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Abstract
To a large extent, the clinical picture of pediatric mastocytosis depends on the age at which it is diagnosed. A neonate with diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis may frequently present in a severe state requiring treatment. Toddlers may require long-term anti-mediator therapy, and this may lead to concerns such as organizing preschool education due to the need for epinephrine injections. A teenager may have to face cutaneous disease persistence or a diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis. Further studies are needed to refine the available treatment options and prognosis for different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Renke
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk.
| | - Ninela Irga-Jaworska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk
| | - Magdalena Lange
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk
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2
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Valent P, Akin C, Arock M, Gleixner KV, Greinix H, Hermine O, Horny HP, Ivanov D, Orfao A, Rabitsch W, Reiter A, Schulenburg A, Sotlar K, Sperr WR, Ustun C. Antibody-Based and Cell Therapies for Advanced Mastocytosis: Established and Novel Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15125. [PMID: 37894806 PMCID: PMC10607143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms characterized by an uncontrolled expansion of mast cells (MC) in one or more internal organs, SM-induced tissue damage, and poor prognosis. Advanced SM can be categorized into aggressive SM (ASM), MC leukemia (MCL), and SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm (SM-AHN). In a vast majority of all patients, neoplastic cells display a KIT mutation, mostly D816V and rarely other KIT variants. Additional mutations in other target genes, such as SRSF2, ASXL1, or RUNX1, may also be identified, especially when an AHN is present. During the past 10 years, improved treatment approaches have led to a better quality of life and survival in patients with advanced SM. However, despite the availability of novel potent inhibitors of KIT D816V, not all patients enter remission and others relapse, often with a multi-mutated and sometimes KIT D816V-negative disease exhibiting multi-drug resistance. For these patients, (poly)chemotherapy, antibody-based therapies, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be viable treatment alternatives. In this article, we discuss treatment options for patients with drug-resistant advanced SM, including novel KIT-targeting drugs, antibody-based drugs, and stem cell-eradicating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Karoline V. Gleixner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hildegard Greinix
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service d’Hématologie, Imagine Institute Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, Centre National de Référence des Mastocytoses, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Ivanov
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio Central de Citometria, Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (IBMCC; CSIC/USAL) Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERONC and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Werner Rabitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Axel Schulenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R. Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Celalettin Ustun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Coleman Foundation Blood and Marrow Transplant Center at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Liu MK, Liu F, Dai YT, Weng XQ, Cheng LL, Fan LQ, Liu H, Jiang L, Sun XJ, Fang H, Wang L, Zhao WL. Case Report: Molecular and microenvironment change upon midostaurin treatment in mast cell leukemia at single-cell level. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210909. [PMID: 37638009 PMCID: PMC10449247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell leukemia is a rare and aggressive disease, predominantly with KIT D816V mutation. With poor response to conventional poly-chemotherapy, mast cell leukemia responded to the midostaurin treatment with a 50% overall response rate (ORR), but complete remission rate is approximately 0%. Therefore, the potential mechanisms of midostaurin resistance and the exact impacts of midostaurin on both gene expression profile and mast cell leukemia microenvironment in vivo are essential for design tailored combination therapy targeting both the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Here we report a 59-year-old male mast cell leukemia patient with KIT F522C mutation treated with midostaurin. Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood and whole exome sequencing (WES) of bone marrow were performed before and 10 months after midostaurin treatment. In accordance with the clinical response, compared to the pretreatment aberration, the decline of mast cells and increase of T-, NK, B-cells in peripheral blood, and the decrease of the KIT F522C mutation burden in bone marrow were observed. Meanwhile, the emergence of RUNX1 mutation, upregulations of genes expression (RPS27A, RPS6, UBA52, RACK1) on tumor cells, and increased frequencies of T and NK cells with TIGIT, CTLA4, and LAG3 expression were observed after midostaurin treatment, predicting the disease progression of this patient. As far as we know, this is the first case reporting the clinical, immunological, and molecular changes in mast cell leukemia patients before and after midostaurin treatment, illustrating the in vivo mechanisms of midostaurin resistance in mast cell leukemia, providing important clues to develop a sequential option to circumvent tumor progression after targeting oncogene addiction and prolong patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kaszuba A, Sławińska M, Żółkiewicz J, Sobjanek M, Nowicki RJ, Lange M. Mastocytosis and Skin Cancer: The Current State of Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9840. [PMID: 37372988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with excessive proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in different organs. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients suffering from mastocytosis face an increased risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The cause of this has not yet been clearly identified. In the literature, the potential influence of several factors has been suggested, including genetic background, the role of cytokines produced by mast cells, iatrogenic and hormonal factors. The article summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of skin neoplasia in mastocytosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kaszuba
