CI. The impact of purine nucleosides on neuroplasticity in the adult brain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9. [PMID: 38367178 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the nervous system's ability to adapt and reorganize its cell structures and neuronal networks in response to internal and external stimuli. In adults, this process involves neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic and neurochemical plasticity. Several studies have reported the significant impact of the purinergic system on neuroplasticity modulation. And, there is considerable evidence supporting the role of purine nucleosides, such as adenosine, inosine, and guanosine, in this process. This review presents extensive research on how these nucleosides enhance the neuroplasticity of the adult central nervous system, particularly in response to damage. The mechanisms through which these nucleosides exert their effects involve complex interactions with various receptors and signaling pathways. Adenosine's influence on neurogenesis involves interactions with adenosine receptors, specifically A1R and A2AR. A1R activation appears to inhibit neuronal differentiation and promote astrogliogenesis, while A2AR activation supports neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Inosine and guanosine positively impact cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Inosine seems to modulate extracellular adenosine levels, and guanosine might act through interactions between purinergic and glutamatergic systems. Additionally, the review discusses the potential therapeutic implications of purinergic signaling in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, emphasizing the importance of these nucleosides in the neuroplasticity of brain function and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tetsade Piermartiri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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3
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Montironi C, Jacobs CF, Cretenet G, Peters FS, Schomakers BV, van Weeghel M, Kater AP, Simon-Molas H, Eldering E. T-cell dysfunction by pseudohypoxia and autocrine purinergic signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6540-6552. [PMID: 37552122 PMCID: PMC10632609 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired T-cell dysfunction is common in chronic B-cell malignancies. Given the strong connection between T-cell metabolism and function, we investigated metabolic alterations as the basis of T-cell dysfunction induced by malignant cells. Using B-cell malignant cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we first established a model that recapitulates major aspects of cancer-induced T-cell dysfunction. Cell lines derived from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (PGA-1, CII, and Mec-1), but not from other B-cell malignancies, altered the T-cell metabolome by generating a pseudohypoxic state. T cells were retained in aerobic glycolysis and were not able to switch to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Moreover, T cells produced immunosuppressive adenosine that negatively affected function by dampening the activation, which could be restored by the blocking of adenosine receptors. Subsequently, we uncovered a similar hypoxic-like signature in autologous T cells from primary CLL samples. Pseudohypoxia was reversible upon depletion of CLL cells ex vivo and, importantly, after the in vivo reduction of the leukemic burden with combination therapy (venetoclax and obinutuzumab), restoring T-cell function. In conclusion, we uncovered a pseudohypoxic program connected with T-cell dysfunction in CLL. Modulation of hypoxia and the purinergic pathway might contribute to therapeutic restoration of T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montironi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaja F. Jacobs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gaspard Cretenet
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur S. Peters
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke V. Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnon P. Kater
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga Simon-Molas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Camargo A, Dalmagro AP, Altê GA, Zeni ALB, Tasca CI, Rodrigues ALS. NMDA receptor-mediated modulation on glutamine synthetase and glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 is involved in the antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects of guanosine. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110440. [PMID: 36878458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine has been reported to elicit antidepressant-like responses in rodents, but if these actions are associated with its ability to afford neuroprotection against glutamate-induced toxicity still needs to be fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated the antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects elicited by guanosine in mice and evaluated the possible involvement of NMDA receptors, glutamine synthetase, and GLT-1 in these responses. We found that guanosine (0.05 mg/kg, but not 0.01 mg/kg, p. o.) was effective in producing an antidepressant-like effect and protecting hippocampal and prefrontocortical slices against glutamate-induced damage. Our results also unveiled that ketamine (1 mg/kg, but not 0.1 mg/kg, i. p, an NMDA receptor antagonist) effectively elicited antidepressant-like actions and protected hippocampal and prefrontocortical slices against glutamatergic toxicity. Furthermore, the combined administration of sub-effective doses of guanosine (0.01 mg/kg, p. o.) with ketamine (0.1 mg/kg, i. p.) promoted an antidepressant-like effect and