1
|
Yi K, Miao S, Yang B, Li S, Lu Y. Harnessing the Potential of Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Enhanced Functionalities in Food Applications. Foods 2024; 13:439. [PMID: 38338575 PMCID: PMC10855628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most abundant natural polysaccharides that possess good biological activity, chitosan is extracted from chitin. Its application in the food field is being increasingly valued. However, chitosan extraction is difficult, and its poor solubility limits its application. At present, the extraction methods include the acid-base method, new chemical methods, and biological methods. The extraction rates of chitin/chitosan are 4-55%, 13-14%, and 15-28%, respectively. Different chemical modifications have different effects on chitosan, making it applicable in different fields. This article reviews and compares the extraction and chemical modification methods of chitosan, emphasizing the importance of green extraction methods. Finally, the application prospects of chitosan in the food industry are discussed. This will promote the understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods for chitosan as well as the relationship between modification and application, providing valuable insights for the future development of chitosan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yi
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Shiyuan Miao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Bixing Yang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Sijie Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhuang X, Zhao M, Ji X, Yang S, Yin H, Zhao L. Chitobiose exhibited a lipid-lowering effect in ob/ob -/- mice via butyric acid enrolled liver-gut crosstalk. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:79. [PMID: 38647627 PMCID: PMC10991647 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitobiose (COS2) efficiently lowers lipids in vivo and facilitates butyric acid enrichment during human fecal fermentation. However, whether COS2 can interact with butyric acid to generate a hypolipidemic effect remains unclear. This study examined the hypolipidemic mechanism of COS2 involving butyric acid, which could alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results revealed that COS2 administration modulated the β-oxidation pathway in the liver and restructured the short chain fatty acids in the fecal of ob/ob-/- mice. Moreover, the hypolipidemic effect of COS2 and its specific accumulated metabolite butyric acid was verified in sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cells. Butyric acid was more effective to reverse lipid accumulation and up-regulate β-oxidation pathway at lower concentrations. Furthermore, structural analysis suggested that butyric acid formed hydrogen bonds with key residues in hydrophilic ligand binding domains (LBDs) of PPARα and activated the transcriptional activity of the receptor. Therefore, the potential mechanism behind the lipid-lowering effect of COS2 in vivo involved restoring hepatic lipid disorders via butyric acid accumulation and liver-gut axis signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anegkamol W, Kamkang P, Hunthai S, Kaewwongse M, Taweevisit M, Chuaypen N, Rattanachaisit P, Dissayabutra T. The Usefulness of Resistant Maltodextrin and Chitosan Oligosaccharide in Management of Gut Leakage and Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3363. [PMID: 37571302 PMCID: PMC10420640 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota-dysbiosis-induced gut leakage is a pathophysiologic change in chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to the production of several uremic toxins and their absorption into the bloodstream to worsen the renal complications. We evaluate the benefits of resistant maltodextrin (RMD) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplements in cell culture and CKD-induced rats. The RMD exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and intestinal occludin and zonula occluden-1 up-regulation in CKD rats compared with inulin and COS. While all prebiotics slightly improved gut dysbiosis, RMD remarkably promoted the relative abundance and the combined abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia, and Roseburia in CKD rats. Supplements of RMD should be advantageous in the treatment of gut leakage and microbiota dysbiosis in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weerapat Anegkamol
- Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.A.); (P.K.); (S.H.); (N.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Panumas Kamkang
- Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.A.); (P.K.); (S.H.); (N.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Sittiphong Hunthai
- Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.A.); (P.K.); (S.H.); (N.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Maroot Kaewwongse
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Mana Taweevisit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.A.); (P.K.); (S.H.); (N.C.); (P.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pakkapon Rattanachaisit
- Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.A.); (P.K.); (S.H.); (N.C.); (P.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thasinas Dissayabutra
- Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.A.); (P.K.); (S.H.); (N.C.); (P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weng J, Durand A, Desobry S. Chitosan-Based Particulate Carriers: Structure, Production and Corresponding Controlled Release. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051455. [PMID: 37242694 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The state of the art in the use of chitosan (CS) for preparing particulate carriers for drug delivery applications is reviewed. After evidencing the scientific and commercial potentials of CS, the links between targeted controlled activity, the preparation process and the kinetics of release are detailed, focusing on two types of particulate carriers: matrix particles and capsules. More precisely, the relationship between the size/structure of CS-based particles as multifunctional delivery systems and drug release kinetics (models) is emphasized. The preparation method and conditions greatly influence particle structure and size, which affect release properties. Various techniques available for characterizing particle structural properties and size distribution are reviewed. CS particulate carriers with different structures can achieve various release patterns, including zero-order, multi-pulsed, and pulse-triggered. Mathematical models have an unavoidable role in understanding release mechanisms and their interrelationships. Moreover, models help identify the key structural characteristics, thus saving experimental time. Furthermore, by investigating the close relation between preparation process parameters and particulate structural characteristics as well as their effect on release properties, a novel "on-demand" strategy for the design of drug delivery devices may be developed. This reverse strategy involves designing the production process and the related particles' structure based on the targeted release pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Weng
