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Powała K, Żołek T, Brown G, Kutner A. Molecular Interactions of Selective Agonists and Antagonists with the Retinoic Acid Receptor γ. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6568. [PMID: 38928275 PMCID: PMC11203493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the major active metabolite of all-trans retinol (vitamin A), is a key hormonal signaling molecule. In the adult organism, ATRA has a widespread influence on processes that are crucial to the growth and differentiation of cells and, in turn, the acquisition of mature cell functions. Therefore, there is considerable potential in the use of retinoids to treat diseases. ATRA binds to the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) which, as activated by ATRA, selectively regulate gene expression. There are three main RAR isoforms, RARα, RARβ, and RARγ. They each have a distinct role, for example, RARα and RARγ regulate myeloid progenitor cell differentiation and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, respectively. Hence, targeting an isoform is crucial to developing retinoid-based therapeutics. In principle, this is exemplified when ATRA is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and target RARα within PML-RARα oncogenic fusion protein. ATRA with arsenic trioxide has provided a cure for the once highly fatal leukemia. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies of RARγ have revealed the potential use of agonists and antagonists to treat diseases as diverse as cancer, heterotopic ossification, psoriasis, and acne. During the final drug development there may be a need to design newer compounds with added modifications to improve solubility, pharmacokinetics, or potency. At the same time, it is important to retain isotype specificity and activity. Examination of the molecular interactions between RARγ agonists and the ligand binding domain of RARγ has revealed aspects to ligand binding that are crucial to RARγ selectivity and compound activity and key to designing newer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Powała
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Żołek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Drug Chemistry Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Li XM, Yang Y, Jiang FQ, Hu G, Wan S, Yan WY, He XS, Xiao F, Yang XM, Guo X, Lu JH, Yang XQ, Chen JJ, Ye WL, Liu Y, He K, Duan HX, Zhou YJ, Gan WJ, Liu F, Wu H. Histone lactylation inhibits RARγ expression in macrophages to promote colorectal tumorigenesis through activation of TRAF6-IL-6-STAT3 signaling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113688. [PMID: 38245869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are phenotypically and functionally diverse in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, how to remodel macrophages with a protumor phenotype and how to manipulate them for therapeutic purposes remain to be explored. Here, we show that in the TME, RARγ is downregulated in macrophages, and its expression correlates with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In macrophages, RARγ interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which prevents TRAF6 oligomerization and autoubiquitination, leading to inhibition of nuclear factor κB signaling. However, tumor-derived lactate fuels H3K18 lactylation to prohibit RARγ gene transcription in macrophages, consequently enhancing interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the TME and endowing macrophages with tumor-promoting functions via activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in CRC cells. We identified that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) exerts effective antitumor action by directly binding to RARγ to inhibit TRAF6-IL-6-STAT3 signaling. This study unravels lactate-driven macrophage function remodeling by inhibition of RARγ expression and highlights NDGA as a candidate compound for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fu-Quan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun-Hou Lu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wen-Long Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kuang He
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Han-Xiao Duan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University and Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University and YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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3
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Yamakawa K, Koyanagi-Aoi M, Machinaga A, Kakiuchi N, Hirano T, Kodama Y, Aoi T. Blockage of retinoic acid signaling via RARγ suppressed the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle progression of the G1-S phase. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:94. [PMID: 37198667 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study and several studies have reported that in some cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the expression of squamous lineage markers, such as esophagus-tissue-specific genes, correlated with a poor prognosis. However, the mechanism by which the acquisition of squamous lineage phenotypes leads to a poor prognosis remains unclear. We previously reported that retinoic acid signaling via retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ signaling) determines the differentiation lineage into the esophageal squamous epithelium. These findings hypothesized that the activation of RARγ signaling contributed to acquiring squamous lineage phenotypes and malignant behavior in PDAC. METHODS This study utilized public databases and immunostaining of surgical specimens to examine RARγ expression in PDAC. We evaluated the function of RARγ signaling by inhibitors and siRNA knockdown using a PDAC cell line and patient-derived PDAC organoids. The mechanism of the tumor-suppressive effects by blocking RARγ signaling was examined by a cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assays, RNA sequencing and Western blotting. RESULTS RARγ expression in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC was higher than that in the normal pancreatic duct. Its expression correlated with a poor patient prognosis in PDAC. In PDAC cell lines, blockade of RARγ signaling suppressed cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase without causing apoptosis. We demonstrated that blocking RARγ signaling upregulated p21 and p27 and downregulated many cell cycle genes, including cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4 and CDK6. Furthermore, using patient-derived PDAC organoids, we confirmed the tumor-suppressive effect of RARγ inhibition and indicated the synergistic effects of RARγ inhibition with gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified the function of RARγ signaling in PDAC progression and demonstrated the tumor-suppressive effect of selective blockade of RARγ signaling against PDAC. These results suggest that RARγ signaling might be a new therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamakawa
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akihito Machinaga
- Oncology Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, DHBL, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirano
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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Shreteh E, Boulet S, Milliron ML, Karns C. An Emergency Department Patient With Pharyngitis and Final Diagnosis of Rare T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With a Copy of Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha Gene. Cureus 2023; 15:e39483. [PMID: 37378217 PMCID: PMC10292075 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A 21-year-old female with a past medical history of chronic tonsilitis presented to the emergency department (ED) with a sore throat and swelling in her neck for a two-week duration. The patient was noted to have pancytopenia with blasts on peripheral blood differential, so she was transferred for admission at an outside facility for further evaluation and management. Bone marrow biopsy revealed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with 39.5% blasts. CALGB 10403 treatment protocol was initiated two days after her presentation to the ED. The patient also had an extra copy of the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene. One year later, the patient was in remission, and cytogenetic results showed a normal female karyotype indicating that the patient no longer had ALL or RARA gene abnormalities. While a sore throat can be a common chief complaint in the ED, ED providers need to keep a broad differential as there are many serious and potentially life-threatening etiologies such as T-cell ALL. T-cell ALL diagnosis is established with the presence of >20% of lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or peripheral blood draw. Cytogenetic changes play a significant role in determining the prognostic factors and management of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Shreteh
- Emergency Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, USA
| | - Susannah Boulet
- Emergency Medicine, Allegheny Health Network - St. Vincent Hospital, Erie, USA
| | - Melody L Milliron
- Emergency Medicine, Allegheny Health Network - St. Vincent Hospital, Erie, USA
| | - Christopher Karns
- Emergency Medicine, Allegheny Health Network - St. Vincent Hospital, Erie, USA
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5
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Brown G. Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1182204. [PMID: 37082619 PMCID: PMC10110968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1182204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) is crucial to an organism’s proper development as established by findings for mouse foetuses from dams fed a vitamin A-deficient diet. ATRA influences decision-making by embryonic stem (ES) cells for differentiation including lineage fate. From studies of knockout mice, RARα and RARγ regulate haematopoiesis whereby active RARα modulates the frequency of decision-making for myeloid differentiation, but is not essential for myelopoiesis, and active RARγ supports stem cell self-renewal and maintenance. From studies of zebrafish embryo development, active RARγ plays a negative role in stem cell decision-making for differentiation whereby, in the absence of exogenous ATRA, selective agonism of RARγ disrupted stem cell decision-making for differentiation patterning for development. From transactivation studies, 0.24 nM ATRA transactivated RARγ and 19.3 nM (80-fold more) was needed to transactivate RARα. Therefore, the dose of ATRA that cells are exposed to in vivo, from gradients created by cells that synthesize and metabolize, is important to RARγ versus RARα and RARγ activation and balancing of the involvements in modulating stem cell maintenance versus decision-making for differentiation. RARγ activation favours stemness whereas concomitant or temporal activation of RARγ and RARα favours differentiation. Crosstalk with signalling events that are provoked by membrane receptors is also important.