augmented glutamine synthetase activity and GLT-1 immunocontent in the hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex. Our results also showed that the combination of sub-effective doses of ketamine and guanosine, at the same protocol schedule that exhibited an antidepressant-like effect, effectively abolished glutamate-induced damage in hippocampal and prefrontocortical slices. Our in vitro results reinforce that guanosine, ketamine, or sub-effective concentrations of guanosine plus ketamine protect against glutamate exposure by modulating glutamine synthetase activity and GLT-1 levels. Finally, molecular docking analysis suggests that guanosine might interact with NMDA receptors at the ketamine or glycine/d-serine co-agonist binding sites. These findings provide support for the premise that guanosine has antidepressant-like effects and should be further investigated for depression management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana P Dalmagro
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau CEP, 89030-903, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glorister A Altê
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia B Zeni
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau CEP, 89030-903, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Zuccarini M, Pruccoli L, Balducci M, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031172. [PMID: 36769818 PMCID: PMC9917437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain is homeostatically controlled and contributes to normal neural functions. Inefficiency of control mechanisms in brain aging or pathological conditions leads to ROS overproduction with oxidative neural cell damage and degeneration. Among the compounds showing therapeutic potential against neuro-dysfunctions induced by oxidative stress are the guanine-based purines (GBPs), of which the most characterized are the nucleoside guanosine (GUO) and the nucleobase guanine (GUA), which act differently. Indeed, the administration of GUO to in vitro or in vivo models of acute brain injury (ischemia/hypoxia or trauma) or chronic neurological/neurodegenerative disorders, exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, decreasing the production of reactive radicals and improving mitochondrial function via multiple molecular signals. However, GUO administration to rodents also causes an amnesic effect. In contrast, the metabolite, GUA, could be effective in memory-related disorders by transiently increasing ROS production and stimulating the nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G cascade, which has long been recognized as beneficial for cognitive function. Thus, it is worth pursuing further studies to ascertain the therapeutic role of GUO and GUA and to evaluate the pathological brain conditions in which these compounds could be more usefully used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Martina Balducci
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Camargo A, Bettio LEB, Rosa PB, Rosa JM, Altê GA, Rodrigues ALS. The antidepressant-like effect of guanosine involves the modulation of adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09898-8. [PMID: 36166131 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine has been considered a promising candidate for antidepressant responses, but if this nucleoside could modulate adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors to exert antidepressant-like actions remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the role of A1R and A2AR in the antidepressant-like response of guanosine in the mouse tail suspension test and molecular interactions between guanosine and A1R and A2AR by docking analysis. The acute (60 min) administration of guanosine (0.05 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased the immobility time in the tail suspension test, without affecting the locomotor performance in the open-field test, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. This behavioral response was paralleled with increased A1R and reduced A2AR immunocontent in the hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex, of mice. Guanosine-mediated antidepressant-like effect was not altered by the pretreatment with caffeine (3 mg/kg, i.p., a non-selective adenosine A1R/A2AR antagonist), 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX - 2 mg/kg, i.p., a selective adenosine A1R antagonist), or 4-(2-[7-amino-2-{2-furyl}{1,2,4}triazolo-{2,3-a}{1,3,5}triazin-5-yl-amino]ethyl)-phenol (ZM241385 - 1 mg/kg, i.p., a selective adenosine A2AR antagonist). However, the antidepressant-like response of guanosine was completely abolished by adenosine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., a non-selective adenosine A1R/A2AR agonist), N-6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA - 0.05 mg/kg, i.p., a selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist), and N-6-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(methylphenyl)ethyl]adenosine (DPMA - 0.1 mg/kg, i.p., a selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist). Finally, docking analysis also indicated that guanosine might interact with A1R and A2AR at the adenosine binding site. Overall, this study reinforces the antidepressant-like of guanosine and unveils a previously unexplored modulation of the modulation of A1R and A2AR in its antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianopolisSanta Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luis E B Bettio
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianopolisSanta Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila B Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianopolisSanta Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Julia M Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianopolisSanta Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Glorister A Altê
