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Lu Z, Zhang A, Dai Y. CX3CL1 deficiency ameliorates inflammation, apoptosis and accelerates osteogenic differentiation, mineralization in LPS-treated MC3T3-E1 cells via its receptor CX3CR1. Ann Anat 2023; 246:152036. [PMID: 36436718 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a devastating skeletal disease responsible for bone fragility and fracture. CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is an inflammatory chemokine which has been identified to possess increased expression in the serum of postmenopausal osteoporotic patients. This paper was to illuminate the impacts of CX3CL1 on inflammation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation, mineralization in LPS-treated osteoblasts and investigate the regulatory mechanism. METHODS The viability of MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to elevating doses of LPS was detected by CCK-8 assay. CX3CL1 and C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) expression were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. CX3CR1 expression was examined again following CX3CL1 depletion. The binding of CX3CL1 with CX3CR1 was testified through Co-IP assay. In MC3T3-E1 cells co-transduced with CX3CL1 interference and CX3CR1 overexpression plasmids following LPS exposure, cell activity and inflammation were separately estimated via CCK-8 assay and RT-qPCR. Apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay and western blot. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated by ALP activity assay, RT-qPCR and western blot. Osteoblast mineralization was assessed by ARS staining, RT-qPCR and western blot. Results The experimental data presented that LPS attenuated the viability and enhanced CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CX3CR1 interacted with CX3CL1 and was positively modulated by CX3CL1. The suppressive role of CX3CL1 absence in LPS-evoked viability decrease, inflammation and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells was reversed by CX3CR1 elevation. Besides, CX3CR1 reversed the promoted osteoblast differentiation and mineralization imposed by CX3CL1 interference. CONCLUSIONS CX3CL1 knockdown eased inflammation, apoptosis and promoted osteogenic differentiation, mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells upon LPS exposure through down-regulating CX3CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lu
- Medical school, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China; Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Medical research center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China; Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Park KR, Kim B, Lee JY, Moon HJ, Kwon IK, Yun HM. Effects of Scoparone on differentiation, adhesion, migration, autophagy and mineralization through the osteogenic signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4520-4529. [PMID: 35796406 PMCID: PMC9357629 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scoparone (SCOP), an active and efficient coumarin compound derived from Artemisia capillaris Thunb, has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Herein, we investigated the effects of SCOP on the osteogenic processes using MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts in in vitro cell systems. SCOP (C11H10O4, > 99.17%) was purified and identified from A. capillaries. SCOP (0.1 to 100 μM concentrations) did not have cytotoxic effects in pre‐osteoblasts; however, it promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, and mineralized nodule formation under early and late osteogenic induction. SCOP elevated osteogenic signals through the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)‐Smad1/5/8 pathway, leading to the increased expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) with its target protein, matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13). SCOP also induced the non‐canonical BMP2‐MAPKs pathway, but not the Wnt3a‐β‐catenin pathway. Moreover, SCOP promoted autophagy, migration and adhesion under the osteogenic induction. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated that SCOP has osteogenic effects associated with cell differentiation, adhesion, migration, autophagy and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Joon Yeop Lee
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Moon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Medical Device Research Center, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Pei W, Deng J, Wang P, Wang X, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Huang C. Sustainable lignin and lignin-derived compounds as potential therapeutic agents for degenerative orthopaedic diseases: A systemic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:547-560. [PMID: 35643155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, the most abundant natural and sustainable phenolic compound in biomass, has exhibited medicinal values due to its biological activities decided by physicochemical properties. Recently, the lignin and its derivatives (such as lignosulfonates and lignosulfonate) have been proven efficient in regulating cellular process and the extracellular microenvironment, which has been regarded as the key factor in disease progression. In orthopaedic diseases, especially the degenerative diseases represented by osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, excessive activated inflammation has been proven as a key stage in the pathological process. Due to the excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial and antioxidative activities of lignin and its derivatives, they have been applied to stimulate cells and restore the uncoupling bone remodeling in the degenerative orthopaedic diseases. However, there is a lack of a systemic review to state the current research actuality of lignin and lignin-derived compounds in treating degenerative orthopaedic diseases. Herein, we summarized the current application of lignin and lignin-derived compounds in orthopaedic diseases and proposed their possible therapeutic mechanism in treating degenerative orthopaedic diseases. It is hoped this work could guide the future preparation of lignin/lignin-derived drugs and implants as available therapeutic strategies for clinically degenerative orthopaedic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Pei
