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Wang X, Qin Y, Li J, Huang P, Li Y, Huang J, Wang Q, Yang H. Vitamin B5 supplementation enhances intestinal development and alters microbes in weaned piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2335340. [PMID: 38587818 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2335340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of different vitamin B5 (VB5) levels on intestinal growth and function of weaned piglets. Twenty-one piglets (7.20 ± 1.11 kg) were included in a 28-day feeding trial with three treatments, including 0 mg/kg (L-VB5), 10 mg/kg (Control) and 50 mg/kg (H-VB5) of VB5 supplement. The results showed that: Large intestine weight/body weight was the highest in H-VB5 group, Control and H-VB5 groups had significantly higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth than the L-VB5 in the ileum (p < .05). Goblet cells (ileal crypt) and endocrine cells (ileal villus) significantly increased in Control and H-VB5 (p < .05). The H-VB5 group exhibited significantly higher levels of ki67 and crypt depth in the cecum and colon, colonic goblet cells and endocrine cells were both rising considerably (p < .05). Isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid were significantly reduced in the H-VB5 group (p < .05), and there was a decreasing trend in butyric acid (p = .073). At the genus level, the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Clostridium_Sensu_Structo_1 Strecto_1, Terrisporbacter and Streptococcus decreased significantly and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Turicibacter increased significantly in H-VB5 group (p < .05). Overall, the addition of 50 mg/kg VB5 primarily enhanced the morphological structure, cell proliferation and differentiation of the ileum, cecum and colon. It also had a significant impact on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Sun Y, Zhou Y, Long Q, Xing J, Guo P, Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Fernie AR, Shi Y, Luo Y, Luo J, Jin C. OsBCAT2, a gene responsible for the degradation of branched-chain amino acids, positively regulates salt tolerance by promoting the synthesis of vitamin B5. New Phytol 2024; 241:2558-2574. [PMID: 38258425 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects rice growth, development and yield. Metabolic adjustments contribute to the adaptation of rice under salt stress. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are three essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals. However, little is known about the role of BCAA in response to salt stress in plants. Here, we showed that BCAAs may function as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to provide protection against damage caused by salinity. We determined that branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (OsBCAT2), a protein responsible for the degradation of BCAA, positively regulates salt tolerance. Salt significantly induces the expression of OsBCAT2 rather than BCAA synthesis genes, which indicated that salt mainly promotes BCAA degradation and not de novo synthesis. Metabolomics analysis revealed that vitamin B5 (VB5) biosynthesis pathway intermediates were higher in the OsBCAT2-overexpressing plants but lower in osbcat2 mutants under salt stress. The salt stress-sensitive phenotypes of the osbcat2 mutants are rescued by exogenous VB5, indicating that OsBCAT2 affects rice salt tolerance by regulating VB5 synthesis. Our work provides new insights into the enzymes involved in BCAAs degradation and VB5 biosynthesis and sheds light on the molecular mechanism of BCAAs in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Qiyuan Long
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Junwei Xing
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Peizhen Guo
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Changjian Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Yuheng Shi
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
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3
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Riske BF, Luckhart S, Riehle MA. Starving the Beast: Limiting Coenzyme A Biosynthesis to Prevent Disease and Transmission in Malaria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13915. [PMID: 37762222 PMCID: PMC10530615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites must acquire all necessary nutrients from the vertebrate and mosquito hosts to successfully complete their life cycle. Failure to acquire these nutrients can limit or even block parasite development and presents a novel target for malaria control. One such essential nutrient is pantothenate, also known as vitamin B5, which the parasite cannot synthesize de novo and is required for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in the parasite. This review examines pantothenate and the CoA biosynthesis pathway in the human-mosquito-malaria parasite triad and explores possible approaches to leverage the CoA biosynthesis pathway to limit malaria parasite development in both human and mosquito hosts. This includes a discussion of sources for pantothenate for the mosquito, human, and parasite, examining the diverse strategies used by the parasite to acquire substrates for CoA synthesis across life stages and host resource pools and a discussion of drugs and alternative approaches being studied to disrupt CoA biosynthesis in the parasite. The latter includes antimalarial pantothenate analogs, known as pantothenamides, that have been developed to target this pathway during the human erythrocytic stages. In addition to these parasite-targeted drugs, we review studies of mosquito-targeted allosteric enzymatic regulators known as pantazines as an approach to limit pantothenate availability in the mosquito and subsequently deprive the parasite of this essential nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F. Riske
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Michael A. Riehle
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
