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Choi JY, Gihaz S, Munshi M, Singh P, Vydyam P, Hamel P, Adams EM, Sun X, Khalimonchuk O, Fuller K, Ben Mamoun C. Vitamin B5 metabolism is essential for vacuolar and mitochondrial functions and drug detoxification in fungi. Commun Biol 2024; 7:894. [PMID: 39043829 PMCID: PMC11266677 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections, a leading cause of mortality among eukaryotic pathogens, pose a growing global health threat due to the rise of drug-resistant strains. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to combat this challenge. The PCA pathway for biosynthesis of Co-enzyme A (CoA) and Acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) from vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) has been validated as an excellent target for the development of new antimicrobials against fungi and protozoa. The pathway regulates key cellular processes including metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, sterols, and heme. In this study, we provide genetic evidence that disruption of the PCA pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in a significant alteration in the susceptibility of fungi to a wide range of xenobiotics, including clinically approved antifungal drugs through alteration of vacuolar morphology and drug detoxification. The drug potentiation mediated by genetic regulation of genes in the PCA pathway could be recapitulated using the pantazine analog PZ-2891 as well as the celecoxib derivative, AR-12 through inhibition of fungal AcCoA synthase activity. Collectively, the data validate the PCA pathway as a suitable target for enhancing the efficacy and safety of current antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Choi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shalev Gihaz
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Muhammad Munshi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pratap Vydyam
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrice Hamel
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily M Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kevin Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Álvarez-Córdoba M, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Munuera-Cabeza M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Romero-González A, Romero-Domínguez JM, López-Cabrera A, Armengol JÁ, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Patient-Derived Cellular Models for Polytarget Precision Medicine in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1359. [PMID: 37895830 PMCID: PMC10609847 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The term neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) brings together a broad set of progressive and disabling neurological genetic disorders in which iron is deposited preferentially in certain areas of the brain. Among NBIA disorders, the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) caused by pathologic variants in the PANK2 gene codifying the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2). To date, there are no effective treatments to stop the progression of these diseases. This review discusses the utility of patient-derived cell models as a valuable tool for the identification of pharmacological or natural compounds for implementing polytarget precision medicine in PKAN. Recently, several studies have described that PKAN patient-derived fibroblasts present the main pathological features associated with the disease including intracellular iron overload. Interestingly, treatment of mutant cell cultures with various supplements such as pantothenate, pantethine, vitamin E, omega 3, α-lipoic acid L-carnitine or thiamine, improved all pathophysiological alterations in PKAN fibroblasts with residual expression of the PANK2 enzyme. The information provided by pharmacological screenings in patient-derived cellular models can help optimize therapeutic strategies in individual PKAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Ana Romero-González
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Jose Manuel Romero-Domínguez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Alejandra López-Cabrera
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - José Ángel Armengol
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
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3
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Magistrati M, Gilea AI, Gerra MC, Baruffini E, Dallabona C. Drug Drop Test: How to Quickly Identify Potential Therapeutic Compounds for Mitochondrial Diseases Using Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10696. [PMID: 37445873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) refer to a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by defective mitochondrial function and energy production. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most MDs, and current therapeutic management is limited to relieving symptoms. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been efficiently used as a model organism to study mitochondria-related disorders thanks to its easy manipulation and well-known mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. It has been successfully exploited both to validate alleged pathogenic variants identified in patients and to discover potential beneficial molecules for their treatment. The so-called "drug drop test", a phenotype-based high-throughput screening, especially if coupled with a drug repurposing approach, allows the identification of molecules with high translational potential in a cost-effective and time-saving manner. In addition to drug identification, S. cerevisiae can be used to point out the drug's target or pathway. To date, drug drop tests have been successfully carried out for a variety of disease models, leading to very promising results. The most relevant aspect is that studies on more complex model organisms confirmed the effectiveness of the drugs, strengthening the results obtained in yeast and demonstrating the usefulness of this screening as a novel approach to revealing new therapeutic molecules for MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Magistrati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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4
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Cavestro C, Diodato D, Tiranti V, Di Meo I. Inherited Disorders of Coenzyme A Biosynthesis: Models, Mechanisms, and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065951. [PMID: 36983025 PMCID: PMC10054636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a vital and ubiquitous cofactor required in a vast number of enzymatic reactions and cellular processes. To date, four rare human inborn errors of CoA biosynthesis have been described. These disorders have distinct symptoms, although all stem from variants in genes that encode enzymes involved in the same metabolic process. The first and last enzymes catalyzing the CoA biosynthetic pathway are associated with two neurological conditions, namely pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and COASY protein-associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN), which belong to the heterogeneous group of neurodegenerations with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), while the second and third enzymes are linked to a rapidly fatal dilated cardiomyopathy. There is still limited information about the pathogenesis of these diseases, and the knowledge gaps need to be resolved in order to develop potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide a summary of CoA metabolism and functions, and a comprehensive overview of what is currently known about disorders associated with its biosynthesis, including available preclinical models, proposed pathomechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavestro
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Diodato
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy
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5
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Modopathies Caused by Mutations in Genes Encoding for Mitochondrial RNA Modifying Enzymes: Molecular Mechanisms and Yeast Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032178. [PMID: 36768505 PMCID: PMC9917222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, mitochondrial RNAs (mt-tRNAs and mt-rRNAs) are subject to specific nucleotide modifications, which are critical for distinct functions linked to the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins encoded by mitochondrial genes, and thus for oxidative phosphorylation. In recent years, mutations in genes encoding for mt-RNAs modifying enzymes have been identified as being causative of primary mitochondrial diseases, which have been called modopathies. These latter pathologies can be caused by mutations in genes involved in the modification either of tRNAs or of rRNAs, resulting in the absence of/decrease in a specific nucleotide modification and thus on the impairment of the efficiency or the accuracy of the mitochondrial protein synthesis. Most of these mutations are sporadic or private, thus it is fundamental that their pathogenicity is confirmed through the use of a model system. This review will focus on the activity of genes that, when mutated, are associated with modopathies, on the molecular mechanisms through which the enzymes introduce the nucleotide modifications, on the pathological phenotypes associated with mutations in these genes and on the contribution of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to confirming the pathogenicity of novel mutations and, in some cases, for defining the molecular defects.