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Xiu L, Zhao Y, Li N, Zeng J, Liu J, Fu Y, Gao Q, Wu L. High expression of RARG accelerates ovarian cancer progression by regulating cell proliferation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1063031. [PMID: 36523991 PMCID: PMC9746340 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1063031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG) and ovarian cancer (OC) cell proliferation and the prognosis of patients. METHODS The transcriptome and clinical information of 379 OC and 88 normal ovarian samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. We compared the mRNA level of RARG between ovrian normal and tumor tissues with the Wilcoxon rank sum test.The R package "limma" was used to analyze the differences in RARG expression between different clinical subgroups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between RARG and prognosis of patients. A nomogram was established to predict the effect of RARG on prognosis of OC patients. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR experiments were conducted to determine the differential expression of RARG between ovarian normal and tumor tissues. Finally, we altered RARG expression using specific siRNA and lentiviral expression vectors to explore the function of RARG by CCK-8, cell cycle, colony formation, and xenograft assays in nude mice. RESULTS RARG was highly expressed in ovarian tumors and was an independent predictor of poor overall survival outcomes. Subgroup analysis showed the high expression of RARG was related to FIGO stage III-IV (P=0.027), overall survival time <5 years (P=0.013) and dead status (P=0.041). The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that patients with high RARG expression level had poor prognosis. The area under the curve (AUC) of RAGR expression for predicting patient survival rates at 1, 5 and 9 years were 0.659, 0.616 and 0.627, respectively. The GSEA enrichment analysis revealed that RARG was involved in ovarian cancer progression through multiple pathways. In cellular experiments in vitro, downregulation of RARG expression significantly suppressed the proliferation and colony formation capacity of OC cells. In cellular experiments in vivo, knockdown of RARG significantly reduced tumor growth in nude mice, decreased expression levels of Ki-67 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). CONCLUSIONS High expression of RARG could promote OC cell proliferation and was an independent predictor of poor prognosis. RARG might work as a potential molecular target and biomarker for individualized diagnosis and treatment in OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Fu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Gao
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Retinoic Acid Receptor Gamma (RARγ) Promotes Cartilage Destruction through Positive Feedback Activation of NF-κB Pathway in Human Osteoarthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1875736. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1875736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a severe inflammation-related disease which leads to cartilage destruction. The retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) has been indicated to be involved in many inflammation processes. However, the role and mechanism of RARγ in cartilage destruction caused by inflammation in OA are still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the RARγ was highly expressed in chondrocytes of OA patients compared with healthy people and was positively correlated with the damage degree of cartilage in OA. Cytokine TNF-α promoted the transcription and expression of RARγ through activating the NF-κB pathway in OA cartilage. In addition, the overexpression of RARγ resulted in the upregulation of matrix degradation and inflammation associated genes and downregulation of differentiation and collagen production genes in human normal chondrocyte C28/I2 cells. Mechanistically, overexpression of RARγ could increase the level of p-IκBα and p-P65 to regulate the expression of downstream genes. RARγ and IκBα also could interact with each other and had the same localization in C28/I2 cells. Moreover, the SD rats OA model induced by monosodium iodoacetate indicated that CD437 (RARγ agonist) and TNF-α accelerated the OA progression, including more severe cartilage layer destruction, larger knee joint diameter, and higher serum ALP levels, while LY2955303 (RARγ inhibitor) showed the opposite result. RARγ was also highly expressed in OA group and even higher in TNF-α group. In conclusion, RARγ/NF-κB positive feedback loop was activated by TNF-α in chondrocyte to promote cartilage destruction. Our data not only propose a novel and precise molecular mechanism for OA disease but also provide a prospective strategy for the treatment.