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Sławińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Żółkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Sobjanek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Roman J Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lange
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
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Mancini M, Monaldi C, De Santis S, Papayannidis C, Rondoni M, Sartor C, Bruno S, Pagano L, Criscuolo M, Zanotti R, Bonifacio M, Tosi P, Arock M, Valent P, Cavo M, Soverini S. SETD2 non genomic loss of function in advanced systemic mastocytosis is mediated by an Aurora kinase A/MDM2 axis and can be therapeutically targeted. Biomark Res 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 36894973 PMCID: PMC9999558 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SETD2 tumor suppressor gene encodes a histone methyltransferase that safeguards transcription fidelity and genomic integrity via trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36Me3). SETD2 loss of function has been observed in solid and hematologic malignancies. We have recently reported that most patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) and some with indolent or smoldering SM display H3K36Me3 deficiency as a result of a reversible loss of SETD2 due to reduced protein stability. METHODS Experiments were conducted in SETD2-proficient (ROSAKIT D816V) and -deficient (HMC-1.2) cell lines and in primary cells from patients with various SM subtypes. A short interfering RNA approach was used to silence SETD2 (in ROSAKIT D816V cells), MDM2 and AURKA (in HMC-1.2 cells). Protein expression and post-translational modifications were assessed by WB and immunoblotting. Protein interactions were tested by using co-immunoprecipitation. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry after annexin V and propidium iodide staining, respectively. Drug cytotoxicity in in vitro experiments was evaluated by clonogenic assays. RESULTS Here, we show that the proteasome inhibitors suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in neoplastic mast cells by promoting SETD2/H3K36Me3 re-expression. Moreover, we found that Aurora kinase A and MDM2 are implicated in SETD2 loss of function in AdvSM. In line with this observation, direct or indirect targeting of Aurora kinase A with alisertib or volasertib induced reduction of clonogenic potential and apoptosis in human mast cell lines and primary neoplastic cells from patients with AdvSM. Efficacy of Aurora A or proteasome inhibitors was comparable to that of the KIT inhibitor avapritinib. Moreover, combination of alisertib (Aurora A inhibitor) or bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor) with avapritinib allowed to use lower doses of each drug to achieve comparable cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS Our mechanistic insights into SETD2 non-genomic loss of function in AdvSM highlight the potential value of novel therapeutic targets and agents for the treatment of patients who fail or do not tolerate midostaurin or avapritinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mancini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Istituto Di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Monaldi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Santis
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Istituto Di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Sartor
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Istituto Di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Livio Pagano
- Divisione Di Ematologia Geriatrica Ed Emopatie Rare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Criscuolo
- Dipartimento Di Diagnostica Per Immagini, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Radioterapia Oncologica Ed Ematologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanotti
- Section of Hematology, Multidisciplinary Outpatients Clinics for Mastocytosis, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Section of Hematology, Multidisciplinary Outpatients Clinics for Mastocytosis, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre Et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Istituto Di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Marek-Jozefowicz L, Nedoszytko B, Grochocka M, Żmijewski MA, Czajkowski R, Cubała WJ, Slominski AT. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5001. [PMID: 36902434 PMCID: PMC10003326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV-ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Marek-Jozefowicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Molecular Laboratory, Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Centre, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grochocka
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał A. Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wiesław J. Cubała