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Guo J, Sun X, Yuan Y, Chen Q, Ou Z, Deng Z, Ma T, Liu T. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Vitamin B5 Production. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:7408-7417. [PMID: 37154424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B5, also called d-pantothenic acid, is an essential vitamin in the human body and is widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, food, and cosmetics. However, few studies have investigated the microbial production of d-pantothenic acid, especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By employing a systematic optimization strategy, we screened seven key genes in d-pantothenic acid biosynthesis from diverse species, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc., and constructed an efficient heterologous d-pantothenic acid pathway in S. cerevisiae. By adjusting the copy number of the pathway modules, knocking out the endogenous bypass gene, balancing NADPH utilization, and regulating the GAL inducible system, a high-yield d-pantothenic acid-producing strain, DPA171, which can regulate gene expression using glucose, was constructed. By optimizing fed-batch fermentation, DPA171 produced 4.1 g/L d-pantothenic acid, which is the highest titer in S. cerevisiae to date. This study provides guidance for the development of vitamin B5 microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Guo
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xixi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qitong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zutian Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tian Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Hesheng Tech, Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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5
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Asadi P, Milev MP, Saint-Dic D, Gamberi C, Sacher M. Vitamin B5, a coenzyme A precursor, rescues TANGO2 deficiency disease-associated defects in Drosophila and human cells. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:358-368. [PMID: 36502486 PMCID: PMC10464931 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the Transport and Golgi Organization 2 (TANGO2) gene are associated with intellectual deficit, neurodevelopmental delay and regression. Individuals can also present with an acute metabolic crisis that includes rhabdomyolysis, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac arrhythmias, the latter of which are potentially lethal. While preventing metabolic crises has the potential to reduce mortality, no treatments currently exist for this condition. The function of TANGO2 remains unknown but is suspected to be involved in some aspect of lipid metabolism. Here, we describe a model of TANGO2-related disease in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that recapitulates crucial disease traits. Pairing a new fly model with human cells, we examined the effects of vitamin B5, a coenzyme A (CoA) precursor, on alleviating the cellular and organismal defects associated with TANGO2 deficiency. We demonstrate that vitamin B5 specifically improves multiple defects associated with TANGO2 loss-of-function in Drosophila and rescues membrane trafficking defects in human cells. We also observed a partial rescue of one of the fly defects by vitamin B3, though to a lesser extent than vitamin B5. Our data suggest that a B complex supplement containing vitamin B5/pantothenate may have therapeutic benefits in individuals with TANGO2-deficiency disease. Possible mechanisms for the rescue are discussed that may include restoration of lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Asadi
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B1R6
| | - Miroslav P. Milev
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B1R6
| | - Djenann Saint-Dic
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B1R6
| | - Chiara Gamberi
- Coastal Carolina University, Department of Biology, Conway, South Carolina, USA, 29526
| | - Michael Sacher
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B1R6
- McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A0C7
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6
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Lorenzett MP, Armién AG, Henker LC, Schwertz CI, Cruz RAS, Panziera W, de Barros CSL, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Motor and somatosensory degenerative myelopathy responsive to pantothenic acid in piglets. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:101-114. [PMID: 36250539 PMCID: PMC9827486 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221128920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This report describes 2 events of degenerative myelopathy in 4- to 27-day-old piglets, with mortality rates reaching 40%. Sows were fed rations containing low levels of pantothenic acid. Piglets presented with severe depression, weakness, ataxia, and paresis, which were more pronounced in the pelvic limbs. No significant gross lesions were observed. Histologically, there were degeneration and necrosis of neurons in the spinal cord, primarily in the thoracic nucleus in the thoracic and lumbar segments, and motor neurons in nucleus IX of the ventral horn in the cervical and lumbar intumescence. Minimal-to-moderate axonal and myelin degeneration was observed in the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord and in the dorsal and ventral nerve roots. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated depletion of acetylcholine neurotransmitters in motor neurons and accumulation of neurofilaments in the perikaryon of neurons in the thoracic nucleus and motor neurons. Ultrastructurally, the thoracic nucleus neurons and motor neurons showed dissolution of Nissl granulation. The topographical distribution of the lesions indicates damage to the second-order neurons of the spinocerebellar tract, first-order axon cuneocerebellar tract, and dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway as the cause of the conscious and unconscious proprioceptive deficit, and damage to the alpha motor neuron as the cause of the motor deficit. Clinical signs reversed and no new cases occurred after pantothenic acid levels were corrected in the ration, and piglets received parenteral administration of pantothenic acid. This study highlights the important and practical use of detailed neuropathological analysis to refine differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aníbal G. Armién
- University of California, Davis, Davis,
CA,Aníbal G. Armién, California Animal Health
& Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, 620 W.
Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Luan C. Henker
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Welden Panziera
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - David Driemeier
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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7
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Abstract
Vitamin deficiencies are known to cause disorders in human beings. Siddique et al. discovered that vitamin B5 biosynthesis in cyst nematodes requires steps in their host plants. Disruption of an Arabidopsis thaliana 'susceptibility gene', which is involved in the production of vitamin B5 precursors, results in reduced parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory (A Joint Laboratory of The University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and Gannan Normal University), National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Baodian Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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8
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Ceccatelli Berti C, Gihaz S, Figuccia S, Choi JY, Pal AC, Goffrini P, Ben Mamoun C. Evidence for a Conserved Function of Eukaryotic Pantothenate Kinases in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010435. [PMID: 36613877 PMCID: PMC9820505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human PANK1, PANK2, and PANK3 genes encode several pantothenate kinase isoforms that catalyze the phosphorylation of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) to phosphopantothenate, a critical step in the biosynthesis of the major cellular cofactor, Coenzyme A (CoA). Mutations in the PANK2 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial pantothenate kinase (PanK) isoform, have been linked to pantothenate-kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), a debilitating and often fatal progressive neurodegeneration of children and young adults. While the biochemical properties of these enzymes have been well-characterized in vitro, their expression in a model organism such as yeast in order to probe their function under cellular conditions have never been achieved. Here we used three yeast mutants carrying missense mutations in the yeast PanK gene, CAB1, which are associated with defective growth at high temperature and iron, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased iron content, and oxidative stress, to assess the cellular function of human PANK genes and functional conservation of the CoA-controlled processes between humans and yeast. Overexpression of human PANK1 and PANK3 in these mutants restored normal cellular activity whereas complementation with PANK2 was partial and could only be achieved with an isoform, PanK2mtmΔ, lacking the mitochondrial transit peptide. These data, which demonstrate functional conservation of PanK activity between humans and yeast, set the stage for the use of yeast as a model system to investigate the impact of PKAN-associated mutations on the metabolic pathways altered in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ceccatelli Berti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Shalev Gihaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sonia Figuccia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jae-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anasuya C. Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.B.M.); Tel.: +39-052-190-5107 (P.G.); +1-203-737-1972 (C.B.M.)
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.B.M.); Tel.: +39-052-190-5107 (P.G.); +1-203-737-1972 (C.B.M.)
