1
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Chaudhary T, Upadhyay PK. A Bird's Eye Review of Recent Reports on 1,3,4-oxadiazoles' Anti-inflammatory Insights Perspectives. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:595-606. [PMID: 37157211 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230508124847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory agents suppress inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, prostacyclins, cytokines, thromboxane, histamine, bradykinins, COX-I and COX-II, 5-LOX, and other substances. These inflammatory chemicals create inflammatory responses when tissue is injured by trauma, bacteria, heat, toxins, or other factors. These inflammatory reactions may result in fluid flow from the blood vessels into the tissues, resulting in swelling. When the therapeutic importance of these clinically beneficial medications in treating inflammation was recognized, it spurred the invention of even more powerful and important molecules. Oxadiazole derivatives are exceptionally potent NSAIDs, and they are widely used. Comprehensive biochemical, structure-activity-relationship and pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that these 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. This review article outlines the synthesis scheme for 1,3,4-oxadiazole used in treating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Chaudhary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Ewieda SY, Ahmed EM, Hassan RA, Hassan MSA. Pyridazine derivatives as selective COX-2 inhibitors: A review on recent updates. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1595-1623. [PMID: 37751330 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have several advantages over nonselective COX inhibitors (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), including the absence of adverse effects (renal and hepatic disorders) associated with the long-term use of standard NSAIDs, as well as an improved gastrointestinal profile. The pyridazine nucleus is regarded as a promising scaffold for the development of powerful COX-2 inhibitors, particularly when selectively functionalized. This article summarizes some methods for the synthesis of pyridazine derivatives. Furthermore, it covers all of the pyridazine derivatives that have appeared as selective COX-2 inhibitors, making it useful as a reference for the rational design of novel selective COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y Ewieda
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa S A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Li X, Yan X, Yang D, Chen S, Yuan H. Probing the Interaction between Isoflucypram Fungicides and Human Serum Albumin: Multiple Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12521. [PMID: 37569896 PMCID: PMC10420152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the potential toxicity risks of isoflucypram in humans, The interaction between isoflucypram and HSA (human serum albumin) was studied through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, ultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The interaction details were studied using the molecular docking method and molecular dynamics simulation method. The results revealed that the effect of isoflucypram on human serum albumin was mixed (static and dynamic) quenching. Additionally, we were able to obtain important information on the number of binding sites, binding constants, and binding distance. The interaction between isoflucypram and human serum albumin occurred mainly through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Spectroscopic results showed that isoflucypram caused conformational changes in HSA (human serum albumin), in which the α-helix was transformed into a β-turn, β-sheet, and random coil, causing the HSA structure to loosen. By providing new insights into the mechanism of binding between isoflucypram and human serum albumin, our study has important implications for assessing the potential toxicity risks associated with isoflucypram exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | - Huizhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (S.C.)
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4
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Mikus J, Świątek P, Przybyła P, Krzyżak E, Marciniak A, Kotynia A, Redzicka A, Wiatrak B, Jawień P, Gębarowski T, Szczukowski Ł. Synthesis, Biological, Spectroscopic and Computational Investigations of Novel N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives of Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone as Dual COX/LOX Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:5479. [PMID: 37513351 PMCID: PMC10383271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Secure and efficient treatment of diverse pain and inflammatory disorders is continually challenging. Although NSAIDs and other painkillers are well-known and commonly available, they are sometimes insufficient and can cause dangerous adverse effects. As yet reported, derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone are potent COX-2 inhibitors with a COX-2/COX-1 selectivity index better than meloxicam. Considering that N-acylhydrazone (NAH) moiety is a privileged structure occurring in many promising drug candidates, we decided to introduce this pharmacophore into new series of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone derivatives. The current paper presents the synthesis and in vitro, spectroscopic, and in silico studies evaluating the biological and physicochemical properties of NAH derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone. Novel compounds 5a-c-7a-c were received with high purity and good yields and did not show cytotoxicity in the MTT assay. Their COX-1, COX-2, and 15-LOX inhibitory activities were estimated using enzymatic tests and molecular docking studies. The title N-acylhydrazones appeared to be promising dual COX/LOX inhibitors. Moreover, spectroscopic and computational methods revealed that new compounds form stable complexes with the most abundant plasma proteins-AAG and HSA, but do not destabilize their secondary structure. Additionally, predicted pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of investigated molecules suggest their potentially good membrane permeability and satisfactory bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mikus