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Alain Durand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uyanga VA, Ejeromedoghene O, Lambo MT, Alowakennu M, Alli YA, Ere-Richard AA, Min L, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Chitosan and chitosan‑based composites as beneficial compounds for animal health: Impact on gastrointestinal functions and biocarrier application. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
|
6
|
Antidiabetic Properties of Chitosan and Its Derivatives. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120784. [PMID: 36547931 PMCID: PMC9782916 DOI: 10.3390/md20120784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder. In addition to taking medication, adjusting the composition of the diet is also considered one of the effective methods to control the levels of blood glucose. Chitosan and its derivatives are natural and versatile biomaterials with health benefits. Chitosan has the potential to alleviate diabetic hyperglycemia by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake and utility. Scientists also focus on the glucose-lowering effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS). COS supplementation has the potential to alleviate abnormal glucose metabolism in diabetic rats by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and lipid peroxidation in the liver. Both high and low molecular weight chitosan feeding reduced insulin resistance by inhibiting lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue and ameliorating chronic inflammation in diabetic rats. COS can reduce insulin resistance but has less ability to reduce hepatic lipids in diabetic rats. A clinical trial showed that a 3-month administration of chitosan increased insulin sensitivity and decreased body weight and triglycerides in obese patients. Chitosan and COS are considered Generally Recognized as Safe; however, they are still considered to be of safety concerns. This review highlights recent advances of chitosan and its derivatives in the glucose-lowering/antidiabetic effects and the safety.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao Y, Guo M, Zheng P, Liu R, Wang D, Zhao D, Wang M. Effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica on regularating the gut microbiotan and alleviating intestinal inflammation in obese mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113401. [PMID: 36064122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to their known health-enhancing properties, Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJP) may alleviate obesity via unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate beneficial LJP effects and mechanism(s) of action using an animal obesity model (ICR mice fed a high-fat diet). First, LJP were confirmed to consist of sulfated polysaccharides via infrared spectroscopy. Next, LJP administration to mice was found to induce weight loss, reduce liver fat accumulation, and support healthy obesity-related blood serum indicator levels. Notably, LJP treatment significantly reduced TC and LDL levels and significantly increased HDL, LPL, UCP-2, and PPAR-α levels. Furthermore, examinations of tissues of LJP-treated mice revealed significantly reduced intestinal tissue inflammation as compared to corresponding results obtained for untreated obese controls. Additionally, LJP treatment relieved colonic shortening and reduced colonic levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. Further exploration of LJP treatment effects on mouse gut microbiota conducted via fecal 16S rRNA gene sequence-based gut microbiome profiling analysis revealed that LJP treatment increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and increased gut abundances of probiotics Bacteroides acidifaciens, s_Lactobacillus intestinalis, and s_Lactobacillus murinus. In conclusion, these results collectively suggest that LJP use as a food supplement may alleviate obesity and related gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingkun Guo
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruoyi Liu
- High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar R, Arya JK, Rizvi SI. Chitosan reduces inflammation and protects against oxidative stress in a hyperlipidemic rat model: relevance to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9465-9472. [PMID: 35925484 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An altered lipid profile may lead to the development of inflammation and NAFLD (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Although statins have a positive effect on blood lipid levels their long-term use is known to cause adverse effects, in this backdrop there is an interest in natural compounds which may affect lipid metabolism and prevent NAFLD. We have examined the effect of Chitosan on rats subjected to a high-fat diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar middle aged rats (12-16 months) were treated with high-fat diet orally for two months for creating a NAFLD model. Rats were also supplemented with Chitosan (2% chitosan daily) for 2 months. We assessed the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the histopathological profile of the liver. Inflammatory cytokines and adiponectin levels were also measured in serum. HFD induced significant changes in liver tissue and inflammatory markers (Il-6, TNF- alpha, NF-KB). Chitosan treatment protected rats from HFD induced alterations. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that Chitosan can effectively improve liver lipid metabolism by normalizing cholesterol, triglyceride, lowering NF-KB expression, and protecting the liver from oxidative stress by improving hepatic function. Chitosan also regulates genes related to lipidemic stress i,e leptin and adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang CH, Lin CH, Huang HH, Tsai GJ. Development of Fermented Shrimp Shell Product with Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects on Diabetic Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080695. [PMID: 35893262 PMCID: PMC9332839 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, approximately 9.3 billion tons of crustaceans were consumed, and 45–48% of shrimp shell (SS) by-products were discarded as waste. In this study, the SS of Litopenaeus vannamei was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LV33204, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia LV2122 (strong proteolytic activity), and Aeromonas dhakensis LV1111 (chitin-degrading activity), and the optimal fermentation conditions of liquid-fermented SS was established. Contents of total peptide, astaxanthin, and total phenolic content of the fermented SS were significantly higher than that of unfermented SS. In the presence of fermented SS, glucose uptake and insulin resistance of TNF-α-stimulated FL83B hepatocytes were markedly improved. Furthermore, daily oral supplement of fermented SS to streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats for 7 weeks significantly reduced plasma glucose and insulin resistance. Meanwhile, ingestion of fermented SS might enhance hepatic catabolism of glucose by increasing hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and decreasing glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, the fermented SS downregulated plasma total cholesterol (TG), triglycerides (TCs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver TG, and TC and lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic rats. In conclusion, a biorefinery process for waste SS was established through mixed strain fermentation. The in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the fermented SS is a promising functional food for the management of diabetic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Heng Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Hsiao-Han Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Guo-Jane Tsai
- Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hong SJ, Garcia CV, Shin GH, Kim JT. Enhanced bioaccessibility and stability of iron through W/O/W double emulsion-based solid lipid nanoparticles and coating with water-soluble chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:895-903. [PMID: 35447259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
W/O/W double emulsion-based iron-solid lipid nanoparticles (Fe-SLNs) and water-soluble chitosan-coated Fe-SLNs (WSC-Fe-SLNs) were developed to increase the bioaccessibility and stability of iron. Fe-SLNs exhibited a small diameter (158.17 ± 0.72 nm) and adequate zeta potential (-34.31 ± 0.41 mV) to maintain stable dispersion. The coating with WSC resulted in an increase in particle diameter (up to 226.13 ± 1.97 nm) and change of zeta potential to positive value (+47.83 ± 1.24 mV) because of the amine groups of chitosan. The lipid peroxidation of the Fe-SLNs and WSC-Fe-SLNs was substantially lower than that of pure iron. Both Fe-SLNs and WSC-Fe-SLNs were also able to protect the encapsulated iron in simulated gastric fluid, while effectively releasing almost 80% of the iron in simulated intestinal fluid. The Fe-SLNs and WSC-Fe-SLNs showed a great potential as functional materials to apply to various food industries through enhancement of physical stability and bioaccessibility of the encapsulated iron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gye Hwa Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu SH, Feng SA, Chiu CY, Chiang MT. Influence of Dietary Chitosan Feeding Duration on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165033. [PMID: 34443619 PMCID: PMC8400972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the influence of dietary chitosan feeding-duration on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide [a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) model]. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental animals and divided into short-term (6 weeks) and long-term (11 weeks) feeding durations, and each duration contained five groups: (1) control, (2) control + 5% chitosan, (3) diabetes, (4) diabetes + 0.8 mg/kg rosiglitazone (a positive control), and (5) diabetes + 5% chitosan. Whether the chitosan feeding was for 6 or 11 weeks, the chitosan supplementation decreased blood glucose and lipids levels and liver lipid accumulation. However, chitosan supplementation decreased plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, insulin levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. Meanwhile, it increased plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol level, plasma angiopoietin-like-4 protein expression, and plasma triglyceride levels (at 11-week feeding duration only). Taken together, 11-week (long-term) chitosan feeding may help to ameliorate the glucose and lipid metabolism in a NIDDM diabetic rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shih-An Feng
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Center of Consultation, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu SH, Chen FW, Chiang MT. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Alleviates Abnormal Glucose Metabolism without Inhibition of Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in a High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070360. [PMID: 34201848 PMCID: PMC8306302 DOI: 10.3390/md19070360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on glucose metabolism and hepatic steatosis in a high-fat (HF) diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Male Wistar rats were divided into: (1) normal control (NC group), (2) HF diet (HF group), (3) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes with HF diet (DF group), and DF group supplemented with (4) 0.5% COS (D0.5F group), (5) 1% COS (D1F group), and (6) 5% COS (D5F group) for 4 weeks. COS supplementation significantly decreased the plasma glucose, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity, and significantly increased hepatic hexokinase activity and glycogen content in diabetic rats; but the increased hepatic TG and TC levels could not be significantly decreased by COS supplementation. Supplementation of COS increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased lipid peroxidation products in the diabetic rat livers. COS supplementation significantly increased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein expression, and attenuated protein expression of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and phosphorylated p38 and renal sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) in diabetic rats. These results suggest that COS may possess a potential for alleviating abnormal glucose metabolism in diabetic rats through the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid peroxidation and renal SGLT2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|