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9
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Chen C, Zhang W, Zhou T, Liu Q, Han C, Huang Z, Chen S, Mei Q, Zhang C, Zhang K, Ma H, Zhou R, Jiang W, Pan W, Zhu S. Vitamin B5 rewires Th17 cell metabolism via impeding PKM2 nuclear translocation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111741. [PMID: 36450257 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is essential for Th17 cells' functional identity to sense and interpret environmental cues. However, the environmental metabolic checkpoints with specific regulation of Th17 cells, manifesting potential therapeutic opportunities to autoimmune diseases, remain largely unknown. Here, by screening more than one hundred compounds derived from intestinal microbes or diet, we found that vitamin B5 (VB5) restrains Th17 cell differentiation as well as related autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis. Mechanistically, VB5 is catabolized into coenzyme A (CoA) in a pantothenate kinase (PANK)-dependent manner, and in turn, CoA binds to pyruvate kinase isoform 2 (PKM2) to impede its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thus inhibiting glycolysis and STAT3 phosphorylation. In humans, reduced serum VB5 levels are found in both IBD and MS patients. Collectively, our study demonstrates a role of VB5 in Th17 cell metabolic reprograming, thus providing a potential therapeutic intervention for Th17 cell-associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Weiqiao Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tingyue Zhou
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qiuyuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zonghui Huang
- Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qiao Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kaiguang Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hongdi Ma
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
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10
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Gihaz S, Gareiss P, Choi JY, Renard I, Pal AC, Surovsteva Y, Chiu JE, Thekkiniath J, Plummer M, Hungerford W, Montgomery ML, Hosford A, Adams EM, Lightfoot JD, Fox D, Ojo KK, Staker BL, Fuller K, Ben Mamoun C. High-resolution crystal structure and chemical screening reveal pantothenate kinase as a new target for antifungal development. Structure 2022; 30:1494-1507.e6. [PMID: 36167065 PMCID: PMC10042587 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are the leading cause of mortality by eukaryotic pathogens, with an estimated 150 million severe life-threatening cases and 1.7 million deaths reported annually. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant fungal isolates highlights the urgent need for new drugs with new mechanisms of action. In fungi, pantothenate phosphorylation, catalyzed by PanK enzyme, is the first step in the utilization of pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis. In all fungi sequenced so far, this enzyme is encoded by a single PanK gene. Here, we report the crystal structure of a fungal PanK alone as well as with high-affinity inhibitors from a single chemotype identified through a high-throughput chemical screen. Structural, biochemical, and functional analyses revealed mechanisms governing substrate and ligand binding, dimerization, and catalysis and helped identify new compounds that inhibit the growth of several Candida species. The data validate PanK as a promising target for antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalev Gihaz
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter Gareiss
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jae-Yeon Choi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Isaline Renard
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anasuya Chattopadhyay Pal
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yulia Surovsteva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Joy E Chiu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jose Thekkiniath
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Plummer
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William Hungerford
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Micaela L Montgomery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alanah Hosford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Emily M Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jorge D Lightfoot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - David Fox
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; UCB Pharma, 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Kayode K Ojo
- Center for Emerging & Re-emerging Infectious Disease, Division of Allergy & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bart L Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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11
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Hong Y, Zhou Z, Zhang N, He Q, Guo Z, Liu L, Song Y, Chen P, Wei Y, Xu Q, Li Y, Wang B, Qin X, Xu X, Duan Y. Association between plasma Vitamin B5 levels and all-cause mortality: A nested case-control study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:945-954. [PMID: 35699663 PMCID: PMC9278592 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the prospective association of vitamin B5 with all‐cause mortality and explore its potential modifiers in Chinese adults with hypertension. A nested, case‐control study was conducted in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial, including 505 deaths of all causes and 505 matched controls. The median follow‐up duration was 4.5 years. The primary outcome measure in this investigation was all‐cause mortality, which encompassed deaths for any reason. The mean plasma vitamin B5 concentration for cases (43.7 ng/mL) was higher than that in controls (40.9 ng/mL) (p = .001). When vitamin B5 was further assessed as quintiles, compared with the reference group (Q1: < 33.0 ng/mL), the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 29% (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.83‐2.01) in Q2, 22% (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.77‐1.94) in Q3, 62% (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.00‐2.62) in Q4, and 77% (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.06‐2.95) in Q5. The trend test was significant (p = .022). When Q4‐Q5 were combined, a significant 41% increment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.95) in all‐cause death risk was found compared with Q1‐Q3. The adverse effects were more pronounced in those with normal folate levels (p‐interaction = .019) and older people (p‐interaction = .037). This study suggests that higher baseline levels of plasma vitamin B5 are a risk factor for all‐cause mortality among Chinese patients with hypertension, especially among older adults and those with adequate folate levels. The findings, if confirmed, may inform novel clinical and nutritional guidelines and interventions to optimize vitamin B5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangyou Guo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishun Liu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
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12
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Yu Y, van der Zwaag M, Wedman JJ, Permentier H, Plomp N, Jia X, Kanon B, Eggens-Meijer E, Buist G, Harmsen H, Kok J, Salles JF, Wertheim B, Hayflick SJ, Strauss E, Grzeschik NA, Schepers H, Sibon OCM. Coenzyme A precursors flow from mother to zygote and from microbiome to host. Mol Cell 2022:S1097-2765(22)00440-3. [PMID: 35662397 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is essential for metabolism and protein acetylation. Current knowledge holds that each cell obtains CoA exclusively through biosynthesis via the canonical five-step pathway, starting with pantothenate uptake. However, recent studies have suggested the presence of additional CoA-generating mechanisms, indicating a more complex system for CoA homeostasis. Here, we uncovered pathways for CoA generation through inter-organismal flows of CoA precursors. Using traceable compounds and fruit flies with a genetic block in CoA biosynthesis, we demonstrate that progeny survive embryonal and early larval development by obtaining CoA precursors from maternal sources. Later in life, the microbiome can provide the essential CoA building blocks to the host, enabling continuation of normal development. A flow of stable, long-lasting CoA precursors between living organisms is revealed. This indicates the presence of complex strategies to maintain CoA homeostasis.