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Zhang Y, Dong Q, An Q, Zhang C, Mohagheghian E, Niu B, Qi F, Wei F, Chen S, Chen X, Wang A, Cao X, Wang N, Chen J. Synthetic Retinoid Kills Drug-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells via Inducing RARγ-Translocation-Mediated Tension Reduction and Chromatin Decondensation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203173. [PMID: 36031407 PMCID: PMC9631059 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed synthetic retinoid abrogates proliferation and induces apoptosis of drug-resistant malignant-cancer-stem-cell-like cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of how the synthetic retinoid induces cancer-stem-cell-like cell tumor-repopulating cell (TRC) apoptosis are elusive. Here, it is shown that although the retinoid and conventional anticancer drugs cisplatin, all-trans retinoic acid, and tazarotene all inhibit cytoskeletal tension and decondense chromatin prior to inducing TRC apoptosis, half-maximal inhibitory concentration of the retinoid is 20-fold lower than those anticancer drugs. The synthetic retinoid induces retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, leading to reduced RARγ binding to Cdc42 promoter and Cdc42 downregulation, which decreases filamentous-actin (F-actin) and inhibits cytoskeletal tension. Elevating F-actin or upregulating histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation decreases retinoid-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of TRCs. The combinatorial treatment with a chromatin decondensation molecule and the retinoid inhibits tumor metastasis in mice more effectively than the synthetic retinoid alone. These findings suggest a strategy of lowering cell tension and decondensing chromatin to enhance DNA damage to abrogate metastasis of cancer-stem-cell-like cells with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationLaboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Qi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationLaboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Quanlin An
- Institute of Clinical ScienceZhongshan HospitalFudan University180 Fenglin RoadShanghai200032China
| | - Chumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationLaboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Erfan Mohagheghian
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringThe Grainger College of EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life SciencesShanghai University99 Shangda RoadShanghai200444China
| | - Feng Qi
- Institute of Clinical ScienceZhongshan HospitalFudan University180 Fenglin RoadShanghai200032China
| | - Fuxiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationLaboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationLaboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Xinman Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationLaboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationLaboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical ScienceZhongshan HospitalFudan University180 Fenglin RoadShanghai200032China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringThe Grainger College of EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Junwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationLaboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
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9
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Brown G. Lessons to cancer from studies of leukemia and hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:993915. [PMID: 36204679 PMCID: PMC9531023 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.993915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The starting point to describing the origin and nature of any cancer must be knowledge about how the normal counterpart tissue develops. New principles to the nature of hematopoietic stem cells have arisen in recent years. In particular, hematopoietic stem cells can “choose” a cell lineage directly from a spectrum of the end-cell options, and are, therefore, a heterogeneous population of lineage affiliated/biased cells. These cells remain versatile because the developmental trajectories of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are broad. From studies of human acute myeloid leukemia, leukemia is also a hierarchy of maturing or partially maturing cells that are sustained by leukemia stem cells at the apex. This cellular hierarchy model has been extended to a wide variety of human solid tumors, by the identification of cancer stem cells, and is termed the cancer stem cell model. At least, two genomic insults are needed for cancer, as seen from studies of human childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. There are signature mutations for some leukemia’s and some relate to a transcription factor that guides the cell lineage of developing hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Similarly, some oncogenes restrict the fate of leukemia stem cells and their offspring to a single maturation pathway. In this case, a loss of intrinsic stem cell versatility seems to be a property of leukemia stem cells. To provide more effective cures for leukemia, there is the need to find ways to eliminate leukemia stem cells.
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Oncogenes and the Origins of Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042293. [PMID: 35216407 PMCID: PMC8875247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-maintaining hematopoietic stem cells are a cell population that is primarily ‘at risk’ to malignant transformation, and the cell-of-origin for some leukemias. Tissue-specific stem cells replenish the different types of functional cells within a particular tissue to meet the demands of an organism. For hematopoietic stem cells, this flexibility is important to satisfy the changing requirements for a certain type of immune cell, when needed. From studies of the natural history of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, an initial oncogenic and prenatal insult gives rise to a preleukemic clone. At least a second genomic insult is needed that gives rise to a leukemia stem cell: this cell generates a hierarchy of leukemia cells. For some leukemias, there is evidence to support the concept that one of the genomic insults leads to dysregulation of the tissue homeostatic role of hematopoietic stem cells so that the hierarchy of differentiating leukemia cells belongs to just one cell lineage. Restricting the expression of particular oncogenes in transgenic mice to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells led to different human-like lineage-restricted leukemias. Lineage restriction is seen for human leukemias by virtue of their sub-grouping with regard to a phenotypic relationship to just one cell lineage.
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