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junping Deng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xucai Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yangheng Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Wang C, Zhu M, Yang D, Hu X, Wen X, Liu A. MiR-29a-3p Inhibits Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Targeting FOXO3 and Repressing Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:324-333. [PMID: 35769053 PMCID: PMC9396013 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives This study was to investigate the role of microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and its relationship with steroid-associated osteonecrosis. Methods and Results The online tool GEO2R was used to screen out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE123568 dataset. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-29a-3p, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (OCN) and RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the hBMSCs isolated from the patients with steroid-associated osteonecrosis. CCK-8 assay was executed to measure cell viability; western blot assay was utilized to detect FOXO3, ALP, Runx2, OCN and β-catenin expression. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the sub-cellular localization of β-catenin. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to confirm whether miR-29a-3p can combine with FOXO3 3’UTR. MiR-29a-3p was markedly up-regulated in the hBMSCs of patients with steroid-associated osteonecrosis, while FOXO3 mRNA was significantly down-regulated. Transfection of miR-29a-3p mimics significantly inhibited the hBMSCs’ proliferation, osteogenic differentiation markers’ expressions, including ALP, Runx2, OCN, and repressed the ALP activity, as well as promoted cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. FOXO3 was identified as a target gene of miR-29a-3p, and miR-29a-3p can inhibit the expression of FOXO3 and β-catenin, and inhibition of miR-29a-3p promoted translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus. Conclusions MiR-29a-3p can modulate FOXO3 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling to inhibit viability and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, thereby promoting the development of steroid-associated osteonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Wang
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, People's Hospital of Pingxiang, Pingxiang, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, People's Hospital of Pingxiang, Pingxiang, China
| | - Demeng Yang
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, People's Hospital of Pingxiang, Pingxiang, China
| | - Xinyuan Hu
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, People's Hospital of Pingxiang, Pingxiang, China
| | - Xinyuan Wen
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, People's Hospital of Pingxiang, Pingxiang, China
| | - Aimei Liu
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, People's Hospital of Pingxiang, Pingxiang, China
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Biochemometry-Based Discovery of Phenylpropanoids from Azadirachta indica Fruits as Inhibitors of In Vitro Osteoclast Formation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113611. [PMID: 35684547 PMCID: PMC9182001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation is the key approach in treating osteoporosis. However, using state-of-the-art treatments such as bisphosphonates and estrogen-based therapy is usually accompanied by many side effects. As opposed to this, the use of natural products as an osteoporotic remedy delivers promising outcomes with minimal side effects. (2) Methods: In the present study, we implemented a biochemometric workflow comprising (i) chemometric approaches using NMR and mass spectrometry and (ii) cell biological approaches using an osteoclast cytochemical marker (TRAP). The workflow serves as a screening tool to pursue potential in vitro osteoclast inhibitors. (3) Results: The workflow allowed for the selective isolation of two phenylpropanoids (coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol) from the fruits of neem tree (Azadirachta indica). These two isolated phenylpropanoids showed a very promising dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclast differentiation with negligible effects in terms of cell viability. (4) Conclusion: The presented workflow is an effective tool in the discovery of potential candidates for osteoclast inhibition from complex extracts. The used biochemometric approach saves time, effort and costs while delivering precise hints to selectively isolate bioactive constituents.
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Liu J, Liu H, Jia Y, Tan Z, Hou R, Lu J, Luo D, Fu X, Wang L, Wang X. Glucose-sensitive delivery of tannic acid by a photo-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel film for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1644-1663. [PMID: 35446748 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2068948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A glucose-sensitive antibacterial and anti-inflammatory hydrogel film with controlled release of tannic acid (TA) was synthesized using chitosan (CS). Specifically, the photo-crosslinked CS hydrogel was first obtained and then immersed in TA solution to generate composite hydrogel film with enhanced mechanical properties. Subsequently, N-hydroxysuccinimide/1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide based coupling chemistry was used to covalently crosslink glucose oxidase (GOx) to CS to obtain glucose sensitivity. The physicochemical properties, including chemical composition, enzyme-related characteristics, glucose responsiveness, and mechanical strength, were thoroughly investigated, followed by the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory tests. The results showed that the GOx immobilized on the film surface by covalent bonding gave better stability than those that were physically adsorbed. In addition, it could quickly and correspondingly modify its inner pore structure in response to the glucose stimulus and then control the loaded TA release. Meanwhile, the TA addition could enhance the film's mechanical properties. The composite hydrogel film demonstrated adequate biocompatibility and can inhibit NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production in stimulated macrophages, as well as Porphyromonas gingivalis growth, demonstrating effective antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongliang Jia