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 7 Build. 25, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 500 22nd Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Rische CH, Thames AN, Krier-Burris RA, O’Sullivan JA, Bochner BS, Scott EA. Drug delivery targets and strategies to address mast cell diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:205-222. [PMID: 36629456 PMCID: PMC9928520 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2166926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current and developing mast cell therapeutics are reliant on small molecule drugs and biologics, but few are truly selective for mast cells. Most have cellular and disease-specific limitations that require innovation to overcome longstanding challenges to selectively targeting and modulating mast cell behavior. This review is designed to serve as a frame of reference for new approaches that utilize nanotechnology or combine different drugs to increase mast cell selectivity and therapeutic efficacy. AREAS COVERED Mast cell diseases include allergy and related conditions as well as malignancies. Here, we discuss the targets of existing and developing therapies used to treat these disease pathologies, classifying them into cell surface, intracellular, and extracellular categories. For each target discussed, we discuss drugs that are either the current standard of care, under development, or have indications for potential use. Finally, we discuss how novel technologies and tools can be used to take existing therapeutics to a new level of selectivity and potency against mast cells. EXPERT OPINION There are many broadly and very few selectively targeted therapeutics for mast cells in allergy and malignant disease. Combining existing targeting strategies with technology like nanoparticles will provide novel platforms to treat mast cell disease more selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton H. Rische
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariel N. Thames
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Krier-Burris
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Microbiolgy-Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sordi B, Vanderwert F, Crupi F, Gesullo F, Zanotti R, Bonadonna P, Crosera L, Elena C, Fiorelli N, Ferrari J, Grifoni F, Sciumè M, Parente R, Triggiani M, Palterer B, Mecheri V, Almerigogna F, Santi R, Di Medio L, Brandi ML, Iorno ML, Ciardetti I, Bencini S, Annunziato F, Mannarelli C, Pieri L, Guglielmelli P, Mannelli F, Vannucchi AM. Disease correlates and clinical relevance of hereditary α-tryptasemia in patients with systemic mastocytosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:485-493.e11. [PMID: 36309122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic mastocytosis (SM) encompasses a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders characterized by abnormal expansion of mast cells (MCs). Beyond KIT and other genes recurrently mutated in myeloid neoplasms, several genetic variants have been described as predisposing to the development of the disease and influencing its clinical phenotype. Increased copy number variants of the TPSAB1 gene were identified as a cause of nonclonal elevated tryptasemia and defined as hereditary α-tryptasemia (HαT). Moreover, HαT is enriched in patients with SM, where it can affect the incidence of mediator-related symptoms. OBJECTIVE In a multicenter data set of 444 patients with MC disorders, we aimed to investigate the clinical correlates of germline TPSAB1 copy number gains. METHODS Droplet digital PCR was performed in all cases to ascertain the presence of HαT. Clinical history along with blood values and bone marrow examination were analyzed. RESULTS We confirmed a higher incidence of HαT+ cases (n = 59, 13.3%) in patients diagnosed with mastocytosis with respect to the general population (approximately 5%). HαT+ patients were characterized by a lower MC-associated disease burden and higher levels of tryptase. Several disease variables were coherent with this pattern, from bone marrow MC infiltration to MC-related histopathologic traits, which also accounted for a significantly higher incidence of clonal MC activation syndrome in HαT+ (10.2%) compared to HαT- (3.4%, P = .029) patients. We also confirmed that HαT+ carriers had a significantly higher frequency of anaphylaxis, without relevant differences for other clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION These findings on a large patient series support and extend previous data, and suggest that knowledge of HαT status may be useful for personalized management of patients with SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Sordi
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Vanderwert
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Crupi
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Gesullo
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanotti
- UO Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bonadonna
- UO Allergologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Lara Crosera
- UO Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Elena
- Divisione di Ematologia, IRCCS S. Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicolas Fiorelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Federica Grifoni
- UOC Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Sciumè
- UOC Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Parente
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Divisione di Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Università di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Divisione di Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Università di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Centro di Diagnostica Citofluorimetrica e Immunoterapia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Mecheri
- SOD Immunoallergologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Almerigogna
- SOD Immunoallergologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Sezione di Patologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Di Medio
- SOD Malattie del Metabolismo Minerale e Osseo, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- SOD Malattie del Metabolismo Minerale e Osseo, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy; FirmoLab, Fondazione FIRMO, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Loredana Iorno
- Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica Azienda Toscana Centro Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Isabella Ciardetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, sezione Dermatologia, Università degli Studi di Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Bencini
- Centro di Diagnostica Citofluorimetrica e Immunoterapia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Centro di Diagnostica Citofluorimetrica e Immunoterapia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmela Mannarelli
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Pieri
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannelli
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Denothe Excellence Center, Università degli Studi, Florence, Italy.