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13
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Zhao Z, Jiang J, Pan Y, Dong Y, Wang B, Gao S, Chen Z, Guan X, Wang X, Zhou Z. Sea Cucumber Body Vesicular Syndrome Is Driven by the Pond Water Microbiome via an Altered Gut Microbiota. mSystems 2022;:e0135721. [PMID: 35418244 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01357-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apostichopus japonicus (sea cucumber) is one of the most valuable aquaculture species in China; however, different diseases can limit its economic development. Recently, a novel disease, body vesicular syndrome (BVS), was observed in A. japonicus aquaculture. Diseased animals displayed no obvious phenotypic characteristics; however, after boiling at the postharvest stage, blisters, lysis, and body ruptures appeared. In this study, a multiomics strategy incorporating analysis of the gut microbiota, the pond microbiome, and A. japonicus genotype was established to investigate BVS. Detailed analyses of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and metabolites suggested that changes in cell adhesion structures, caused by disordered fatty acid β-oxidation mediated by vitamin B5 deficiency, could be a putative BVS mechanism. Furthermore, intestinal dysbacteriosis due to microbiome variations in pond water was considered a potential reason for vitamin B5 deficiency. Our BVS index, based on biomarkers identified from the A. japonicus gut microbiota, was a useful tool for BVS diagnosis. Finally, vitamin B5 supplementation was successfully used to treat BVS, suggesting an association with BVS etiology. IMPORTANCE Body vesicular syndrome (BVS) is a novel disease in sea cucumber aquaculture. As no phenotypic features are visible, BVS is difficult to confirm during aquaculture and postharvest activities, until animals are boiled. Therefore, BVS could lead to severe economic losses compared with other diseases in sea cucumber aquaculture. In this study, for the first time, we systematically investigated BVS pathogenesis and proposed an effective treatment for the condition. Moreover, based on the gut microbiota, we established a noninvasive diagnostic method for BVS in sea cucumber.
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14
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Xu J, Patassini S, Hooper NM, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Substantively Lowered Levels of Pantothenic Acid ( Vitamin B5) in Several Regions of the Human Brain in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Metabolites 2021; 11:569. [PMID: 34564384 PMCID: PMC8468190 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is an essential trace nutrient required for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). It has previously been shown that pantothenic acid is significantly decreased in multiple brain regions in both Alzheimer's disease (ADD) and Huntington's disease (HD). The current investigation aimed to determine whether similar changes are also present in cases of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), another age-related neurodegenerative condition, and whether such perturbations might occur in similar regions in these apparently different diseases. Brain tissue was obtained from nine confirmed cases of PDD and nine controls with a post-mortem delay of 26 h or less. Tissues were acquired from nine regions that show high, moderate, or low levels of neurodegeneration in PDD: the cerebellum, motor cortex, primary visual cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, middle temporal gyrus, medulla oblongata, cingulate gyrus, and pons. A targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach was used to quantify pantothenic acid in these tissues. Pantothenic acid was significantly decreased in the cerebellum (p = 0.008), substantia nigra (p = 0.02), and medulla (p = 0.008) of PDD cases. These findings mirror the significant decreases in the cerebellum of both ADD and HD cases, as well as the substantia nigra, putamen, middle frontal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex of HD cases, and motor cortex, primary visual cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and entorhinal cortex of ADD cases. Taken together, these observations indicate a common but regionally selective disruption of pantothenic acid levels across PDD, ADD, and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
| | - Stephanie J. Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Stefano Patassini
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Nigel M. Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK;
| | - Richard D. Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Citylabs 1.0 (Third Floor), Nelson Street, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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15
