1
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Barritt SA, DuBois-Coyne SE, Dibble CC. Coenzyme A biosynthesis: mechanisms of regulation, function and disease. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1008-1023. [PMID: 38871981 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle, nutrient oxidation, histone acetylation and synthesis of lipids, glycans and haem all require the cofactor coenzyme A (CoA). Although the sources and regulation of the acyl groups carried by CoA for these processes are heavily studied, a key underlying question is less often considered: how is production of CoA itself controlled? Here, we discuss the many cellular roles of CoA and the regulatory mechanisms that govern its biosynthesis from cysteine, ATP and the essential nutrient pantothenate (vitamin B5), or from salvaged precursors in mammals. Metabolite feedback and signalling mechanisms involving acetyl-CoA, other acyl-CoAs, acyl-carnitines, MYC, p53, PPARα, PINK1 and insulin- and growth factor-stimulated PI3K-AKT signalling regulate the vitamin B5 transporter SLC5A6/SMVT and CoA biosynthesis enzymes PANK1, PANK2, PANK3, PANK4 and COASY. We also discuss methods for measuring CoA-related metabolites, compounds that target CoA biosynthesis and diseases caused by mutations in pathway enzymes including types of cataracts, cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration (PKAN and COPAN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Barritt
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E DuBois-Coyne
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian C Dibble
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Moiseenok AG, Kanunnikova NP. Brain CoA and Acetyl CoA Metabolism in Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:466-480. [PMID: 37080933 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792304003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The processes of biotransformation of pantothenic acid (Pan) in the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of CoA, key role of pantothenate kinase (PANK) and CoA synthetase (CoASY) in the formation of the priority mitochondrial pool of CoA, with a high metabolic turnover of the coenzyme and limited transport of Pan across the blood-brain barrier are considered. The system of acetyl-CoA, a secondary messenger, which is the main substrate of acetylation processes including formation of N-acetyl aspartate and acetylcholine, post-translational modification of histones, predetermines protection of the neurons against degenerative signals and cholinergic neurotransmission. Biochemical mechanisms of neurodegenerative syndromes in the cases of PANK and CoASY defects, and the possibility of correcting of CoA biosynthesis in the models with knockouts of these enzymes have been described. The data of a post-mortem study of the brains from the patients with Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases are presented, proving Pan deficiency in the CNS, which is especially pronounced in the pathognomonic neurostructures. In the frontal cortex of the patients with Parkinson's disease, combined immunofluorescence of anti-CoA- and anti-tau protein was detected, reflecting CoAlation during dimerization of the tau protein and its redox sensitivity. Redox activity and antioxidant properties of the precursors of CoA biosynthesis were confirmed in vitro with synaptosomal membranes and mitochondria during modeling of aluminum neurotoxicity accompanied by the decrease in the level of CoA in CNS. The ability of CoA biosynthesis precursors to stabilize glutathione pool in neurostructures, in particular, in the hippocampus, is considered as a pathogenetic protection mechanism during exposure to neurotoxins, development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and justifies the combined use of Pan derivatives (for example, D-panthenol) and glutathione precursors (N-acetylcysteine). Taking into account the discovery of new functions of CoA (redox-dependent processes of CoAlation of proteins, possible association of oxidative stress and deficiency of Pan (CoA) in neurodegenerative pathology), it seems promising to study bioavailability and biotransformation of Pan derivatives, in particular of D-panthenol, 4'-phospho-pantetheine, its acylated derivatives, and compositions with redox pharmacological compounds, are promising for their potential use as etiopathogenetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Moiseenok
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grodno, 230023, Belarus.
