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Mehrizi TZ, Ardestani MS, Kafiabad SA. A Review of the Use of Metallic Nanoparticles as a Novel Approach for Overcoming the Stability Challenges of Blood Products: A Narrative Review from 2011-2021. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 20:261-280. [PMID: 35570560 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220513092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To obtain safe and qualified blood products (e.g., platelets, plasma, and red blood cells), various limitations such as limited shelf life (especially for platelets) and stability must be addressed. In this review study, the most commonly used metal nanomaterials (e.g., gold, silver, iron, and magnetic) reported in the literature from 2011 to 2021 were discussed owing to their unique properties, which provide exciting approaches to overcome these limitations and improve the stability, safety, and quality of blood products. Novelty: This study reviews for the first time the results of studies (from 2011 to 2021) that consider the effects of various metallic nanoparticles on the different blood products. RESULTS The results of this review study showed that some metallic nanoparticles are effective in improving the stability of plasma proteins. For this purpose, modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and citrate-AuNPs protect albumin products against stressful situations. Also, SiO2 microspheres and silicacoated magnetite nanoparticles are highly capable of improving IgG stability. ZnO nanoparticles also reduced thrombin production, and protein-coated GMNP nanoparticles prevented unwanted leakage of factor VIII through blood vessels. Furthermore, the stability and longevity of erythrocytes can be improved by AuNP nanoparticles and Zr-based organic nanoparticles. In addition, platelet storage time can be improved using PEGylated Au and functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles. SUGGESTION According to the results of this study, it is suggested that further research should be conducted on metal nanoparticles as the most promising candidates to prepare metal nanoparticles with improved properties to increase the stability of various blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Zadeh Mehrizi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amini Kafiabad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Sandu N, Popescu AI, Chilom CG. Probing the interaction of fisetin with human serum transferrin via spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9613-9619. [PMID: 34098861 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1934545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The binding of fisetin to human serum transferrin (HST) was investigated by spectroscopic (steady-state fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, Förster resonance energy transfer) and molecular docking approaches. HST fluorescence is quenched by fisetin by a static process. The binding takes place with a moderate affinity and it is driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Synchronous fluorescence study indicates that Trp is more involved in the fluorescent quenching of HST by fisetin than Tyr. The energy transfer between HST and fisetin occurs at a distance of 2.31 nm confirming the results obtained by fluorescence. The binding of fisetin to HST favors thermal denaturation of HST conformation. The transition temperature for HST was obtained at 53.81 °C while the presence of the fisetin led to its change to 49.06 °C. The molecular docking of fisetin to HST confirms the results obtained by the spectroscopic experiments showing a moderate affinity of fisetin for HST.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Sandu
- Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel I Popescu
- Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia G Chilom
- Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Zhou J, Yu Y, Luan Y, Dai W. The Formation of Protein Corona by Nanoplastics and Horseradish Peroxidase. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4467. [PMID: 36558320 PMCID: PMC9784054 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In theory, nanoplastics (NPs) can adsorb biological macromolecules, such as proteins, in the surrounding environment to form protein corona (PC). In this study, we focus on amino polystyrene (PS) NPs and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to explore the dynamic process of the formation of PS-HRP PC and their influence on PS and HRP. This work used atomic force microscopy, laser particle size and Zeta potential analyzer, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. According to the adsorption behavior of HRP to NPs, the surface morphology characteristics of NPs can be observed to change at 60 min. Meanwhile, the increase in size and hydrodynamic diameter, the decrease in Zeta potential, surface roughness and HRP activity, and the change in HRP structure attest to the PC formation. The thickness of the PC was approximately 30 nm and there are differences in the dynamic and static variations in the size of the PC. The PC formation process progresses gradually from 0 min to 240 min. Overall, the formation of PS-HRP PC is identified, and the changes in its properties are confirmed from the perspective of nanoplastics and peroxidase, which help study the effects of nanoplastics on the environment and creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Dai
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.D.)
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Cazacu N, Chilom CG, David M, Florescu M. Conformational Changes in the BSA-LT4 Complex Induced by the Presence of Vitamins: Spectroscopic Approach and Molecular Docking. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084215. [PMID: 35457032 PMCID: PMC9027512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Levothyroxine (LT4) is known for its use in various conditions including hypothyroidism. LT4 interaction with serum albumin may be influenced by the presence of vitamins. For this reason, we investigated the effect of vitamin C, vitamin B12, and folic acid on the complex of Bovine Serum Albumin with LT4 (BSA-LT4). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the influence of vitamins on the BSA-LT4 complex. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a static quenching mechanism of the fluorescence of BSA-LT4 complex by the vitamin C and folic acid and a combined mechanism for vitamin B12. The interaction of vitamin C and folic acid with BSA-LT4 was moderate, while the binding of vitamin B12 was much stronger, extending the storage time of LT4 in blood plasma. Synchronous fluorescence found that the vitamins were closer to the vicinity of Trp than to Tyr and the effect was more pronounced for the binding of vitamin B12. The thermal stability of the BSA-LT4 complex was more evident, but no influence on the stability of BSA-LT4 complex was obtained for vitamin C. Molecular docking studies showed that vitamin C and folic acid bound the same site of the protein, while vitamin B12 bonded to a different site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Cazacu
- Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Str. Atomistilor No. 405, CP MG-11, Bucuresti-Magurele, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (N.C.); (C.G.C.)