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Corinti D, Chiavarino B, Scuderi D, Fraschetti C, Filippi A, Fornarini S, Crestoni ME. Molecular Properties of Bare and Microhydrated Vitamin B5-Calcium Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020692. [PMID: 33445631 PMCID: PMC7826572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, is an essential nutrient involved in several metabolic pathways. It shows a characteristic preference for interacting with Ca(II) ions, which are abundant in the extracellular media and act as secondary mediators in the activation of numerous biological functions. The bare deprotonated form of pantothenic acid, [panto-H]−, its complex with Ca(II) ion, [Ca(panto-H)]+, and singly charged micro-hydrated calcium pantothenate [Ca(panto-H)(H2O)]+ adduct have been obtained in the gas phase by electrospray ionization and assayed by mass spectrometry and IR multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy in the fingerprint spectral range. Quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP(-D3) and MP2 levels of theory were performed to simulate geometries, thermochemical data, and linear absorption spectra of low-lying isomers, allowing us to assign the experimental absorptions to particular structural motifs. Pantothenate was found to exist in the gas phase as a single isomeric form showing deprotonation on the carboxylic moiety. On the contrary, free and monohydrated calcium complexes of deprotonated pantothenic acid both present at least two isomers participating in the gas-phase population, sharing the deprotonation of pantothenate on the carboxylic group and either a fourfold or fivefold coordination with calcium, thus justifying the strong affinity of pantothenate for the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (B.C.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (B.C.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Debora Scuderi
- Institut de Chimie Physique (UMR8000), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (B.C.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (B.C.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (B.C.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (B.C.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-3596
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16
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Pastor-Nieto MA, Gatica-Ortega ME, Sánchez-Herreros C, Jiménez-Blázquez E, Martín-Fuentes A, Checa-Recio I, Cobo-Rodríguez P, Rodrigues-Figueira Y, Cuevas-Santos J, De-Eusebio-Murillo E. Calcium pantothenate is present in cosmetics and may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:201-203. [PMID: 33015832 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium pantothenate (CAS no. 137-08-6) is the calcium salt of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). It is used in cosmetics due to its anti-static and hair conditioning properties. A 53-year-old female nurse's aide presented with intermittent facial eruptions (Figure S1). Patch tests were positive to calcium pantothenate, an ingredient of two of her products (a cleansing milk and a facial tonic). To our knowledge, no previous cases of sensitization from calcium pantothenate have been reported except for one case of systemic dermatitis from a nutritional supplement in a dexpanthenol-sensitized patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Pastor-Nieto
- Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | - Esther Jiménez-Blázquez
- Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Iván Checa-Recio
- Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Cuevas-Santos
- Pathology Departments, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Esther De-Eusebio-Murillo
- Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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17
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Ma Q, Liang M, Tang X, Luo F, Dou C. Vitamin B5 inhibit RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy induced osteoporosis by scavenging ROS generation. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5008-5018. [PMID: 31497217 PMCID: PMC6731427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. The participation of B vitamins in bone health has been recognized for decades. Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is mainly known for its wide variety of sources. However, the potential role of pantothenic acid in bone health and metabolism is still unclear. In this study, we found pantothenic acid has a dual effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain shows that osteoclastogenesis was remarkably induced in a lower dosage of pantothenic acid (< 200 mM) and significantly inhibited while the pantothenic acid concentration increases to a certain extent (> 500 mM). We further confirmed this dual effect of pantothenic acid in osteoclastogenesis by detecting osteoclast formation and bone resorption using focal adhesion stain and pit formation, respectively. Mechanistically, we found phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway was activated in pre-osteoclasts (pOCs) after cultured with lower dosage of pantothenic acid; while the ROS generation was eliminated with upregulation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), forkhead box O2 (FoxO2) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in pOCs after cultured with higher dosage of pantothenic acid. Finally, we used ovariectomized (OVX) mice to explore the potential role of pantothenic acid rich dietary in regulating bone metabolism in vivo, the result shows that pantothenic acid rich dietary can protect bone loss from estrogen deficiency. In brief, our study identified a new understanding of pantothenic acid in regulating osteoclastogenesis, revealed a therapeutic potential of pantothenic acid in prevention of bone loss related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengmeng Liang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiangyu Tang