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9
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Valent P, Akin C, Sperr WR, Horny HP, Arock M, Metcalfe DD, Galli SJ. New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis: Emerging Concepts in Diagnosis and Therapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:361-386. [PMID: 36270293 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms defined by a numerical increase and accumulation of clonal mast cells (MCs) in various organ systems. The disease may present as cutaneous mastocytosis or systemic mastocytosis (SM). On the basis of histopathological and molecular features, clinical variables, and organ involvement, SM is divided into indolent SM, smoldering SM, SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm, aggressive SM, and MC leukemia. Each variant is defined by unique diagnostic criteria and a unique spectrum of clinical presentations. A key driver of MC expansion and disease evolution is the oncogenic machinery triggered by mutant forms of KIT. The genetic background, additional somatic mutations, and comorbidities also contribute to the course and prognosis. Patients with SM may also suffer from mediator-related symptoms or even an MC activation syndrome. This article provides an update of concepts on the genetics, etiology, and pathology of mastocytosis, with emphasis on diagnostic criteria and new treatment concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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10
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Kim KH, Kim JO, Park SG. A fully human anti-c-Kit monoclonal antibody 2G4 inhibits proliferation and degranulation of human mast cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:861-873. [PMID: 36107283 PMCID: PMC10066129 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGiven that mast cells are pivotal contributors to allergic diseases, various allergy treatments have been developed to inhibit them. Omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E antibody, is a representative therapy that can alleviate allergy symptoms by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. However, omalizumab cannot reduce the proliferation and accumulation of mast cells, which is a fundamental cause of allergic diseases. c-Kit is essential for the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of mast cells. Excessive c-Kit activation triggers various mast cell diseases, such as asthma, chronic spontaneous urticaria, and mastocytosis. Herein, we generated 2G4, an anti-c-Kit antibody, to develop a therapeutic agent for mast cell diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of 2G4 antibody was evaluated in LAD2, a human mast cell line. 2G4 antibody completely inhibited c-Kit signaling by blocking the binding of stem cell factor, known as the c-Kit ligand. Inhibition of c-Kit signaling led to the suppression of proliferation, migration, and degranulation in LAD2 cells. Moreover, 2G4 antibody suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, C–C motif chemokine ligand 2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and complement component C5/C5a, which can exacerbate allergy symptoms. Taken together, these results suggest that 2G4 antibody has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for mast cell diseases.
