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Li Y, Sun Y, Li R, Zhou H, Li S, Jin P. Genetic Screening Revealed the Negative Regulation of miR-310~313 Cluster Members on Imd Pathway during Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:601. [PMID: 38790230 PMCID: PMC11120675 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune response is the first line of host defense against pathogenic microorganisms, and its excessive or insufficient activation is detrimental to the organism. Many individual microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial post-transcriptional regulators of immune homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the synergistical regulation of miRNAs located within a cluster on the Imd-immune pathway remains obscured. In our study, a genetic screening with 52 transgenic UAS-miRNAs was performed to identify ten miRNAs or miRNA clusters, including the miR310~313 cluster, which may function on Imd-dependent immune responses. The miRNA RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-310~313 cluster members exhibited an increase at 6-12 h post E. coli infection. Furthermore, the overexpression of the miR-310~313 cluster impaired the Drosophila survival. And the overexpression of miR-310/311/312 reduced Dpt expression, an indication of Imd pathway induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Conversely, the knockdown of miR-310/311/312 led to increases in Dpt expression. The Luciferase reporter expression assays and RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that miR-310~313 cluster members directly co-targeted and inhibited Imd transcription. These findings reveal that the members of the miR-310~313 cluster synergistically inhibit Imd-dependent immune responses by co-targeting the Imd gene in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (R.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (R.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shengjie Li
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China;
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (R.L.); (H.Z.)
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2
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Lu T, Ji Y, Chang M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zou Z. The accumulation of modular serine protease mediated by a novel circRNA sponging miRNA increases Aedes aegypti immunity to fungus. BMC Biol 2024; 22:7. [PMID: 38233907 PMCID: PMC10795361 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes transmit many infectious diseases that affect human health. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is a biological pesticide that is pathogenic to mosquitoes but harmless to the environment. RESULTS We found a microRNA (miRNA) that can modulate the antifungal immunity of Aedes aegypti by inhibiting its cognate serine protease. Fungal infection can induce the expression of modular serine protease (ModSP), and ModSP knockdown mosquitoes were more sensitive to B. bassiana infection. The novel miRNA-novel-53 is linked to antifungal immune response and was greatly diminished in infected mosquitoes. The miRNA-novel-53 could bind to the coding sequences of ModSP and impede its expression. Double fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that this inhibition occurred in the cytoplasm. The amount of miRNA-novel-53 increased after miRNA agomir injection. This resulted in a significant decrease in ModSP transcript and a significant increase in mortality after fungal infection. An opposite effect was produced after antagomir injection. The miRNA-novel-53 was also knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9, which increased mosquito resistance to the fungus B. bassiana. Moreover, mosquito novel-circ-930 can affect ModSP mRNA by interacting with miRNA-novel-53 during transfection with siRNA or overexpression plasmid. CONCLUSIONS Novel-circ-930 affects the expression level of ModSP by a novel-circ-930/miRNA-novel-53/ModSP mechanism to modulate antifungal immunity, revealing new information on innate immunity in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yannan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengmeng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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Mahanta DK, Bhoi TK, Komal J, Samal I, Nikhil RM, Paschapur AU, Singh G, Kumar PVD, Desai HR, Ahmad MA, Singh PP, Majhi PK, Mukherjee U, Singh P, Saini V, Shahanaz, Srinivasa N, Yele Y. Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169152. [PMID: 37691928 PMCID: PMC10491481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful. Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti-infective mechanisms. Bacterial phagocytosis and parasite encapsulation are some forms of cellular responses. Insects often defend themselves against infections through a humoral response. This phenomenon includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the hemolymph. Specific receptors for detecting infection are required for the recognition of foreign pathogens such as the proteins that recognize glucans and peptidoglycans, together referred to as PGRPs and βGRPs. Activation of these receptors leads to the stimulation of signaling pathways which further activates the genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides. Some instances of such pathways are the JAK-STAT, Imd, and Toll. The host immune response that frequently accompanies infections has, however, been circumvented by diseases, which may have assisted insects evolve their own complicated immune systems. The role of ncRNAs in insect immunology has been discussed in several notable studies and reviews. This paper examines the most recent research on the immune regulatory function of ncRNAs during insect-pathogen crosstalk, including insect- and pathogen-encoded miRNAs and lncRNAs, and provides an overview of the important insect signaling pathways and effector mechanisms activated by diverse pathogen invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Mahanta
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi
- Forest Protection Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) - Arid Forest Research Institute (ICFRE-AFRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - J. Komal
- Department of Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Ipsita Samal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Mushahari, Ramna, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - R. M. Nikhil
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Umesh Paschapur
- Crop Protection Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- The Directorate of Research, Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - P. V. Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H. R. Desai
- Department of Entomology, Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohammad Abbas Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - P. P. Singh
- Department of Entomology, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Majhi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - U. Mukherjee
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Pushpa Singh
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Varun Saini
- Department of Entomology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Shahanaz
- Department of Entomology, College of Horticulture Mojerla, Sri Konda Laxman Telengana State Horticultural University, Wanaparthy, Telengana, India
| | - N. Srinivasa
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Yele