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziwei Tan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruxia Hou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Lu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyu Fu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
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Park KR, Park JE, Kim B, Kwon IK, Hong JT, Yun HM. Calycosin-7-O-β-Glucoside Isolated from Astragalus membranaceus Promotes Osteogenesis and Mineralization in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111362. [PMID: 34768792 PMCID: PMC8583672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have received attention in various diseases, such as inflammatory, cancer, and bone diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are critical for forming and repairing bone tissues. Herein, we isolated calycosin-7-O-β-glucoside (Caly) from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, which is one of the most famous medicinal herbs, and investigated the osteogenic activities of Caly in MSCs. Caly did not affect cytotoxicity against MSCs, whereas Caly enhanced cell migration during the osteogenesis of MSCs. Caly increased the expression and enzymatic activities of ALP and the formation of mineralized nodules during the osteogenesis of MSCs. The osteogenesis and bone-forming activities of Caly are mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), phospho-Smad1/5/8, Wnt3a, phospho-GSK3β, and phospho-AKT, inducing the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, Caly-mediated osteogenesis and RUNX2 expression were attenuated by noggin and wortmannin. Moreover, the effects were validated in pre-osteoblasts committed to the osteoblast lineages from MSCs. Overall, our results provide novel evidence that Caly stimulates osteoblast lineage commitment of MSCs by triggering RUNX2 expression, suggesting Caly as a potential anabolic drug to prevent bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Medical Device Research Center, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ji Eun Park
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea; (J.E.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Bomi Kim
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea; (J.E.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Medical Device Research Center, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.H.); (H.-M.Y.); Tel.: +82-02-961-0691 (H.-M.Y.); Fax: +82-02-960-1457 (H.-M.Y.)
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.T.H.); (H.-M.Y.); Tel.: +82-02-961-0691 (H.-M.Y.); Fax: +82-02-960-1457 (H.-M.Y.)
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Biological Mechanisms of Paeonoside in the Differentiation of Pre-Osteoblasts and the Formation of Mineralized Nodules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136899. [PMID: 34199016 PMCID: PMC8268717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia suffruticosa is a magnificent and long-lived woody plant that has traditionally been used to treat various diseases including inflammatory, neurological, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we demonstrated the biological mechanisms of paeonoside (PASI) isolated from the dried roots of P. suffruticosa in pre-osteoblasts. Herein, we found that PASI has no cytotoxic effects on pre-osteoblasts. Migration assay showed that PASI promoted wound healing and transmigration in osteoblast differentiation. PASI increased early osteoblast differentiation and mineralized nodule formation. In addition, PASI enhanced the expression of Wnt3a and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and activated their downstream molecules, Smad1/5/8 and β-catenin, leading to increases in runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression during osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, PASI-mediated osteoblast differentiation was attenuated by inhibiting the BMP2 and Wnt3a pathways, which was accompanied by reduction in the expression of RUNX2 in the nucleus. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that PASI enhances osteoblast differentiation and mineralized nodules by regulating RUNX2 expression through the BMP2 and Wnt3a pathways, suggesting a potential role for PASI targeting osteoblasts to treat bone diseases including osteoporosis and periodontitis.
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Toxicity of Jegosaponins A and B from Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini in Prostate Cancer Cells and Zebrafish Embryos Resulting from Increased Membrane Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126354. [PMID: 34198577 PMCID: PMC8246325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Screening of medicinal herbs is one of the most powerful approaches to identifying novel therapeutic molecules against many human diseases. To avoid potential harmful effects during medicinal use, toxicity testing is necessary in the early stages of drug discovery. The objective of this study was to identify the cytotoxic mechanisms of jegosaponin A and B from Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini; (2) Methods: We screened Japanese medicinal herb extracts using PC-3 prostate cancer cells and found that a methanol extract isolated from the unripe fruit of Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini (SJSZ) had an inhibitory effect on cell viability. We further performed fractionation assays with PC-3 cells and identified the bioactive compounds using LC/MS and NMR analysis. We clarified the toxic mechanisms of these compounds using PC-3 cells and zebrafish embryos; (3) Results: We identified two active molecules, jegosaponin A and jegosaponin B, in the inhibitory fractions of the methanol extract. These jegosaponins are toxic to zebrafish embryos during the early developmental stage. Jegosaponin A and B showed strong haemolytic activity in sheep defibrinated blood (EC50 = 2.1 μM, and 20.2 μM, respectively) and increased the cell membrane permeability in PC-3 cells and zebrafish embryos, which were identified using a membrane non-permeable DRAQ7, a fluorescent nucleus staining dye; (4) We identified the cytotoxic compounds jegosaponin A and B from SJSZ, which we showed to exhibit cell membrane disruptive properties using cell- and zebrafish-based testing.