- Student Science Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (J.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Przybyła
- Student Science Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (J.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (E.K.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Marciniak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (E.K.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksadra Kotynia
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (E.K.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Redzicka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland; (P.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland; (P.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
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5
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Menter DG, Bresalier RS. An Aspirin a Day: New Pharmacological Developments and Cancer Chemoprevention. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:165-186. [PMID: 36202092 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052020-023107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent the progression or recurrence of cancer. A large body of preclinical and clinical data suggest the ability of aspirin to prevent precursor lesions and cancers, but much of the clinical data are inferential and based on descriptive epidemiology, case control, and cohort studies or studies designed to answer other questions (e.g., cardiovascular mortality). Multiple pharmacological, clinical, and epidemiologic studies suggest that aspirin can prevent certain cancers but may also cause other effects depending on the tissue or disease and organ site in question. The best-known biological targets of aspirin are cyclooxygenases, which drive a wide variety of functions, including hemostasis, inflammation, and immune modulation. Newly recognized molecular and cellular interactions suggest additional modifiable functional targets, and the existence of consensus molecular cancer subtypes suggests that aspirin may have differential effects based on tumor heterogeneity. This review focuses on new pharmacological developments and innovations in biopharmacology that clarify the potential role of aspirin in cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA;
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6
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Wiatrak B, Krzyżak E, Szczęśniak-Sięga B, Szandruk-Bender M, Szeląg A, Nowak B. Effect of tricyclic 1,2-thiazine derivatives in neuroinflammation induced by preincubation with lipopolysaccharide or coculturing with microglia-like cells. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:890-908. [PMID: 36129673 PMCID: PMC9584986 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. One of the modifiable causes of AD is neuroinflammation. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of new tricyclic 1,2-thiazine derivatives on in vitro model of neuroinflammation and their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
Methods The potential anti-inflammatory effect of new tricyclic 1,2-thiazine derivatives (TP1, TP4, TP5, TP6, TP7, TP8, TP9, TP10) was assessed in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated to the neuron-like phenotype incubated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (5 or 50 μg/ml) or THP-1 microglial cell culture supernatant using MTT, DCF-DA, Griess, and fast halo (FHA) assays. Additionally, for cultures preincubated with 50 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cyclooxygenase (COX) activity assay was performed. Finally, the potential ability of tested compounds to cross the BBB was evaluated by computational studies. Molecular docking was performed with the TLR4/MD-2 complex to assess the possibility of binding the tested compounds in the LPS binding pocket. Prediction of ADMET parameters (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) was also conducted. Results The unfavorable effect of LPS and co-culture with THP-1 cells on neuronal cell viability was counteracted with TP1 and TP4 in all tested concentrations. Tested compounds reduced the oxidative and nitrosative stress induced by both LPS and microglia activation and also reduced DNA damage. Furthermore, new derivatives inhibited total COX activity. Additionally, new compounds would cross the BBB with high probability and reach concentrations in the brain not lower than in the serum. The binding affinity at the TLR4/MD-2 complex binding site of TP4 and TP8 compounds is similar to that of the drug donepezil used in Alzheimer's disease. The ADMET analysis showed that the tested compounds should not be toxic and should show high intestinal absorption. Conclusions New tricyclic 1,2-thiazine derivatives exert a neuroregenerative effect in the neuroinflammation model, presumably via their inhibitory influence on COX activity and reduction of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-022-00414-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Szandruk-Bender
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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Sharma D, Om H, Sharma AK. Potential Synthetic Routes and Metal-Ion Sensing Applications of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: An Integrative Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:416-436. [PMID: 35617470 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxadiazoles, especially 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, stand among the foremost heterocyclic fragments with a broad spectrum of applications in diverse fields, including pharmacology, polymers, material science, and organic electronics, among others. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the pivotal synthetic strategies for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives including dehydrogenative cyclization of 1,2-diacylhydrazines, oxidative cyclization of acylhydrazones, condensation cyclization, C-H activation of oxadiazole ring, decarboxylative cyclization and oxidative annulation along with plausible mechanisms. The set of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles selected from the literature and discussed herein epitomize the ease of synthesis as well as the possibility of linking π-conjugated groups; thereby encouraging the use of these molecules as important starting building blocks for a wide variety of fluorescent frameworks, particularly in the development of potential chemosensors. High photoluminescent quantum yield, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and the presence of potential coordination (N and O donor atoms) sites make these molecules a prominent choice for metal-ions sensors. An overview of selective metal-ion sensing, the detection limit along with the sensing mechanisms (photo-induced electron transfer, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, and complex formation) is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