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11
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Constantine GM, Metcalfe DD, Akin C, Sun X, Bai Y, Eisch AR, Maric I, Komarow HD. Remission of indolent systemic mastocytosis in the absence of targeted therapy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2163-2165.e2. [PMID: 35338023 PMCID: PMC9378347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Constantine
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Yun Bai
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - A Robin Eisch
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hirsh D Komarow
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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12
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Pharm.D. MA, Hoermann G, Sotlar K, Hermine O, Sperr WR, Hartmann K, Brockow K, Akin C, Triggiani M, Broesby-Olsen S, Reiter A, Gotlib J, Horny HP, Orfao A, Metcalfe DD, Valent P. Clinical Impact and Proposed Application of Molecular Markers, Genetic Variants and Cytogenetic Analysis in Mast Cell Neoplasms: Status 2022. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1855-1865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Hoermann G, Sotlar K, Jawhar M, Kristensen T, Bachelot G, Nedoszytko B, Carter MC, Horny HP, Bonadonna P, Sperr WR, Hartmann K, Brockow K, Lyons JJ, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Hermine O, Akin C, Broesby-Olsen S, Triggiani M, Butterfield JH, Schwaab J, Reiter A, Gotlib J, Metcalfe DD, George TI, Orfao A, Valent P, Arock M. Standards of Genetic Testing in the Diagnosis and Prognostication of Systemic Mastocytosis in 2022: Recommendations of the EU-US Cooperative Group. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1953-1963. [PMID: 35283331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis comprises rare heterogeneous diseases characterized by an increased accumulation of abnormal mast cells in various organs/tissues. The pathogenesis of mastocytosis is strongly linked to the presence of KIT-activating mutations. In systemic mastocytosis (SM), the most frequent mutation encountered is KIT p.D816V, whose presence constitutes one of the minor diagnostic criteria. Different techniques are used to search and quantify the KIT p.D816V mutant; however, allele-specific quantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR are today the most sensitive. The analysis of the KIT p.D816V allele burden has undeniable interest for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic monitoring. The analysis of non-mast cell hematological compartments in SM is similarly important because KIT p.D816V multilineage involvement is associated with a worse prognosis. In addition, in advanced forms of SM, mutations in genes other than KIT are frequently identified and affect negatively disease outcome and response to therapy. Thus, combined quantitative and sensitive analysis of KIT mutations and next-generation sequencing of other recurrently involved myeloid genes make it possible to better characterize the extent of the affected cellular compartments and additional molecular aberrations, providing a more detailed overview of the complex mutational landscape of SM, in relation with the clinical heterogeneity of the disease. In this article, we report the latest recommendations of the EU-US Cooperative Group presented in September 2020 in Vienna during an international working conference, on the techniques we consider standard to detect and quantify the KIT p.D816V mutant in SM and additional myeloid mutations found in SM subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany.
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guillaume Bachelot
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Boguslaw Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Melody C Carter
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Translational Allergic Immunopathology Unit, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hanneke C Kluin-Nelemans
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Centre national de référence des mastocytoses, Paris, France
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Sigurd Broesby-Olsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Juliana Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Tracy I George
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio Central de Citometria, Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (IBMCC; CSIC/USAL), Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France.
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14
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Lübke J, Schwaab J, Naumann N, Horny HP, Weiß C, Metzgeroth G, Kreil S, Cross NCP, Sotlar K, Fabarius A, Hofmann WK, Valent P, Gotlib J, Jawhar M, Reiter A. Superior Efficacy of Midostaurin Over Cladribine in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis: A Registry-Based Analysis. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1783-1794. [PMID: 35235417 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE On the basis of data from the German Registry on Disorders of Eosinophils and Mast Cells, we compared the efficacy of midostaurin and cladribine in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with AdvSM (n = 139) were treated with midostaurin only (n = 63, 45%), cladribine only (n = 23, 17%), or sequentially (midostaurin-cladribine, n = 30, 57%; cladribine-midostaurin, n = 23, 43%). Prognosis was assessed through the Mutation-Adjusted Risk Score (MARS). Besides the comparison of efficacy between midostaurin and cladribine on response (eg, organ dysfunction, bone marrow mast cell [MC] infiltration, and tryptase), overall survival (OS), and leukemia-free survival, we focused on the impact of treatment on involved non-MC lineages, for