- School of Crop Health Management Research, Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management (ICAR)- National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, India
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4
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Yao X, Ni J, Lin L, Jin P, Ma F. The NF-κB/Relish Activates miR-308 to Negatively Regulate Imd Pathway Immune Signaling in Drosophila. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:591-600. [PMID: 37358278 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The strength and duration of the NF-κB signaling response must be tightly modulated to avoid an inadequate or excessive immune response. Relish, a core NF-κB transcription factor of the Drosophila Imd pathway, can control the expression of antimicrobial peptides, including Dpt and AttA, to defend against Gram-negative bacterial infections, but whether Relish may regulate miRNA expression to participate in the immune response remains unclear. In this study, taking advantage of Drosophila S2 cells and different overexpression/knockout/knockdown flies, we first found that Relish could directly activate the expression of miR-308 to negatively regulate the immune response and promote the survival of Drosophila during Enterobacter cloacae infection. Second, our results demonstrated that Relish-mediated expression of miR-308 could suppress target gene Tab2 to attenuate the Drosophila Imd pathway signal during the middle and late stages of the immune response. Third, we detected the dynamic expression patterns of Dpt, AttA, Relish, miR-308, and Tab2 in wild-type flies after E. coli infection, which further revealed that the feedback regulatory loop of Relish-miR-308-Tab2 plays a crucial role in the immune response and homeostasis maintenance of the Drosophila Imd pathway. Overall, our present study not only illustrates an important mechanism by which this Relish-miR-308-Tab2 regulatory axis can negatively control the Drosophila immune response and participate in homeostasis maintenance but also provides new insights into the dynamic regulation of the NF-κB/miRNA expression network of animal innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yao
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Vilimova M, Pfeffer S. Post-transcriptional regulation of polycistronic microRNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1749. [PMID: 35702737 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An important proportion of microRNA (miRNA) genes tend to lie close to each other within animal genomes. Such genomic organization is generally referred to as miRNA clusters. Even though many miRNA clusters have been greatly studied, most attention has been usually focused on functional impacts of clustered miRNA co-expression. However, there is also another compelling aspect about these miRNA clusters, their polycistronic nature. Being transcribed on a single RNA precursor, polycistronic miRNAs benefit from common transcriptional regulation allowing their coordinated expression. And yet, numerous reports have revealed striking discrepancies in the accumulation of mature miRNAs produced from the same cluster. Indeed, the larger polycistronic transcripts can act as platforms providing unforeseen post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling individual miRNA processing, thus leading to differential miRNA expression, and sometimes even challenging the general assumption that polycistronic miRNAs are co-expressed. In this review, we aim to address the current knowledge about how miRNA polycistrons are post-transcriptionally regulated. In particular, we will focus on the mechanisms occurring at the level of the primary transcript, which are highly relevant for individual miRNA processing and as such have a direct repercussion on miRNA function within the cell. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vilimova
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Pfeffer
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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6
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Abbas MN, Kausar S, Asma B, Ran W, Li J, Lin Z, Li T, Cui H. MicroRNAs reshape the immunity of insects in response to bacterial infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176966. [PMID: 37153604 PMCID: PMC10161253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between bacteria and insects can significantly impact a wide range of different areas because bacteria and insects are widely distributed around the globe. The bacterial-insect interactions have the potential to directly affect human health since insects are vectors for disease transmission, and their interactions can also have economic consequences. In addition, they have been linked to high mortality rates in economically important insects, resulting in substantial economic losses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are types of non-coding RNAs involved in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. The length of miRNAs ranges from 19 to 22 nucleotides. MiRNAs, in addition to their ability to exhibit dynamic expression patterns, have a diverse range of targets. This enables them to govern various physiological activities in insects, like innate immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs have a crucial biological role in bacterial infection by influencing immune responses and other mechanisms for resistance. This review focuses on some of the most recent and exciting discoveries made in recent years, including the correlation between the dysregulation of miRNA expression in the context of bacterial infection and the progression of the infection. Furthermore, it describes how they profoundly impact the immune responses of the host by targeting the Toll, IMD, and JNK signaling pathways. It also emphasizes the biological function of miRNAs in regulating immune responses in insects. Finally, it also discusses current knowledge gaps about the function of miRNAs in insect immunity, in addition to areas that require more research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bibi Asma
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhao Ran
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Surgery, The Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingui Li
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Surgery, The Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zini Lin
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Surgery, The Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Surgery, The Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Tiejun Li, ; Hongjuan Cui,
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Tiejun Li, ; Hongjuan Cui,
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7
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Lu MY, Chtarbanova S. The role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster's innate immunity. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:382-396. [PMID: 36412256 PMCID: PMC9683055 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2149204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs ~19-22 nt long which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their ability to exhibit dynamic expression patterns coupled with their wide variety of targets allows miRNAs to regulate many processes, including the innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. Recent studies have identified miRNAs in Drosophila which are differentially expressed during infection with different pathogens as well as miRNAs that may affect immune signalling when differentially expressed. This review provides an overview of miRNAswhich have been identified to play a role in the immune response of Drosophila through targeting of the Toll and IMD signalling pathways and other immune processes. It will also explore the role of miRNAs in fine-tuning the immune response in Drosophila and highlight current gaps in knowledge regarding the role of miRNAs in immunity and areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Yang Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Stanislava Chtarbanova
- Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA,Center for Convergent Bioscience & Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA,Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA,CONTACT Stanislava Chtarbanova Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
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8
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Hegde S, Sreejan A, Gadgil CJ, Ratnaparkhi GS. SUMOylation of Dorsal attenuates Toll/NF-κB signaling. Genetics 2022; 221:iyac081. [PMID: 35567478 PMCID: PMC9252280 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, Toll/NF-κB signaling plays key roles in both animal development and in host defense. The activation, intensity, and kinetics of Toll signaling are regulated by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, SUMOylation, or ubiquitination that target multiple proteins in the Toll/NF-κB cascade. Here, we have generated a CRISPR-Cas9 edited Dorsal (DL) variant that is SUMO conjugation resistant. Intriguingly, embryos laid by dlSCR mothers overcome dl haploinsufficiency and complete the developmental program. This ability appears to be a result of higher transcriptional activation by DLSCR. In contrast, SUMOylation dampens DL transcriptional activation, ultimately conferring robustness to the dorso-ventral program. In the larval immune response, dlSCR animals show an increase in crystal cell numbers, stronger activation of humoral defense genes, and high cactus levels. A mathematical model that evaluates the contribution of the small fraction of SUMOylated DL (1-5%) suggests that it acts to block transcriptional activation, which is driven primarily by DL that is not SUMO conjugated. Our findings define SUMO conjugation as an important regulator of the Toll signaling cascade, in both development and host defense. Our results broadly suggest that SUMO attenuates DL at the level of transcriptional activation. Furthermore, we hypothesize that SUMO conjugation of DL may be part of a Ubc9-dependent mechanism that restrains Toll/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Hegde
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ashley Sreejan
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR—National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Chetan J Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR—National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- CSIR—Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India
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9
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Moure UAE, Tan T, Sha L, Lu X, Shao Z, Yang G, Wang Y, Cui H. Advances in the Immune Regulatory Role of Non-Coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) in Insect-Pathogen Interactions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856457. [PMID: 35464405 PMCID: PMC9020863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are by far the most abundant and diverse living organisms on earth and are frequently prone to microbial attacks. In other to counteract and overcome microbial invasions, insects have in an evolutionary way conserved and developed immune defense mechanisms such as Toll, immune deficiency (Imd), and JAK/STAT signaling pathways leading to the expression of antimicrobial peptides. These pathways have accessory immune effector mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, encapsulation, melanization, nodulation, RNA interference (RNAi), lysis, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, pathogens evolved strategies that circumvent host immune response following infections, which may have helped insects further sophisticate their immune response mechanisms. The involvement of ncRNAs in insect immunity is undeniable, and several excellent studies or reviews have investigated and described their roles in various insects. However, the functional analyses of ncRNAs in insects upon pathogen attacks are not exhaustive as novel ncRNAs are being increasingly discovered in those organisms. This article gives an overview of the main insect signaling pathways and effector mechanisms activated by pathogen invaders and summarizes the latest findings of the immune modulation role of both insect- and pathogen-encoded ncRNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs during insect–pathogen crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Aymard Ekomi Moure
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingshan Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Sha
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Shao
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Zhou H, Li S, Wu S, Jin P, Ma F. LncRNA-CR11538 Decoys Dif/Dorsal to Reduce Antimicrobial Peptide Products for Restoring Drosophila Toll Immunity Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810117. [PMID: 34576280 PMCID: PMC8468853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoiding excessive or insufficient immune responses and maintaining homeostasis are critical for animal survival. Although many positive or negative modulators involved in immune responses have been identified, little has been reported to date concerning whether the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can regulate Drosophila immunity response. In this study, we firstly discover that the overexpression of lncRNA-CR11538 can inhibit the expressions of antimicrobial peptides Drosomycin (Drs) and Metchnikowin (Mtk) in vivo, thereby suppressing the Toll signaling pathway. Secondly, our results demonstrate that lncRNA-CR11538 can interact with transcription factors Dif/Dorsal in the nucleus based on both subcellular localization and RIP analyses. Thirdly, our findings reveal that lncRNA-CR11538 can decoy Dif/Dorsal away from the promoters of Drs and Mtk to repress their transcriptions by ChIP-qPCR and dual luciferase report experiments. Fourthly, the dynamic expression changes of Drs, Dif, Dorsal and lncRNA-CR11538 in wild-type flies (w1118) at different time points after M. luteus stimulation disclose that lncRNA-CR11538 can help Drosophila restore immune homeostasis in the later period of immune response. Overall, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which lncRNA-CR11538 serves as a Dif/Dorsal decoy to downregulate antimicrobial peptide expressions for restoring Drosophila Toll immunity homeostasis, and provides a new insight into further studying the complex regulatory mechanism of animal innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Zhou
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (F.M.)
| | - Shengjie Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (F.M.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (F.M.)
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-85891050
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (F.M.)
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