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6
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Ceccatelli Berti C, Gihaz S, Figuccia S, Choi JY, Pal AC, Goffrini P, Ben Mamoun C. Evidence for a Conserved Function of Eukaryotic Pantothenate Kinases in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010435. [PMID: 36613877 PMCID: PMC9820505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human PANK1, PANK2, and PANK3 genes encode several pantothenate kinase isoforms that catalyze the phosphorylation of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) to phosphopantothenate, a critical step in the biosynthesis of the major cellular cofactor, Coenzyme A (CoA). Mutations in the PANK2 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial pantothenate kinase (PanK) isoform, have been linked to pantothenate-kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), a debilitating and often fatal progressive neurodegeneration of children and young adults. While the biochemical properties of these enzymes have been well-characterized in vitro, their expression in a model organism such as yeast in order to probe their function under cellular conditions have never been achieved. Here we used three yeast mutants carrying missense mutations in the yeast PanK gene, CAB1, which are associated with defective growth at high temperature and iron, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased iron content, and oxidative stress, to assess the cellular function of human PANK genes and functional conservation of the CoA-controlled processes between humans and yeast. Overexpression of human PANK1 and PANK3 in these mutants restored normal cellular activity whereas complementation with PANK2 was partial and could only be achieved with an isoform, PanK2mtmΔ, lacking the mitochondrial transit peptide. These data, which demonstrate functional conservation of PanK activity between humans and yeast, set the stage for the use of yeast as a model system to investigate the impact of PKAN-associated mutations on the metabolic pathways altered in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ceccatelli Berti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Shalev Gihaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sonia Figuccia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jae-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anasuya C. Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.B.M.); Tel.: +39-052-190-5107 (P.G.); +1-203-737-1972 (C.B.M.)
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.B.M.); Tel.: +39-052-190-5107 (P.G.); +1-203-737-1972 (C.B.M.)
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7
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Gihaz S, Gareiss P, Choi JY, Renard I, Pal AC, Surovsteva Y, Chiu JE, Thekkiniath J, Plummer M, Hungerford W, Montgomery ML, Hosford A, Adams EM, Lightfoot JD, Fox D, Ojo KK, Staker BL, Fuller K, Ben Mamoun C. High-resolution crystal structure and chemical screening reveal pantothenate kinase as a new target for antifungal development. Structure 2022; 30:1494-1507.e6. [PMID: 36167065 PMCID: PMC10042587 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are the leading cause of mortality by eukaryotic pathogens, with an estimated 150 million severe life-threatening cases and 1.7 million deaths reported annually. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant fungal isolates highlights the urgent need for new drugs with new mechanisms of action. In fungi, pantothenate phosphorylation, catalyzed by PanK enzyme, is the first step in the utilization of pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis. In all fungi sequenced so far, this enzyme is encoded by a single PanK gene. Here, we report the crystal structure of a fungal PanK alone as well as with high-affinity inhibitors from a single chemotype identified through a high-throughput chemical screen. Structural, biochemical, and functional analyses revealed mechanisms governing substrate and ligand binding, dimerization, and catalysis and helped identify new compounds that inhibit the growth of several Candida species. The data validate PanK as a promising target for antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalev Gihaz
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter Gareiss
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jae-Yeon Choi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Isaline Renard
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anasuya Chattopadhyay Pal
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yulia Surovsteva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Joy E Chiu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jose Thekkiniath
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Plummer
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William Hungerford
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Micaela L Montgomery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alanah Hosford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Emily M Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jorge D Lightfoot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - David Fox
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; UCB Pharma, 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Kayode K Ojo
- Center for Emerging & Re-emerging Infectious Disease, Division of Allergy & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bart L Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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8
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Dobrzyn P. CoA in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084371. [PMID: 35457189 PMCID: PMC9026968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) and its thioester derivatives are crucial components of numerous biosynthetic and degradative pathways of the cellular metabolism (including fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, the Krebs cycle, ketogenesis, cholesterol and acetylcholine biosynthesis, amino acid degradation, and neurotransmitter biosynthesis), post-translational modifications of proteins, and the regulation of gene expression [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Munshi MI, Yao SJ, Ben Mamoun C. Redesigning therapies for pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101577. [PMID: 35041826 PMCID: PMC8861153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an incurable rare genetic disorder of children and young adults caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene, which encodes an enzyme critical for the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A. Although PKAN affects