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianopolisSanta Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianopolisSanta Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Garozzo R, Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Di Liberto V, Mudò G, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Ciruela F, Di Iorio P, Condorelli DF. Guanine inhibits the growth of human glioma and melanoma cell lines by interacting with GPR23. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970891. [PMID: 36199684 PMCID: PMC9527276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine-based purines (GBPs) exert numerous biological effects at the central nervous system through putative membrane receptors, the existence of which is still elusive. To shed light on this question, we screened orphan and poorly characterized G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), selecting those that showed a high purinoreceptor similarity and were expressed in glioma cells, where GBPs exerted a powerful antiproliferative effect. Of the GPRs chosen, only the silencing of GPR23, also known as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 4 receptor, counteracted GBP-induced growth inhibition in U87 cells. Guanine (GUA) was the most potent compound behind the GPR23-mediated effect, acting as the endpoint effector of GBP antiproliferative effects. Accordingly, cells stably expressing GPR23 showed increased sensitivity to GUA. Furthermore, while GPR23 expression was low in a hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HGPRT)-mutated melanoma cell line showing poor sensitivity to GBPs, and in HGPRT-silenced glioma cells, GPR23-induced expression in both cell types rescued GUA-mediated cell growth inhibition. Finally, binding experiments using [3H]-GUA and U87 cell membranes revealed the existence of a selective GUA binding (KD = 29.44 ± 4.07 nM; Bmax 1.007 ± 0.035 pmol/mg prot) likely to GPR23. Overall, these data suggest GPR23 involvement in modulating responses to GUA in tumor cell lines, although further research needs to verify whether this receptor mediates other GUA effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Patrizia Di Iorio,
| | - Daniele F. Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Gambino G, Giglia G, Gallo D, Scordino M, Giardina C, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P, Ciruela F, Ferraro G, Mudò G, Sardo P, Di Liberto V. Guanosine modulates K + membrane currents in SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of adenosine receptors. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1133-1145. [PMID: 36048287 PMCID: PMC9560947 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine (GUO), widely considered a key signaling mediator, is implicated in the regulation of several cellular processes. While its interaction with neural membranes has been described, GUO still is an orphan neuromodulator. It has been postulated that GUO may eventually interact with potassium channels and adenosine (ADO) receptors (ARs), both particularly important for the control of cellular excitability. Accordingly, here, we investigated the effects of GUO on the bioelectric activity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We first explored the contribution of voltage-dependent K+ channels and, besides this, the role of ARs in the regulation of GUO-dependent cellular electrophysiology. Our data support that GUO is able to specifically modulate K+-dependent outward currents over cell membranes. Importantly, administering ADO along with GUO potentiates its effects. Overall, these results suggested that K+ outward membrane channels may be targeted by GUO with an implication of ADO receptors in SH-SY5Y cells, but also support the hypothesis of a functional interaction of the two ligands. The present research runs through the leitmotif of the deorphanization of GUO, adding insight on the interplay with adenosinergic signaling and suggesting GUO as a powerful modulator of SH-SY5Y excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Gallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriana Scordino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Costanza Giardina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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9
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Guanosine as a promising target for fast-acting antidepressant responses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 218:173422. [PMID: 35732211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant responses elicited by ketamine have gained considerable attention in recent years, it has some knock-on effects that limit its widespread clinical use. Therefore, ketamine is considered the prototype for the new generation of glutamate-based rapid-acting antidepressants. Within this context, it has been demonstrated that guanosine, an endogenous guanine-based purine, has overlapping mechanisms of action with ketamine and is effective in eliciting fast antidepressant-like responses and even potentiating ketamine's actions in preclinical studies. Here, we review the recent findings regarding the ability of guanosine to produce rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects and we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant-like actions. Moreover, the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the ability of guanosine in boosting the antidepressant-like and pro-synaptogenic effects elicited by ketamine are also reported. Taken together, this review opens perspectives for the use of guanosine alone or in combination with ketamine for the management of treatment-resistant depression.