| | - Claudia G. Chilom
- Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Str. Atomistilor No. 405, CP MG-11, Bucuresti-Magurele, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (N.C.); (C.G.C.)
| | - Melinda David
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Str. Universitatii No. 1, Building C, Room CI30, 500068 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Monica Florescu
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Str. Universitatii No. 1, Building C, Room CI30, 500068 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Shahemi NH, Liza S, Sawae Y, Morita T, Shinmori H, Yaakob Y. Effects of surface wettability and thermal conductivity on the wear performance of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/graphite and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/graphene oxide composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hidayah Shahemi
- TriPreM i‐Kohza, Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia‐Japan International Institute Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Shahira Liza
- TriPreM i‐Kohza, Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia‐Japan International Institute Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yoshinori Sawae
- Machine Elements and Design Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takehiro Morita
- Machine Elements and Design Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hironori Shinmori
- Machine Elements and Design Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yazid Yaakob
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Pei W, Cai L, Yu X, Jiang H, Chen J. Self-assembled recombinant camel serum albumin nanoparticles-encapsulated hemin with peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2103-2112. [PMID: 34793815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The construction of enzyme mimics using protein protection layers possesses advantages of high biocompatibility and superior catalytic activity, which is desirable for biomedical applications including diseases diagnosis. Here, from E. coli expression system, recombinant protein of camel serum albumin (rCSA) from Camelus bactrianus was successfully obtained to encapsulate hemin via the self-assemble method without additional toxic organic reagents. As compared with that of horseradish peroxidase, the produced rCSA-hemin nanoparticles exhibited enhanced enzyme-mimicking activity and stability under harsh experimental conditions. Additionally, the steady-state kinetic analysis of rCSA-hemin in the solution revealed its higher affinity to the substrates. Therefore, a colorimetric detection method of H2O2 and glucose was constructed with a linear range of 2.5-500 μM with an LOD of 2.39 and 2.42 μM, respectively, which was also applied for the determination of glucose in the serum samples with satisfying recovery ratio ranging from 101.1% to 112.1%. The constructed camel protein-derived nanozyme system of remarkable stability holds promising potentials for the versatile biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Qilan Xu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Pei
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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7
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Yang X, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhang S, Cui C. Cetuximab-Modified Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Doxorubicin and MDR1 siRNA for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Breast Tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7051-7069. [PMID: 34703227 PMCID: PMC8528549 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s332830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common chemotherapeutic drug used to treat many different cancers. However, multidrug resistance limits the treatment of breast cancer. MDR1 siRNA (siMDR1) combinatorial therapy has attracted significant attention as a breakthrough therapy for multidrug resistance in tumors. However, naked siRNA is easily degraded by enzymatic hydrolysis requiring an siRNA carrier for its protection. Human serum albumin (HSA) was selected as the carrier due to its excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. Cetuximab was used to modify the HSA nanoparticles in order to target the tumor tissues. Methods This study used a central composite design response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) to investigate the optimal formula for HSA NPs preparation. Cex-HSA/DOX/MDR1 siRNA (C-H/D/M) was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The efficacy of C-H/D/M tumor growth inhibitory activity was investigated in vitro and in vivo using confocal imaging, MTT assay, and an MCF-7/ADR tumor-bearing mice model. RT–qPCR, ELISA analysis, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the in vitro antitumor mechanisms of C-H/D/M. Results The diameter and PDI of the C-H/D/M were 173.57 ± 1.30 nm and 0.027 ± 0.004, respectively. C-H/D/M promoted and maintained the sustained release and the uptake of DOX significantly. After transfection, the MDR1 mRNA and P-gp expression levels were down-regulated by 44.31 ± 3.6% (P < 0.01) and 38.08 ± 2.4% (P < 0.01) in an MCF-7/ADR cell line. The fluorescent images of the treated BALB/c nude mice revealed that C-H/D/M achieved targeted delivery of siMDR1 and DOX into the tumor tissue. The in vivo tumor inhibition results demonstrated that the tumor inhibition rate of the C-H/D/M treated group was 54.05% ± 1.25%. The biosafety results indicated that C-H/D/M did not induce significant damages to the main organs in vivo. Conclusion C-H/D/M can be used as an ideal non-viral tumor-targeting vector to overcome MDR and enhance the antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
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8