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Xia H, Liu J, Yang W, Liu M, Luo Y, Yang Z, Xie J, Zeng H, Xu R, Ling H, Zeng Q, Xu H, Fang L, Wang H, Tong P, Jin H, Yang F. Integrated Strategy of Network Pharmacological Prediction and Experimental Validation Elucidate Possible Mechanism of Bu-Yang Herbs in Treating Postmenopausal Osteoporosis via ESR1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654714. [PMID: 34045964 PMCID: PMC8144472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a type of bone metabolism disease-related to estrogen deficiency with an increasing incidence. Traditional Chinese (TCM) has always been used and showed effectiveness in treating PMOP. In the current study, Bu-Yang herbs were considered to be the most frequently used and efficient TCM herbs in PMOP treatment. However, chemical and pharmacological profiles were not elucidated. Network pharmacology was conducted on representative Bu-Yang herbs (Yin-Yang-Huo. Du-Zhong, Bu-Gu-Zhi, Tu-Si-Zi) to investigate the mechanism of Bu-Yang herbs on PMOP. Chemical compounds, potential targets, and disease related genes were available from the corresponding database. Results showed that Bu-Yang herbs could interact with ESR1 and estrogen signaling pathways. For further validation, the Bu-Yang decoction (BYD), formula consisted of the above-mentioned 4 Bu-Yang herbs was presented for experimental validation. In vivo, BYD significantly reversed ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis progress in a dose-dependent manner by up-regulation of bone mineral density and amelioration of bone microarchitecture. In vitro, BYD dramatically improved the proliferation and mineral nodules formation of osteoblasts. Both in vitro and in vivo results illustrated that the phenotype change induced by BYD is correlated with up-regulated of ESR1 and activation of the β-catenin pathway. Meanwhile, inhibition of ESR1 by ICI182, 780 blocked the osteogenic phenotype and β-catenin pathway activation induced by BYD. In conclusion, the current study suggested that Bu-Yang herbs are the most useful TCM herbs in treating PMOP. Furthermore, the integrated strategy of network pharmacology prediction with experimental validation suggested that BYD exerted its anti-PMOP via ESR1 and the downstream mechanism might be activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanting Xia
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangyuan Liu
- Graduated School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- Graduated School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Graduated School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingbo Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Fengcheng City, Fengcheng, China
| | - Huiliang Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Rui Xu
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Houfu Ling
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghe Zeng
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Fang
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Graduated School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Yang
- Graduated School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Park KR, Lee JY, Cho M, Hong JT, Yun HM. Paeonolide as a Novel Regulator of Core-Binding Factor Subunit Alpha-1 in Bone-Forming Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094924. [PMID: 34066458 PMCID: PMC8125120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeonia suffruticosa has been extensively used as a traditional medicine with various beneficial effects; paeonolide (PALI) was isolated from its dried roots. This study aimed to investigate the novel effects and mechanisms of PALI in pre-osteoblasts. Here, cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Early and late osteoblast differentiation was examined by analyzing the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and by staining it with Alizarin red S (ARS). Cell migration was assessed using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were used to examine the intracellular signaling pathways and differentiation proteins. PALI (0.1, 1, 10, 30, and 100 μM) showed no cytotoxic or proliferative effects in pre-osteoblasts. In the absence of cytotoxicity, PALI (1, 10, and 30 μM) promoted wound healing and transmigration during osteoblast differentiation. ALP staining demonstrated that PALI (1, 10, and 30 μM) promoted early osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, and ARS staining showed an enhanced mineralized nodule formation, a key indicator of late osteoblast differentiation. Additionally, low concentrations of PALI (1 and 10 μM) increased the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)–Smad1/5/8 and Wnt–β-catenin pathways in osteoblast differentiation. Particularly, PALI (1 and 10 μM) increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 compared with BMP2 treatment, an FDA-approved drug for bone diseases. Furthermore, PALI-mediated early and late osteoblast differentiation was abolished in the presence of the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. PALI-induced RUNX2 (Cbfa1) expression and nuclear localization were also attenuated by blocking the ERK1/2 pathway during osteoblast differentiation. We suggest that PALI has biologically novel activities, such as enhanced osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization mainly through the intracellular ERK1/2-RUNX2 signaling pathway, suggesting that PALI might have therapeutic action and aid the treatment and prevention of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Joon Yeop Lee
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Myounglae Cho
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-961-0691; Fax: +82-02-960-1457
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