only a small number of patients, it shares several hallmarks of more common neurodegenerative diseases of older adults such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Advances in etiological understanding and treatment of PKAN could therefore have implications for our understanding of more common diseases and may shed new lights on the physiological importance of Coenzyme A, a cofactor critical for the operation of various cellular metabolic processes. The large body of knowledge which accumulated over the years around PKAN pathology, including but not limited to studies of various PKAN models and therapies, has contributed not only to progress in our understanding of the disease, but as importantly, to the crystallization of key questions that guide future investigations of the disease. In this Review, we will summarize this knowledge and demonstrate how it forms the backdrop to new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I Munshi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sarah J Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Coenzyme a Biochemistry: From Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081031. [PMID: 34439650 PMCID: PMC8392065 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor in all living organisms. It is involved in a large number of biochemical processes functioning either as an activator of molecules with carbonyl groups or as a carrier of acyl moieties. Together with its thioester derivatives, it plays a central role in cell metabolism, post-translational modification, and gene expression. Furthermore, recent studies revealed a role for CoA in the redox regulation by the S-thiolation of cysteine residues in cellular proteins. The intracellular concentration and distribution in different cellular compartments of CoA and its derivatives are controlled by several extracellular stimuli such as nutrients, hormones, metabolites, and cellular stresses. Perturbations of the biosynthesis and homeostasis of CoA and/or acyl-CoA are connected with several pathological conditions, including cancer, myopathies, and cardiomyopathies. In the most recent years, defects in genes involved in CoA production and distribution have been found in patients affected by rare forms of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant aspects of CoA cellular metabolism, their role in the pathogenesis of selected neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, and recent advancements in the search for therapeutic approaches for such diseases.
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11
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Thakur N, Klopstock T, Jackowski S, Kuscer E, Tricta F, Videnovic A, Jinnah HA. Rational Design of Novel Therapies for Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2005-2016. [PMID: 34002881 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review highlights the recent scientific advances that have enabled rational design of novel clinical trials for pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), a rare autosomal recessive neurogenetic disorder associated with progressive neurodegenerative changes and functional impairment. PKAN is caused by genetic variants in the PANK2 gene that result in dysfunction in pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) enzyme activity, with consequent disruption of coenzyme A (CoA) synthesis, and subsequent accumulation of brain iron. The clinical phenotype is varied and may include dystonia, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, spasticity, loss of ambulation and ability to communicate, feeding difficulties, psychiatric issues, and cognitive and visual impairment. There are several symptom-targeted treatments, but these do not provide sustained benefit as the disorder progresses. OBJECTIVES A detailed understanding of the molecular and biochemical pathogenesis of PKAN has opened the door for the design of novel rationally designed therapeutics that target the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Two large double-blind phase 3 clinical trials have been completed for deferiprone (an iron chelation treatment) and fosmetpantotenate (precursor replacement therapy). A pilot open-label trial of pantethine as a potential precursor replacement strategy has also been completed, and a trial of 4-phosphopantetheine has begun enrollment. Several other compounds have been evaluated in pre-clinical studies, and additional clinical trials may be anticipated. CONCLUSIONS Experience with these trials has encouraged a critical evaluation of optimal trial designs, as well as the development of PKAN-specific measures to monitor outcomes. PKAN provides a valuable example for understanding targeted drug development and clinical trial design for rare disorders. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Thakur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Suzanne Jackowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Enej Kuscer
- Comet Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fernando Tricta
- Rare Diseases, Chiesi Canada Corporation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandar Videnovic
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Ceccatelli Berti C, di Punzio G, Dallabona C, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Lodi T, Donnini C. The Power of Yeast in Modelling Human Nuclear Mutations Associated with Mitochondrial Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:300. [PMID: 33672627 PMCID: PMC7924180 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of next generation sequencing approaches to the analysis of human exome and whole genome data has enabled the identification of novel variants and new genes involved in mitochondrial diseases. The ability of surviving in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial genome makes the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for investigating the role of these new variants in mitochondrial-related conditions and dissecting the molecular mechanisms associated with these diseases. The aim of this review was to highlight the main advantages offered by this model for the study of mitochondrial diseases, from the validation and characterisation of novel mutations to the dissection of the role played by genes in mitochondrial functionality and the discovery of potential therapeutic molecules. The review also provides a summary of the main contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial diseases emerged from the study of this simple eukaryotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (C.C.B.); (G.d.P.); (C.D.); (E.B.); (P.G.); (T.L.)
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