| | - Nina P Kanunnikova
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grodno, 230023, Belarus
- Yanka Kupala's Grodno State University, Grodno, 230023, Belarus
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3
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Bravo-Alonso I, Morin M, Arribas-Carreira L, Álvarez M, Pedrón-Giner C, Soletto L, Santolaria C, Ramón-Maiques S, Ugarte M, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Ariño J, Moreno-Pelayo MÁ, Pérez B. Pathogenic variants of the coenzyme A biosynthesis-associated enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase cause autosomal-recessive dilated cardiomyopathy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:261-272. [PMID: 36564894 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor involved in a range of metabolic pathways including the activation of long-chain fatty acids for catabolism. Cells synthesize CoA de novo from vitamin B5 (pantothenate) via a pathway strongly conserved across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In humans, it involves five enzymatic steps catalyzed by four enzymes: pantothenate kinase (PANK [isoforms 1-4]), 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS), phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (PPCDC), and CoA synthase (COASY). To date, inborn errors of metabolism associated with all of these genes, except PPCDC, have been described, two related to neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), and one associated with a cardiac phenotype. This paper reports another defect in this pathway (detected in two sisters), associated with a fatal cardiac phenotype, caused by biallelic variants (p.Thr53Pro and p.Ala95Val) of PPCDC. PPCDC enzyme (EC 4.1.1.36) catalyzes the decarboxylation of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine to 4'-phosphopantetheine in CoA biosynthesis. The variants p.Thr53Pro and p.Ala95Val affect residues highly conserved across different species; p.Thr53Pro is involved in the binding of flavin mononucleotide, and p.Ala95Val is likely a destabilizing mutation. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed an absence of PPCDC protein, and nearly 50% reductions in CoA levels. The cells showed clear energy deficiency problems, with defects in mitochondrial respiration, and mostly glycolytic ATP synthesis. Functional studies performed in yeast suggest these mutations to be functionally relevant. In summary, this work describes a new, ultra-rare, severe inborn error of metabolism due to pathogenic variants of PPCDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bravo-Alonso
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías Morin
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/07/0048; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Arribas-Carreira
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Álvarez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Pedrón-Giner
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Soletto
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santolaria
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina & Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Pombo
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ariño
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina & Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno-Pelayo
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/07/0048; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Filonenko V, Gout I. Discovery and functional characterisation of protein CoAlation and the antioxidant function of coenzyme A. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100075. [PMID: 37082257 PMCID: PMC10074942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor in all living cells which plays critical role in cellular metabolism, the regulation of gene expression and the biosynthesis of major cellular constituents. Recently, CoA was found to function as a major antioxidant in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This unconventional function of CoA is mediated by a novel post-translational modification, termed protein CoAlation. This review will highlight the history of this discovery, current knowledge, and future directions on studying molecular mechanisms of protein CoAlation and whether the antioxidant function of CoA is associated with pathologies, such as neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Filonenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ivan Gout
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors.
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5
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Hayflick SJ, Jeong SY, Sibon OCM. PKAN pathogenesis and treatment. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:283-291. [PMID: 36240582 PMCID: PMC9970616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies aimed at supporting different treatment approaches for pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) have revealed the complexity of coenzyme A (CoA) metabolism and the limits of our current knowledge about disease pathogenesis. Here we offer a foundation for critically evaluating the myriad approaches, argue for the importance of unbiased disease models, and highlight some of the outstanding questions that are central to our understanding and treating PKAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Hayflick
- Departments of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Suh Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ody C M Sibon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
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6
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Fan Z, Jia W, Du A, Shi L. Pseudo-targeted metabolomics analysis of the therapeutic effect of phenolics-rich extract from Se-enriched green tea (Camellia sinensis) on LPS-stimulated murine macrophage (RAW264.7). Food Res Int 2022; 159:111666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Dobrzyn P. CoA in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084371. [PMID: 35457189 PMCID: PMC9026968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) and its thioester derivatives are crucial components of numerous biosynthetic and degradative pathways of the cellular metabolism (including fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, the Krebs cycle, ketogenesis, cholesterol and acetylcholine biosynthesis, amino acid degradation, and neurotransmitter biosynthesis), post-translational modifications of proteins, and the regulation of gene expression [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Yang C, He S, Lu S, Liao X, Song Y, Chen ZF, Zhang G, Li R, Dong C, Qi Z, Cai Z. Pollution characteristics, exposure assessment and potential cardiotoxicities of PM 2.5-bound benzotriazole and its derivatives in typical Chinese cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151132. [PMID: 34695464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole and its derivatives (BTRs), classified as high-volume production chemicals, have been widely detected in various environmental media, including the atmosphere, water, soil and dust, as well as organisms. However, studies on the pollution characteristics and health impact of PM2.5 related BTRs are so far limited. This study is the first to demonstrate the regional scale distribution of PM2.5-bound BTRs and their potential cardiotoxicities. Optimized methods of extraction, purification and GC-EI-MS/MS were applied to characterize and analyze PM2.5-bound BTRs from three cities in China during the winter of 2018. The concentration of ∑BTRs in Taiyuan (6.28 ng·m-3) was more than three times that in Shanghai (1.53 ng·m-3) and Guangzhou (1.99 ng·m-3). Benzotriazole (BTR) and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5TTR) contributed more than 80% of ∑BTRs concentration as the major pollutants among three cities. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between temperature and concentration of BTR and a negative correlation between temperature and concentration of 5TTR. In addition, the risk of BTRs exposure to toddlers should be paid more attention in Taiyuan by the human exposure assessment. Furthermore, toxicity screening by experimental methods indicated that 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4TTR) was the most harmful to cardiomyocytes. The western blot assay showed a ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway was activated after exposure to 4TTR in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). On the other hand, metabolomics revealed that exposure of 4TTR to NRCMs disturbed mitochondrial energy metabolism by disturbing pantothenate and coenzyme A synthesis pathway. Our study not only clarifies the contamination profiles of PM2.5-bound BTRs in typical Chinese cities but also reveals their cardiotoxicities associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiyao He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shimin Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Olzhausen J, Grigat M, Seifert L, Ulbricht T, Schüller HJ. Increased biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of a deregulated pantothenate kinase gene and engineering of the coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7321-7337. [PMID: 34491400 PMCID: PMC8494682 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) and its derivatives such as acetyl-CoA are essential metabolites for several biosynthetic reactions. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, five enzymes (encoded by essential genes CAB1-CAB5; coenzyme A biosynthesis) are required to perform CoA biosynthesis from pantothenate, cysteine, and ATP. Similar to enzymes from other eukaryotes, yeast pantothenate kinase (PanK, encoded by CAB1) turned out to be inhibited by acetyl-CoA. By genetic selection of intragenic suppressors of a temperature-sensitive cab1 mutant combined with rationale mutagenesis of the presumed acetyl-CoA binding site within PanK, we were able to identify the variant CAB1 W331R, encoding a hyperactive PanK completely insensitive to inhibition by acetyl-CoA. Using a versatile gene integration cassette containing the TPI1 promoter, we constructed strains overexpressing CAB1 W331R in combination with additional genes of CoA biosynthesis (CAB2, CAB3, HAL3, CAB4, and CAB5). In these strains, the level of CoA nucleotides was 15-fold increased, compared to a reference strain without additional CAB genes. Overexpression of wild-type CAB1 instead of CAB1 W331R turned out as substantially less effective (fourfold increase of CoA nucleotides). Supplementation of overproducing strains with additional pantothenate could further elevate the level of CoA (2.3-fold). Minor increases were observed after overexpression of FEN2 (encoding a pantothenate permease) and deletion of PCD1 (CoA-specific phosphatase). We conclude that the strategy described in this work may improve the efficiency of biotechnological applications depending on acetyl-CoA. Key points • A gene encoding a hyperactive yeast pantothenate kinase (PanK) was constructed. • Overexpression of CoA biosynthetic genes elevated CoA nucleotides 15-fold. • Supplementation with pantothenate further increased the level of CoA nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Olzhausen
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Abteilung Molekulare Genetik und Infektionsbiologie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Cendres+Métaux SA, CH-2501, Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Grigat
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Abteilung Molekulare Genetik und Infektionsbiologie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Larissa Seifert
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Abteilung Molekulare Genetik und Infektionsbiologie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Medizinische Klinik, Nephrologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tom Ulbricht
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Abteilung Molekulare Genetik und Infektionsbiologie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schüller
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Abteilung Molekulare Genetik und Infektionsbiologie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
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10
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Zengin G, Bumbu AG, Andronie-Cioara FL, Nechifor AC, Gitea D, Bungau AF, Toma MM, Bungau SG. The Footprint of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurodegeneration: Janus-Faced Role in Parkinson's Disorder and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6737. [PMID: 34201647 PMCID: PMC8268239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive degeneration of neurons and aggravation of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta results in the loss of dopamine in the brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Numerous therapies, exhibiting transient efficacy have been developed; however, they are mostly accompanied by side effects and limited reliability, therefore instigating the need to develop novel optimistic treatment targets. Significant therapeutic targets have been identified, namely: chaperones, protein Abelson, glucocerebrosidase-1, calcium, neuromelanin, ubiquitin-proteasome system, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the kynurenine pathway (KP). The role of KP and its metabolites and enzymes in PD, namely quinolinic acid (QUIN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranillic acid (3-HAA), kunurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO), etc. has been reported. The neurotoxic QUIN, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, and neuroprotective KYNA-which antagonizes QUIN actions-primarily justify the Janus-faced role of KP in PD. Moreover, KP has been reported to play a biomarker role in PD detection. Therefore, the authors detail the neurotoxic, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory neuroactive components, alongside the upstream and downstream metabolic pathways of KP, forming a basis for a therapeutic paradigm of the disease while recognizing KP as a potential biomarker in PD, thus facilitating the development of a suitable target in PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122412, India;
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616 Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa 611, Oman;
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616 Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa 611, Oman;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Adrian Gheorghe Bumbu
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (D.G.); (M.M.T.)
| | | | - Mirela Marioara Toma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (D.G.); (M.M.T.)
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (D.G.); (M.M.T.)