example, monocytes or eosinophils, and the KIT D816V expressed allele burden. RESULTS Midostaurin only was superior to cladribine only with effects from responses on MC and non-MC lineages conferring on a significantly improved OS (median 4.2 v 1.9 years, P = .033) and leukemia-free survival (2.7 v 1.3 years, P = .044) on the basis of a propensity score-weighted analysis of parameters included in MARS. Midostaurin compensated the inferior efficacy of cladribine in first- and second-line treatment. On midostaurin in any line, response of eosinophilia did not improve its baseline adverse prognostic impact, whereas response of monocytosis proved to be a positive on-treatment parameter. Multivariable analysis allowed to establish three risk categories (low/intermediate/high) through the combination of MARS and the reduction of the KIT D816V expressed allele burden of ≥ 25% at month 6 (median OS not reached v 3.0 years v 1.0 year; P < .001). CONCLUSION In this registry-based analysis, midostaurin revealed superior efficacy over cladribine in patients with AdvSM. In midostaurin-treated patients, the combination of baseline MARS and molecular response provided a compelling three-tier risk categorization (MARSv2.0) for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lübke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliana Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Naumann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christel Weiß
- Department of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georgia Metzgeroth
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreil
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicholas C P Cross
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury, United Kingdom.,University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alice Fabarius
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Hou Y, Jiang S, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Bao H, Meng Q, Han X, Chen W, Li T, Peng J, Zhu Y, Huang R, Liu J, Wang J, Fang C, Shi X. A case of systemic mastocytosis mimicking POEMS syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28651. [PMID: 35119009 PMCID: PMC8812632 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes) syndrome is a rare and complicated disease related to multiple organs and systems. Here, we report a case of systemic mastocytosis (SM) that was misdiagnosed as a POEMS syndrome. PATIENT CONCERNS A 42-year-old man presented with skin changes, diarrhea, and limb numbness. DIAGNOSES Positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed extravascular volume overload, organomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and bone lesions with mixed lesions of osteosclerosis and osteolysis. Therefore, POEMS syndrome was suspected. Further histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and gastric mucosa suggested a diagnosis of mastocytosis. The c-Kit D816V mutation confirmed the diagnosis of SM. INTERVENTIONS The patient received the treatment of pegylated interferon-alpha weekly and glucocorticoid daily. OUTCOMES The symptoms relieved significantly. LESSONS There are many similar features between POEMS syndrome and SM, probably leading to misdiagnosis. This study analyzed the different points between them which can provide help for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Hou
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyu Jiang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liubo Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Bao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanru Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jingan Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianning Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Valent P, Akin C, Hartmann K, Alvarez-Twose I, Brockow K, Hermine O, Niedoszytko M, Schwaab J, Lyons JJ, Carter MC, Elberink HO, Butterfield JH, George TI, Greiner G, Ustun C, Bonadonna P, Sotlar K, Nilsson G, Jawhar M, Siebenhaar F, Broesby-Olsen S, Yavuz S, Zanotti R, Lange M, Nedoszytko B, Hoermann G, Castells M, Radia DH, Muñoz-Gonzalez JI, Sperr WR, Triggiani M, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Galli SJ, Schwartz LB, Reiter A, Orfao A, Gotlib J, Arock M, Horny HP, Metcalfe DD. Updated Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Mast Cell Disorders: A Consensus Proposal. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e646. [PMID: 34901755 PMCID: PMC8659997 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a hematologic neoplasm characterized by expansion and focal accumulation of neoplastic mast cells (MC) in diverse organs, including the skin, bone marrow (BM), spleen, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. The World Health Organization classification divides the disease into prognostically distinct variants of cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) and systemic mastocytosis (SM). Although this classification remains valid, recent developments in the field and the advent of new diagnostic and prognostic parameters created a need to update and refine definitions and diagnostic criteria in MC neoplasms. In addition, MC activation syndromes (MCAS) and genetic features predisposing to SM and MCAS have been identified. To discuss these developments and refinements in the classification, we organized a Working Conference comprised of experts from Europe and the United States in August 2020. This article reports on outcomes from this conference. Of particular note, we propose adjustments in the classification of CM and SM, refinements in diagnostic criteria of SM variants, including smoldering SM and BM mastocytosis (BMM), and updated criteria for MCAS and other conditions involving MC. CD30 expression in MC now qualifies as a minor SM criterion, and BMM is now defined by SM criteria, absence of skin lesions and absence of B- and C-findings. A basal serum tryptase level exceeding 20 ng/mL remains a minor SM criterion, with recognition that hereditary alpha-tryptasemia and various myeloid neoplasms may also cause elevations in tryptase. Our updated proposal will support diagnostic evaluations and prognostication in daily practice and the conduct of clinical trials in MC disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Alvarez-Twose