| | - Hari Om
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
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8
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Ahmadi M, Bekeschus S, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Wende K. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: recent advances in the use of synthetic COX-2 inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:471-496. [PMID: 35685617 PMCID: PMC9132194 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes comprise COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms and are responsible for prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins have critical roles in the inflammation pathway and must be controlled by administration of selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been among the most used NSAIDs during the ongoing coronavirus 2019 pandemic because they reduce pain and protect against inflammation-related diseases. In this framework, the mechanism of action of both COX isoforms (particularly COX-2) as inflammation mediators must be reviewed. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 must be highlighted due to their major participation in upregulation of the inflammatory reaction. Structural and functional analyses of selective COX-2 inhibitors within the active-site cavity of COXs could enable introduction of lead structures with higher selectivity and potency against inflammation with fewer adverse effects. This review focuses on the biological activity of recently discovered synthetic COX-2, dual COX-2/lipoxygenase, and COX-2/soluble epoxide hydrolase hybrid inhibitors based primarily on the active motifs of related US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. These new agents could provide several advantages with regard to anti-inflammatory activity, gastrointestinal protection, and a safer profile compared with those of the NSAIDs celecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald) Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald) Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Walther-Rathenau-Straße 49A 17489 Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
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9
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Hassan MSA, Ahmed EM, El-Malah AA, Kassab AE. Anti-inflammatory activity of pyridazinones: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200067. [PMID: 35532263 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pyridazinone core has emerged as a leading structure for fighting inflammation, with low ulcerogenic effects. Moreover, easy functionalization of various ring positions of the pyridazinone core structure makes it an attractive synthetic and therapeutic target for the design and synthesis of anti-inflammatory agents. The present review surveys the recent advances of pyridazinone derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents to provide insights into the rational design of more effective anti-inflammatory pyridazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf A El-Malah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Ruslin R, Yamin Y, Kasmawati H, Mangrura S, Kadidae L, Alroem A, Arba M. The Search for Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammation Disease: An in-silico Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:783-791. [PMID: 35444425 PMCID: PMC9014226 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s359429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslin Ruslin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Ruslin Ruslin, Email
| | - Yamin Yamin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
| | - Henny Kasmawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
| | - Samuel Mangrura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural; Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
| | - Laode Kadidae
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural; Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
| | - Armid Alroem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural; Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Arba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
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11
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Jeelan Basha N, Basavarajaiah SM, Shyamsunder K. Therapeutic potential of pyrrole and pyrrolidine analogs: an update. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2915-2937. [PMID: 35079946 PMCID: PMC8788913 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India.
| | - S M Basavarajaiah
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560004, India
| | - K Shyamsunder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India
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12
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Bakr RB, Elkanzi NA. Novel 1,2-thiazine-pyridine hybrid: Design, synthesis, antioxidant activity and molecular docking study. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220106112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background & objectives:
1,2-thiazine and pyridine heterocycles drew much attention due to their biological activities including antioxidant activity. Based upon fragment based drug design, novel pyrido[1,2]thiazines 9a-c, thiazolidinopyrido[1,2]thiazines 10a-c and azetidinopyrido[1,2]thiazines 11a-c were designed and prepared.
Methods:
These novel derivatives 9a-c, 10a-c and 11a-c were subjected to screening for their antioxidant activity via various assays as DPPH radical scavenging potential, reducing power assay and metal chelating potential.
