1
|
Nie W, Wen D. Study on the Applications and Regulatory Mechanisms of Grafting on Vegetables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2822. [PMID: 37570976 PMCID: PMC10420990 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Grafting can overcome problems with soil sensitivity, enhance plant stress tolerance, improve product quality, and increase crop yield and value. This paper reviews the various mechanisms of vegetable grafting, the graft survival process and its influencing factors, the practical applications of grafting, and the molecular regulation of grafting in vegetables. The importance of germplasm and rootstock interactions, the mechanization of vegetable grafting, and future aspects, including intelligence and digitalization, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Nie
- Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Improvement Center for Vegetables, Institute of Vegetable Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Silkworm Functional Substances, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Improvement Center for Vegetables, Institute of Vegetable Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He N, Umer MJ, Yuan P, Wang W, Zhu H, Lu X, xing Y, Gong C, Batool R, Sun X, Liu W. Physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes in diploid and triploid watermelon leaves during flooding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1108795. [PMID: 36968389 PMCID: PMC10033695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flooding is a major stress factor impacting watermelon growth and production globally. Metabolites play a crucial role in coping with both biotic and abiotic stresses. METHODS In this study, diploid (2X) and triploid (3X) watermelons were investigated to determine their flooding tolerance mechanisms by examining physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes at different stages. Metabolite quantification was done using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and a total of 682 metabolites were detected. RESULTS The results showed that 2X watermelon leaves had lower chlorophyll content and fresh weights compared to 3X. The activities of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), were higher in 3X than in 2X. 3X watermelon leaves showed lower O2 production rates, MDA, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in response to flooding, while higher ethylene production was observed. 3X had higher levels of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and ascorbic acid + dehydrogenase (AsA + DHA), but both 2X and 3X showed a significant decline in the AsA/DHA ratio at later stages of flooding. Among them, 4-guanidinobutyric acid (mws0567), an organic acid, may be a candidate metabolite responsible for flooding tolerance in watermelon and had higher expression levels in 3X watermelon, suggesting that triploid watermelon is more tolerant to flooding. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the response of 2X and 3X watermelon to flooding and the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes involved. It will serve as a foundation for future in-depth molecular and genetic studies on flooding response in watermelon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Pingli Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan xing
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengsheng Gong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Raufa Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowu Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marques I, Ribeiro-Barros A, Ramalho JC. Editorial: Tropical Plant Responses to Climate Change. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137236. [PMID: 35806238 PMCID: PMC9266982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Marques
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab., Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.R.-B.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Ana Ribeiro-Barros
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab., Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.R.-B.); (J.C.R.)
| | - José Cochicho Ramalho
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab., Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Av. da Republica, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.R.-B.); (J.C.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Darré M, Valerga L, Zaro MJ, Lemoine ML, Concellón A, Vicente AR. Eggplant grafting on a cold-tolerant rootstock reduces fruit chilling susceptibility and improves antioxidant stability during storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3350-3358. [PMID: 34820839 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetable grafting has been increasingly evaluated to improve preharvest tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, very few studies have identified rootstock-scion combinations able to improve fruit shelf life and reduce the susceptibility to postharvest disorders. Herein, a purple eggplant scion (cv. Monarca) was grafted onto a cold-tolerant hybrid Solanum rootstock ('Java') and the changes in growth, quality, postharvest chilling tolerance, and antioxidant stability were evaluated. RESULTS Eggplant grafting enhanced plant vigor and fruit growth rate, decreasing the time from set to harvest by 10-15%. Grafted eggplants had a thinner shape and lighter pulp color than the control. The rootstock-scion combination tested showed lower respiration (~60%), dry matter (~15-20%), and phenolic compounds contents (~15-20%) than eggplants from non-grafted plants. Grafting markedly improved fruit performance during postharvest storage. Remarkably, grafted eggplants showed much higher tolerance to chilling injury than the control did, evidenced by a reduction of surface scalds along with decreased softening and pulp browning. The trend in antioxidants found at harvest time was reversed after cold storage due to enhanced stability (20% and 100% for pulp and peel respectively) in fruit from grafted plants. CONCLUSION Purple eggplant (cv. Monarca) grafting onto 'Java' hybrid rootstock modulated fruit growth, quality at harvest, and increased fruit chilling injury tolerance during storage. Grafting may be a bona fide strategy to induce phenotypic traits able to improve vegetable postharvest performance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Darré
- CIDCA (CCT CONICET, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Valerga
- CIDCA (CCT CONICET, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Zaro
- CIDCA (CCT CONICET, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Lemoine
- LIPA, Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia Concellón
- CIDCA (CCT CONICET, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Roberto Vicente
- LIPA, Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|