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) and CIBERONC, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Imagine Institute Université de Paris, Sorbonne, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1163, Centre national de référence des mastocytoses, Hôpital Necker, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | - Juliana Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan J. Lyons
- Translational Allergic Immunopathology Unit, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melody C. Carter
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanneke Oude Elberink
- Department of Allergology, University Medical Center Groningen and GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tracy I. George
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Georg Greiner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria and Ihr Labor, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celalettin Ustun
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, The Coleman Foundation Blood and Marrow Transplant Center at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Department of Medicine Solna & Mastocytosis Centre, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Sigurd Broesby-Olsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Selim Yavuz
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roberta Zanotti
- Section of Hematology, Multidisciplinary Outpatients Clinics for Mastocytosis, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Magdalena Lange
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
- Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Center, Molecular Laboratory, Sopot, Poland
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariana Castells
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepti H. Radia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier I. Muñoz-Gonzalez
- Servicio Central de Citometria, Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (IBMCC; CSIC/USAL) Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Wolfgang R. Sperr
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Department of Pathology and the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lawrence B. Schwartz
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio Central de Citometria, Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (IBMCC; CSIC/USAL) Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute/Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dean D. Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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Jackson CW, Pratt CM, Rupprecht CP, Pattanaik D, Krishnaswamy G. Mastocytosis and Mast Cell Activation Disorders: Clearing the Air. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011270. [PMID: 34681933 PMCID: PMC8540348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cell precursors and are essential to the genesis and manifestations of the allergic response. Activation of these cells by allergens leads to degranulation and elaboration of inflammatory mediators, responsible for regulating the acute dramatic inflammatory response seen. Mast cells have also been incriminated in such diverse disorders as malignancy, arthritis, coronary artery disease, and osteoporosis. There has been a recent explosion in our understanding of the mast cell and the associated clinical conditions that affect this cell type. Some mast cell disorders are associated with specific genetic mutations (such as the D816V gain-of-function mutation) with resultant clonal disease. Such disorders include cutaneous mastocytosis, systemic mastocytosis (SM), its variants (indolent/ISM, smoldering/SSM, aggressive systemic mastocytosis/ASM) and clonal (or monoclonal) mast cell activation disorders or syndromes (CMCAS/MMAS). Besides clonal mast cell activations disorders/CMCAS (also referred to as monoclonal mast cell activation syndromes/MMAS), mast cell activation can also occur secondary to allergic, inflammatory, or paraneoplastic disease. Some disorders are idiopathic as their molecular pathogenesis and evolution are unclear. A genetic disorder, referred to as hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT) has also been described recently. This condition has been shown to be associated with increased severity of allergic and anaphylactic reactions and may interact variably with primary and secondary mast cell disease, resulting in complex combined disorders. The role of this review is to clarify the classification of mast cell disorders, point to molecular aspects of mast cell signaling, elucidate underlying genetic defects, and provide approaches to targeted therapies that may benefit such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Webster Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (C.W.J.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Cristina Marie Pratt
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (C.W.J.); (C.M.P.)
| | | | - Debendra Pattanaik
- The Division of Allergy and Immunology, UT Memphis College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
| | - Guha Krishnaswamy
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (C.W.J.); (C.M.P.)
- The Bill Hefner VA Medical Center, The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Salisbury, NC 28144, USA
- Correspondence: or
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