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Taherian M, Bayati P, Mojtabavi N. Stem cell-based therapy for fibrotic diseases: mechanisms and pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38886859 PMCID: PMC11184790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process, that could result in permanent scarring and impairment of the physiological function of the affected organ; this condition which is categorized under the term organ failure could affect various organs in different situations. The involvement of the major organs, such as the lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and skin, is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality across the world. Fibrotic disorders encompass a broad range of complications and could be traced to various illnesses and impairments; these could range from simple skin scars with beauty issues to severe rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders such as systemic sclerosis as well as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Besides, the overactivation of immune responses during any inflammatory condition causing tissue damage could contribute to the pathogenic fibrotic events accompanying the healing response; for instance, the inflammation resulting from tissue engraftment could cause the formation of fibrotic scars in the grafted tissue, even in cases where the immune system deals with hard to clear infections, fibrotic scars could follow and cause severe adverse effects. A good example of such a complication is post-Covid19 lung fibrosis which could impair the life of the affected individuals with extensive lung involvement. However, effective therapies that halt or slow down the progression of fibrosis are missing in the current clinical settings. Considering the immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of distinct stem cell types, their application as an anti-fibrotic agent, capable of attenuating tissue fibrosis has been investigated by many researchers. Although the majority of the studies addressing the anti-fibrotic effects of stem cells indicated their potent capabilities, the underlying mechanisms, and pathways by which these cells could impact fibrotic processes remain poorly understood. Here, we first, review the properties of various stem cell types utilized so far as anti-fibrotic treatments and discuss the challenges and limitations associated with their applications in clinical settings; then, we will summarize the general and organ-specific mechanisms and pathways contributing to tissue fibrosis; finally, we will describe the mechanisms and pathways considered to be employed by distinct stem cell types for exerting anti-fibrotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Taherian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Bayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sadeghi H, Masoudi M, Torabi P, Rezaeiani S, Movahedi F, Pahlavan S, Moradi S. Conditioned media from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes inhibit the growth and migration of lung cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:446-458. [PMID: 36791227 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Conditioned media (CM) from various cell types contain significant levels of paracrine factors. Recently, therapeutic properties of CM derived from stem cells have been revealed. Based on the fact that heart cancer is extremely rarely, we hypothesized that the CM obtained from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes might inhibit cancer cell growth and survival. To this end, lung cancer cell line A549 along with human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) were treated with serial concentrations of cardiomyocyte CM (CCM) or fibroblast CM (FCM). We found that CCM markedly reduced the viability of lung cancer cells, while FCM did not compromise the viability of neither cancer cells nor HFF cells. Furthermore, we determined an optimized CCM concentration, 30 mg/mL, at which the growth, clonogenicity, and migration of A549 and Calu6 lung cancer cell lines were substantially impaired, whereas FCM did not influence these properties. Moreover, lung cancer cells exhibited cell cycle regulation upon treatment with CCM and the rate of apoptosis was markedly increased by cardiomyocyte CM in both lung cancer cell lines tested. Finally, in response to CCM treatment, A549 and Calu6 cells expressed lower levels of antiapoptotic and stemness genes, but higher levels of proapoptotic genes. In conclusion, this study provides cellular and molecular evidence for the antitumor ability of secretome obtained from stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Sadeghi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Masoudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Torabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Rezaeiani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Movahedi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Dash BC, Korutla L, Vallabhajosyula P, Hsia HC. Unlocking the Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Wound Healing: The Next Frontier of Regenerative Medicine. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:622-638. [PMID: 34155919 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Nonhealing wounds are a significant burden for the health care system all over the world. Existing treatment options are not enough to promote healing, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapies. In addition, the current advancements in tissue-engineered skin constructs and stem cell-based therapies are facing significant hurdles due to the absence of a renewable source of functional cells. Recent Advances: Induced pluripotent stem cell technology (iPSC) is emerging as a novel tool to develop the next generation of personalized medicine for the treatment of chronic wounds. The iPSC provides unlimited access to various skin cells to generate complex personalized three-dimensional skin constructs for disease modeling and autologous grafts. Furthermore, the iPSC-based therapies can target distinct wound healing phases and have shown accelerating wound closure by enhancing angiogenesis, cell migration, tissue regeneration, and modulating inflammation. Critical Issues: Since the last decade, iPSC has been revolutionizing the field of wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Despite the current progress, safety and heterogeneity among iPSC lines are still major hurdles in addition to the lack of large animal studies. These challenges need to be addressed before translating an iPSC-based therapy to the clinic. Future Directions: Future considerations should be given to performing large animal studies to check the safety and efficiency of iPSC-based therapy in a wound healing setup. Furthermore, strategies should be developed to overcome variation between hiPSC lines, develop an efficient manufacturing process for iPSC-derived products, and generate complex skin constructs with vasculature and skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biraja C Dash
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laxminarayana Korutla
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prashanth Vallabhajosyula
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Xie Z, Xia T, Wu D, Che L, Zhang W, Cai X, Liu S. Identification of the key genes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:665. [PMID: 35845513 PMCID: PMC9279780 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prevalent mainly in older adults, especially those who are smokers. It appears to be regulated by multiple genes, but there is some degree of familial clustering. The evidence to date suggests that COPD-associated biomarkers are largely inadequate for disease diagnosis, so we conducted a comprehensive search for more specific genetic markers. Methods We used 3 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By investigating the biological information [i.e., Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)], we filtered out 8 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and validated the transcript levels of those hub genes in 16HBE cell lines, THP-1 cell lines and lung tissue of COPD patients. Results The 8 hub genes comprised amyloid precursor protein (APP), fibronectin 1, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), β-actin, capping actin protein of muscle Z-line subunit alpha 2, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), catalase (CAT), and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) were selected from among the DEGs. Cigarette smoke extract-stimulated 16HBE cells were found to highly express SPP1, CSF2, and IGF1. In addition, IGF1 levels were increased and IGF1 and APP levels were decreased in CSE-stimulated THP-1 cells. SPP1 and FN1 showed increased expression levels in lung tissue of COPD patients, but the opposite held for APP and CAT. Conclusions We identified 8 hub genes of COPD based on GO, KEGG and WGCNA, which have provided insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxue Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Ofir R. hiPSC-Derived Cells as Models for Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168626. [PMID: 34445332 PMCID: PMC8395303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Ofir
- BGU-iPSC Core Facility, The Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
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Andrade AC, Wolf M, Binder HM, Gomes FG, Manstein F, Ebner-Peking P, Poupardin R, Zweigerdt R, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Hypoxic Conditions Promote the Angiogenic Potential of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083890. [PMID: 33918735 PMCID: PMC8070165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells secrete paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs) which can mediate cellular communication and support the regeneration of injured tissues. Reduced oxygen (hypoxia) as a key regulator in development and regeneration may influence cellular communication via EVs. We asked whether hypoxic conditioning during human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) culture effects their EV quantity, quality or EV-based angiogenic potential. We produced iPSC-EVs from large-scale culture-conditioned media at 1%, 5% and 18% air oxygen using tangential flow filtration (TFF), with or without subsequent concentration by ultracentrifugation (TUCF). EVs were quantified by tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), characterized according to MISEV2018 guidelines, and analyzed for angiogenic potential. We observed superior EV recovery by TFF compared to TUCF. We confirmed hypoxia efficacy by HIF-1α stabilization and pimonidazole hypoxyprobe. EV quantity did not differ significantly at different oxygen conditions. Significantly elevated angiogenic potential was observed for iPSC-EVs derived from 1% oxygen culture by TFF or TUCF as compared to EVs obtained at higher oxygen or the corresponding EV-depleted soluble factor fractions. Data thus demonstrate that cell-culture oxygen conditions and mode of EV preparation affect iPSC-EV function. We conclude that selecting appropriate protocols will further improve production of particularly potent iPSC-EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Cronemberger Andrade
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Martin Wolf
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Heide-Marie Binder
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Fausto Gueths Gomes
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Felix Manstein
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Patricia Ebner-Peking
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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