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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11
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Baković J, Yu BYK, Silva D, Baczynska M, Peak-Chew SY, Switzer A, Burchell L, Wigneshweraraj S, Vandanashree M, Gopal B, Filonenko V, Skehel M, Gout I. Redox Regulation of the Quorum-sensing Transcription Factor AgrA by Coenzyme A. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060841. [PMID: 34070323 PMCID: PMC8228455 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an aggressive opportunistic pathogen of prominent virulence and antibiotic resistance. These characteristics are due in part to the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum-sensing system, which allows for the rapid adaptation of S. aureus to environmental changes and thus promotes virulence and the development of pathogenesis. AgrA is the agr system response regulator that binds to the P2 and P3 promoters and upregulates agr expression. In this study, we reveal that S. aureus AgrA is modified by covalent binding of CoA (CoAlation) in response to oxidative or metabolic stress. The sites of CoAlation were mapped by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and revealed that oxidation-sensing Cys199 is modified by CoA. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis showed an inhibitory effect of CoAlation on the DNA-binding activity, as CoAlated AgrA had significantly lower affinity towards the P2 and P3 promoters than non-CoAlated AgrA. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the mode of transcriptional regulation in S. aureus and further elucidates the link between the quorum-sensing and oxidation-sensing roles of the agr system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Baković
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (J.B.); (B.Y.K.Y.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Bess Yi Kun Yu
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (J.B.); (B.Y.K.Y.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Daniel Silva
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (J.B.); (B.Y.K.Y.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Baczynska
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (J.B.); (B.Y.K.Y.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Sew Yeu Peak-Chew
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (S.Y.P.-C.); (M.S.)
| | - Amy Switzer
- Section of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.S.); (L.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Lynn Burchell
- Section of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.S.); (L.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Sivaramesh Wigneshweraraj
- Section of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.S.); (L.B.); (S.W.)
| | | | - Balasubramanian Gopal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (M.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 143 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Mark Skehel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (S.Y.P.-C.); (M.S.)
| | - Ivan Gout
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (J.B.); (B.Y.K.Y.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 143 Kyiv, Ukraine;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0044-2076794482; Fax: +0044-2076797193
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Yu BYK, Tossounian MA, Hristov SD, Lawrence R, Arora P, Tsuchiya Y, Peak-Chew SY, Filonenko V, Oxenford S, Angell R, Gouge J, Skehel M, Gout I. Regulation of metastasis suppressor NME1 by a key metabolic cofactor coenzyme A. Redox Biol 2021; 44:101978. [PMID: 33903070 PMCID: PMC8212152 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastasis suppressor protein NME1 is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional enzyme that plays an important role in suppressing the invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity of NME1 is well recognized in balancing the intracellular pools of nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates to regulate cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell motility, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and metastasis. In addition, NME1 was found to function as a protein-histidine kinase, 3′-5′ exonuclease and geranyl/farnesyl pyrophosphate kinase. These diverse cellular functions are regulated at the level of expression, post-translational modifications, and regulatory interactions. The NDPK activity of NME1 has been shown to be inhibited in vitro and in vivo under oxidative stress, and the inhibitory effect mediated via redox-sensitive cysteine residues. In this study, affinity purification followed by mass spectrometric analysis revealed NME1 to be a major coenzyme A (CoA) binding protein in cultured cells and rat tissues. NME1 is also found covalently modified by CoA (CoAlation) at Cys109 in the CoAlome analysis of HEK293/Pank1β cells treated with the disulfide-stress inducer, diamide. Further analysis showed that recombinant NME1 is efficiently CoAlated in vitro and in cellular response to oxidising agents and metabolic stress. In vitro CoAlation of recombinant wild type NME1, but not the C109A mutant, results in the inhibition of its NDPK activity. Moreover, CoA also functions as a competitive inhibitor of the NME1 NDPK activity by binding non-covalently to the nucleotide binding site. Taken together, our data reveal metastasis suppressor protein NME1 as a novel binding partner of the key metabolic regulator CoA, which inhibits its nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity via non-covalent and covalent interactions. NME1 is a major CoA-binding protein. CoA can bind NME1 through covalent and non-covalent interactions. NME1 CoAlation is induced by oxidative and metabolic stress in mammalian cells. CoA inhibits the NDPK activity of NME1 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bess Yi Kun Yu
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Armineh Tossounian
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Denchev Hristov
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Lawrence
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Pallavi Arora
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Yugo Tsuchiya
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sew Yeu Peak-Chew
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kyiv, 143, Ukraine
| | - Sally Oxenford
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Angell
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Gouge
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Skehel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Gout
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kyiv, 143, Ukraine.
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