- Department of Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, China
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18
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Patassini S, Begley P, Xu J, Church SJ, Kureishy N, Reid SJ, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Snell RG, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Cerebral Vitamin B5 (D-Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency as a Potential Cause of Metabolic Perturbation and Neurodegeneration in Huntington's Disease. Metabolites 2019; 9:E113. [PMID: 31212603 PMCID: PMC6630497 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the HTT gene. HD usually manifests in mid-life with loss of GABAergic projection neurons from the striatum accompanied by progressive atrophy of the putamen followed by other brain regions, but linkages between the genetics and neurodegeneration are not understood. We measured metabolic perturbations in HD-human brain in a case-control study, identifying pervasive lowering of vitamin B5, the obligatory precursor of coenzyme A (CoA) that is essential for normal intermediary metabolism. Cerebral pantothenate deficiency is a newly-identified metabolic defect in human HD that could potentially: (i) impair neuronal CoA biosynthesis; (ii) stimulate polyol-pathway activity; (iii) impair glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity; and (iv) modify brain-urea metabolism. Pantothenate deficiency could lead to neurodegeneration/dementia in HD that might be preventable by treatment with vitamin B5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Patassini
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Owlstone Medical, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, UK.
| | - Paul Begley
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Nina Kureishy
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Suzanne J Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Russell G Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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He W, Hu S, Du X, Wen Q, Zhong XP, Zhou X, Zhou C, Xiong W, Gao Y, Zhang S, Wang R, Yang J, Ma L. Vitamin B5 Reduces Bacterial Growth via Regulating Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity in Mice Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:365. [PMID: 29535733 PMCID: PMC5834509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which vitamins regulate immunity and their effect as an adjuvant treatment for tuberculosis have gradually become very important research topics. Studies have found that vitamin B5 (VB5) can promote epithelial cells to express inflammatory cytokines. We aimed to examine the proinflammatory and antibacterial effect of VB5 in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain H37Rv and the therapeutic potential of VB5 in vivo with tuberculosis. We investigated the activation of inflammatory signal molecules (NF-κB, AKT, JNK, ERK, and p38), the expression of two primary inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6) and the bacterial burdens in H37Rv-infected macrophages stimulated with VB5 to explore the effect of VB5 on the inflammatory and antibacterial responses of macrophages. We further treated the H37Rv-infected mice with VB5 to explore VB5's promotion of the clearance of H37Rv in the lungs and the effect of VB5 on regulating the percentage of inflammatory cells. Our data showed that VB5 enhanced the phagocytosis and inflammatory response in macrophages infected with H37Rv. Oral administration of VB5 decreased the number of colony-forming units of H37Rv in lungs of mice at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after infection. In addition, VB5 regulated the percentage of macrophages and promoted CD4+ T cells to express interferon-γ and interleukin-17; however, it had no effect on the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, VB5 significantly inhibits the growth of MTB by regulating innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting He
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfeng Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xinying Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimeng Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hart RJ, Abraham A, Aly ASI. Genetic Characterization of Coenzyme A Biosynthesis Reveals Essential Distinctive Functions during Malaria Parasite Development in Blood and Mosquito. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:260. [PMID: 28676844 PMCID: PMC5476742 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential universal cofactor for all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In nearly all non-photosynthetic cells, CoA biosynthesis depends on the uptake and phosphorylation of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid or pantothenate). Recently, putative pantothenate transporter (PAT) and pantothenate kinases (PanKs) were functionally characterized in P. yoelii. PAT and PanKs were shown to be dispensable for blood stage development, but they were essential for mosquito stages development. Yet, little is known about the cellular functions of the other enzymes of the CoA biosynthesis pathway in malaria parasite life cycle stages. All enzymes of this pathway were targeted for deletion or deletion/complementation analyses by knockout/knock-in plasmid constructs to reveal their essential roles