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Chilom CG, Sandu N, Iftimie S, Bălăşoiu M, Rogachev A, Orelovich O, Stolyar S. Interactions of Chemically Synthesized Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles with Human Serum Transferrin: Insights from Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137034. [PMID: 34210014 PMCID: PMC8268179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum transferrin (HST) is a glycoprotein involved in iron transport that may be a candidate for functionalized nanoparticles to bind and target cancer cells. In this study, the effects of the simple and doped with cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) ferrihydrite nanoparticles (Fh-NPs, Cu-Fh-NPs, and Co-Fh-NPs) were studied by spectroscopic and molecular approaches. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a static quenching mechanism for all three types of Fh-NPs. All Fh-NPs interacted with HST with low affinity, and the binding was driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces for simple Fh-NPs and by hydrophobic interactions for Cu-Fh-NPs and Co-Fh-NPs binding, respectively. Of all samples, simple Fh-NPs bound the most to the HST binding site. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) allowed the efficient determination of the energy transfer between HST and NPs and the distance at which the transfer takes place and confirmed the mechanism of quenching. The denaturation of the HST is an endothermic process, both in the case of apo HST and HST in the presence of the three types of Fh-NPs. Molecular docking studies revealed that Fh binds with a low affinity to HST (Ka = 9.17 × 103 M−1) in accord with the fluorescence results, where the interaction between simple Fh-NPs and HST was described by a binding constant of 9.54 × 103 M−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G. Chilom
- Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Str Atomistilor 405, CP MG 11, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania; (N.S.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicoleta Sandu
- Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Str Atomistilor 405, CP MG 11, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania; (N.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Sorina Iftimie
- Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Str Atomistilor 405, CP MG 11, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania; (N.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Maria Bălăşoiu
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie No. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (M.B.); (A.R.); (O.O.)
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Per. No. 9, 141701 Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Andrey Rogachev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie No. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (M.B.); (A.R.); (O.O.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Per. No. 9, 141701 Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Oleg Orelovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie No. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (M.B.); (A.R.); (O.O.)
| | - Sergey Stolyar
- Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian, Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok St. No. 50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
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Stolyar SV, Kolenchukova OA, Boldyreva AV, Kudryasheva NS, Gerasimova YV, Krasikov AA, Yaroslavtsev RN, Bayukov OA, Ladygina VP, Birukova EA. Biogenic Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties In Vitro and In Vivo Testing and the Concentration Effect. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030323. [PMID: 33810151 PMCID: PMC8005073 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic ferrihydrite nanoparticles were synthesized as a result of the cultivation of Klebsiella oxytoca microorganisms. The distribution of nanoparticles in the body of laboratory animals and the physical properties of the nanoparticles were studied. The synthesized ferrihydrite nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature, and the characteristic blocking temperature is 23–25 K. The uncompensated moment of ferrihydrite particles was determined to be approximately 200 Bohr magnetons. In vitro testing of different concentrations of ferrihydrite nanoparticles for the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes by the chemiluminescence method showed an increase in the release of primary oxygen radicals by blood phagocytes when exposed to a minimum concentration and a decrease in secondary radicals when exposed to a maximum concentration. In vivo testing of ferrihydrite nanoparticles on Wister rats showed that a suspension of ferrihydrite nanoparticles has chronic toxicity, since it causes morphological changes in organs, mainly in the spleen, which are characterized by the accumulation of hemosiderin nanoparticles (stained blue according to Perls). Ferrihydrite can also directly or indirectly stimulate the proliferation and intracellular regeneration of hepatocytes. The partial detection of Perls-positive cells in the liver and kidneys can be explained by the rapid elimination from organs and the high dispersion of the nanomaterial. Thus, it is necessary to carry out studies of these processes at the systemic level, since the introduction of nanoparticles into the body is characterized by adaptive-proliferative processes, accompanied by the development of cell dystrophy and tension of the phagocytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Stolyar
- Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (Y.V.G.); (A.A.K.); (R.N.Y.); (O.A.B.)
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.P.L.)
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Oksana A. Kolenchukova
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-962-070-1710
| | - Anna V. Boldyreva
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Nadezda S. Kudryasheva
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Institute of Biophysics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Gerasimova
- Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (Y.V.G.); (A.A.K.); (R.N.Y.); (O.A.B.)
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Alexandr A. Krasikov
- Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (Y.V.G.); (A.A.K.); (R.N.Y.); (O.A.B.)
| | - Roman N. Yaroslavtsev
- Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (Y.V.G.); (A.A.K.); (R.N.Y.); (O.A.B.)
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Oleg A. Bayukov
- Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (Y.V.G.); (A.A.K.); (R.N.Y.); (O.A.B.)
| | - Valentina P. Ladygina
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Elena A. Birukova
- Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
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