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10
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Pietrangelo T. Raising the Guanosine-Based Molecules as Regulators of Excitable Tissues by the Exosomal-Vehiculated Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658370. [PMID: 34393768 PMCID: PMC8363250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Chieti, Italy
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11
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Chojnowski K, Opielka M, Nazar W, Kowianski P, Smolenski RT. Neuroprotective Effects of Guanosine in Ischemic Stroke-Small Steps towards Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6898. [PMID: 34199004 PMCID: PMC8268871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine (Guo) is a nucleotide metabolite that acts as a potent neuromodulator with neurotrophic and regenerative properties in neurological disorders. Under brain ischemia or trauma, Guo is released to the extracellular milieu and its concentration substantially raises. In vitro studies on brain tissue slices or cell lines subjected to ischemic conditions demonstrated that Guo counteracts destructive events that occur during ischemic conditions, e.g., glutaminergic excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. Moreover, Guo mitigates neuroinflammation and regulates post-translational processing. Guo asserts its neuroprotective effects via interplay with adenosine receptors, potassium channels, and excitatory amino acid transporters. Subsequently, guanosine activates several prosurvival molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt (PI3K) and MEK/ERK. Due to systemic degradation, the half-life of exogenous Guo is relatively low, thus creating difficulty regarding adequate exogenous Guo distribution. Nevertheless, in vivo studies performed on ischemic stroke rodent models provide promising results presenting a sustained decrease in infarct volume, improved neurological outcome, decrease in proinflammatory events, and stimulation of neuroregeneration through the release of neurotrophic factors. In this comprehensive review, we discuss molecular signaling related to Guo protection against brain ischemia. We present recent advances, limitations, and prospects in exogenous guanosine therapy in the context of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Chojnowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Mikolaj Opielka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- International Research Agenda 3P—Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 3A Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Przemyslaw Kowianski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Bohaterów Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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12
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Belluardo N, Mudò G, Di Liberto V, Frinchi M, Condorelli DF, Traversa U, Ciruela F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P. Investigating the Role of Guanosine on Human Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658806. [PMID: 33986683 PMCID: PMC8111303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma arises from neural crest cell precursors failing to complete the process of differentiation. Thus, agents helping tumor cells to differentiate into normal cells can represent a valid therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluated whether guanosine (GUO), a natural purine nucleoside, which is able to induce differentiation of many cell types, may cause the differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. We found that GUO, added to the cell culture medium, promoted neuron-like cell differentiation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This effect was mainly due to an extracellular GUO action since nucleoside transporter inhibitors reduced but not abolished it. Importantly, GUO-mediated neuron-like cell differentiation was independent of adenosine receptor activation as it was not altered by the blockade of these receptors. Noteworthy, the neuritogenic activity of GUO was not affected by blocking the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, while it was reduced by inhibitors of protein kinase C or soluble guanylate cyclase. Furthermore, the inhibitor of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 but not that of nitric oxide synthase reduced GUO-induced neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, we found that GUO was largely metabolized into guanine by the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzyme released from cells. Taken together, our results suggest that GUO, promoting neuroblastoma cell differentiation, may represent a potential therapeutic agent; however, due to its spontaneous extracellular metabolism, the role played by the GUO-PNP-guanine system needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Belluardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele F Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ugo Traversa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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13
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Di Iorio P, Beggiato S, Ronci M, Nedel CB, Tasca CI, Zuccarini M. Unfolding New Roles for Guanine-Based Purines and Their Metabolizing Enzymes in Cancer and Aging Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653549. [PMID: 33935764 PMCID: PMC8085521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Ronci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - C B Nedel
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Gliomas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - C I Tasca
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica-4, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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