in P. yoelii life cycle stages. The intermediate enzymes PPCS (Phosphopantothenylcysteine Synthase), PPCDC (Phosphopantothenylcysteine Decarboxylase) were shown to be dispensable for asexual and sexual blood stage development, but they were essential for oocyst development and the production of sporozoites. However, the last two enzymes of this pathway, PPAT (Phosphopantetheine Adenylyltransferase) and DPCK (Dephospho-CoA Kinase), were essential for blood stage development. These results indicate alternative first substrate requirement for the malaria parasite, other than the canonical pantothenate, for the synthesis of CoA in the blood but not inside the mosquito midgut. Collectively, our data shows that CoA de novo biosynthesis is essential for both blood and mosquito stages, and thus validates the enzymes of this pathway as potential antimalarial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Hart
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane UniversityNew Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Amanah Abraham
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane UniversityNew Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ahmed S I Aly
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane UniversityNew Orleans, LA, United States
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Mangas A, Yajeya J, Gonzalez N, Husson M, Geffard M, Coveñas R. Detection of pantothenic acid-immunoreactive neurons in the rat lateral septal nucleus by a newly developed antibody. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2016; 54:186-192. [PMID: 27966211 DOI: 10.5603/fhc.a2016.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The available immunohistochemical techniques have documented restricted distribution of vitamins in the mammalian brain. The aim of the study was to develop a highly specific antiserum directed against pantothenic acid to explore the presence of this vitamin in the mammalian brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS According to ELISA tests, the anti-pantothenic acid antiserum used showed a good affinity (10-8 M) and specificity. The antiserum was raised in rabbits. Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, the mapping of pantothenic acid-immunoreactive structures was carried out in the rat brain. RESULTS Pantothenic acid-immunoreactive perikarya were exclusively found in the intermediate part of the lateral septal nucleus. These cells were generally small, round, fusiform or pyramidal and showed 2-3 long (50-100 μm) immunoreactive dendrites. Any immunoreactive axons containing pantothenic acid were detected. CONCLUSIONS The very restricted anatomical distribution of the pantothenic acid suggests that this vitamin could be involved in some specific neurophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Mangas
- Gemacbio, Saint Jean d'Illac, France Institut pour le Développement de la Recherche en Pathologie Humaine et Thérapeutique (IDRPHT), Talence, France Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Craig JP, Bekal S, Niblack T, Domier L, Lambert KN. Evidence for horizontally transferred genes involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin B(1), B(5), and B(7) in Heterodera glycines. J Nematol 2009; 41:281-90. [PMID: 22736827 PMCID: PMC3381462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterodera glycines is a nematode that is highly adapted to manipulate and parasitize plant hosts. The molecular players involved in these interactions have only recently begun to be identified. Here, the sequencing of the second stage juvenile transcriptome, followed by a bioinformatic screen for novel genes, identified seven new genes involved in biosynthesis and salvage of vitamins B₁, B₅, and B₇. With no confirmed reports in the literature, each of these biosynthesis pathways is believed to have been lost in multicellular animals. However, eukaryotic-like introns in the genomic sequences of the genes confirmed eukaryotic origin and nematode-specific splice leaders found on five of the cDNAs confirmed their nematode origin. Two of the genes were found to be flanked by known nematode sequences and quantitative polymerase chain reactions on individual nematodes showed similar and consistent amplification between the vitamin B biosynthesis genes and other known H. glycines genes. This further confirmed their presence in the nematode genome. Similarity to bacterial sequences at the amino acid level suggested a prokaryotic ancestry and phylogenetic analysis of the genes supported a likely horizontal gene transfer event, suggesting H. glycines re-appropriated the genes from the prokaryotic kingdom. This finding complements the previous discovery of a vitamin B₆ biosynthesis pathway within the nematode. However, unlike the complete vitamin B₆ pathway, many of these vitamin B pathways appear to be missing the initial enzymes required for full de novo biosynthesis, suggesting that initial substrates in the pathways are obtained exogenously. These partial vitamin B biosynthesis enzymes have recently been identified in other single-celled eukaryotic parasites and on rhizobia symbiosis plasmids, indicating that they may play an important role in host-parasite interactions and survival within the plant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Craig
- University of Illinois, Crop Sciences, Illinois, USA
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