Results:
All the assayed derivatives exhibited excellent antioxidant potential and the tested compounds 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a and 11b exhibited higher DPPH scavenging potential (EC50 = 32.7, 53, 36.1, 60, 40.6 and 67 µM, respectively) than ascorbic acid (EC50 = 86.58 µM). While targets 9a, 10a and 11a (RP50 = 52.19, 59.16 and 52.25 µM, respectively) exhibited better reducing power than the ascorbic acid (RP50 = 84.66 µM). Computational analysis had been utilized to prophesy the bioactivity and molecular properties of the target compounds.
Conclusion:
To predict the binding manner of the novel derivatives as antioxidants, in-silico docking study had been performed to all the newly prepared compounds inside superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) active site. The most active antioxidant candidate 9a (EC50 = 32.7 µM, RP50 = 52.19 µM) displayed excellent binding with Lys134 amino acid residing at Cu-Zn loop of SOD with binding energy score = -7.54 Kcal/mol thereby increase SOD activity and decrease reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania B. Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nadia A.A. Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Recent development on COX-2 inhibitors as promising anti-inflammatory agents: The past 10 years. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2790-2807. [PMID: 35755295 PMCID: PMC9214066 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases play a vital role in inflammation and are responsible for the production of prostaglandins. Two cyclooxygenases are described, the constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 and the inducible cyclooxygenase-2, for which the target inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Prostaglandins are a class of lipid compounds that mediate acute and chronic inflammation. NSAIDs are the most frequent choices for treatment of inflammation. Nevertheless, currently used anti-inflammatory drugs have become associated with a variety of adverse effects which lead to diminished output even market withdrawal. Recently, more studies have been carried out on searching novel selective COX-2 inhibitors with safety profiles. In this review, we highlight the various structural classes of organic and natural scaffolds with efficient COX-2 inhibitory activity reported during 2011–2021. It will be valuable for pharmaceutical scientists to read up on the current chemicals to pave the way for subsequent research.
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14
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An Investigation into the Interaction between Double Hydroxide-Based Antioxidant Benzophenone Derivatives and Cyclooxygenase 2. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216622. [PMID: 34771031 PMCID: PMC8587043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases 2 (COX2) is a therapeutic target for many inflammation and oxidative stress associated diseases. A high-throughput technique, biolayer interferometry, was performed to primarily screen the potential COX2 binding activities of twelve newly synthesized double hydroxide-based benzophenone derivatives. Binding confirmation was achieved by molecular docking and multi-spectroscopy studies. Such a combined method provided a comprehensive understanding of binding mechanism and conformational changes. Compounds DB2, SC2 and YB2 showed effective COX2 binding activity and underlined the benefits of three phenolic hydroxyl groups adjacent to each other on the B ring. The twelve tested derivatives were further evaluated for antioxidant activity, wherein compound SC2 showed the highest activity. Its concentration for the 50% of maximal effect (EC50) value was approximately 1000 times greater than that of the positive controls. SC2 treatment effectively improved biochemical indicators caused by oxidative stress. Overall, compound SC2 could serve as a promising candidate for further development of a new potent COX2 inhibitor.
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New N-Substituted-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives of Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone with Significant Anti-Inflammatory Activity-Design, Synthesis and Complementary In Vitro, Computational and Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011235. [PMID: 34681894 PMCID: PMC8540742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regarding that the chronic use of commonly available non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often restricted by their adverse effects, there is still a current need to search for and develop new, safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents. As a continuation of our previous work, we designed and synthesized a series of 18 novel N-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-based derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone 4a-c-9a-c. The target compounds were afforded via a convenient way of synthesis, with good yields. The executed cell viability assay revealed that molecules 4a-7a, 9a, 4b-7b, 4c-7c do not exert a cytotoxic effect and were qualified for further investigations. According to the performed in vitro test, compounds 4a-7a, 9a, 4b, 7b, 4c show significant cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity and a promising COX-2/COX-1 selectivity ratio. These findings are supported by a molecular docking study which demonstrates that new derivatives take position in the active site of COX-2 very similar to Meloxicam. Moreover, in the carried out in vitro evaluation within cells, the title molecules increase the viability of cells pre-incubated with the pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide and reduce the level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in induced oxidative stress. The spectroscopic and molecular modeling study discloses that new compounds bind favorably to site II(m) of bovine serum albumin. Finally, we have also performed some in silico pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness predictions. Taking all of the results into consideration, the molecules belonging to series a (4a-7a, 9a) show the most promising biological profile.
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Synthesis of Halogenated 1,5-Diarylimidazoles and Their Inhibitory Effects on LPS-Induced PGE 2 Production in RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206093. [PMID: 34684673 PMCID: PMC8538130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of halogenated 1,5-diarylimidazole compounds were synthesized and their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. A wide variety of 2,4-, 4-, and 2-halogenated 5-aryl-1-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)imidazoles were synthesized for SAR study via two different pathways. Overall, 4-halogenated 5-aryl-1-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)imidazoles, regardless of the species of halogen, exhibited very strong inhibitory activities of PGE2 production. Among them, 4-chloro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)imidazole (3, IC50 3.3 nM ± 2.93), and 4-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)imidazole (13, IC50 5.3 nM ± 0.23) showed the best results.
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Peregrym K, Szczukowski Ł, Wiatrak B, Potyrak K, Czyżnikowska Ż, Świątek P. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of New 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives of Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone as Promising Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179130. [PMID: 34502040 PMCID: PMC8431030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since long-term use of classic NSAIDs can cause severe side effects related mainly to the gastroduodenal tract, discovery of novel cyclooxygenase inhibitors with a safe gastric profile still remains a crucial challenge. Based on the most recent literature data and previous own studies, we decided to modify the structure of already reported 1,3,4-oxadiazole based derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone in order to obtain effective COX inhibitors. Herein we present the synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of 12 novel compounds with disubstituted arylpiperazine pharmacophore linked in a different way with 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring. None of the obtained molecules show cytotoxicity on NHDF and THP-1 cell lines and, therefore, all were qualified for further investigation. In vitro cyclooxygenase inhibition assay revealed almost equal activity of new derivatives towards both COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes. Moreover, all compounds inhibit COX-2 isoform better than Meloxicam which was used as reference. Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed in biological assays according to which title molecules are able to reduce induced inflammation within cells. Molecular docking studies were performed to describe the binding mode of new structures to cyclooxygenase. Investigated derivatives take place in the active site of COX, very similar to Meloxicam. For some compounds, promising druglikeness was calculated using in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Peregrym
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (Ł.S.); (P.Ś.); Tel.: +48-71-784-03-91 (P.Ś.)
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Potyrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Żaneta Czyżnikowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (Ł.S.); (P.Ś.); Tel.: +48-71-784-03-91 (P.Ś.)
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Szkatuła D, Krzyżak E, Stanowska P, Duda M, Wiatrak B. A New N-Substituted 1 H-Isoindole-1,3(2 H)-Dione Derivative-Synthesis, Structure and Affinity for Cyclooxygenase Based on In Vitro Studies and Molecular Docking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147678. [PMID: 34299298 PMCID: PMC8306876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives constitute an important group of medicinal substances. In this study, nine new 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione derivatives and five potential pharmacophores were obtained in good yield (47.24–92.91%). The structure of the new imides was confirmed by the methods of elemental and spectral analysis: FT–IR, H NMR, and MS. Based on the obtained results of ESI–MS the probable path of the molecules decay and the hypothetical structure of the resulting pseudo-molecular ions have been proposed. The physicochemical properties of the new phthalimides were determined on the basis of Lipiński’s rule. The biological properties were determined in terms of their cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity. Three compounds showed greater inhibition of COX-2, three compounds inhibited COX-1 more strongly than the reference compound meloxicam. From the obtained results, the affinity ratio COX-2/COX-1 was calculated. Two compounds had a value greater than that of meloxicam. All tested compounds showed oxidative or nitrosan stress (ROS and RNS) scavenging activity. The degree of chromatin relaxation outside the cell nucleus was lower than the control after incubation with all test compounds. The newly synthesized phthalimide derivatives showed no cytotoxic activity in the concentration range studied (10–90 µM). A molecular docking study was used to determined interactions inside the active site of cyclooxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Szkatuła
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Paulina Stanowska
- Student Scientific Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Magdalena Duda
- Student Scientific Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Palumbo Piccionello A. Editorial for Special Issue "Bioactive Oxadiazoles". Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083988. [PMID: 33924410 PMCID: PMC8068963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies-STEBICEF, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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